#参考www.cnblogs.com/neteagles/p…
此处使用centos7做实验，环境准备
#此处使用centos7做实验，环境准备
两台主机：
一台主机：CentOS 7充当cobbler，http，dhcp，tftp服务器，并关闭防火墙和SELinux
一台主机：充当测试机，用于实现自动化安装Linux系统
网络要求：关闭vmware软件中的NAT模式中的DHCP服务，两个主机网卡基于NAT模式
#服务机
#1.安装相关包并启动服务
[root@centos7 ~]# yum install dhcp cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart httpd tftp -y
#并关闭防火墙和SELinux 需重启
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd httpd tftp dhcpd
#2.修改cobbler相关的配置
#查看需要哪些配置，配置一条后消失一条
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler check
#生成新密码，默认安装好的系统root密码为shichong
[root@centos7 ~]# openssl passwd -1 'shichong'
$1$ySZ561LM$5Yl7wQynhphTwop/E1OTF1
#修改下面四行
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
server: 10.0.0.170 #IP地址修改为你当前主机的IP地址
next_server: 10.0.0.170 #IP地址修改为你当前主机的IP地址
manage_dhcp: 1 #设置1，表示通过cobbler生成dhcpd.conf配置文件
default_password_crypted: "$1$ySZ561LM$5Yl7wQynhphTwop/E1OTF1" #密码设置成你刚生成的新密码
:wq
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
#3.实现dhcp服务
#修改dhcp的模版文件下面的行，用来生成dhcp的配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 10.0.0.2; #路由器网关
option domain-name-servers 218.30.19.40,61.134.1.4; #dns地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.150; #地址范围
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.200 10.0.0.254; #地址范围
:wq
##配置同步
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler sync
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
#可以看到dhcp已经自动配置好
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#4.下载启动的相关文件
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler get-loaders
#----此处实在是无法下载-执行:
yum -y install syslinux
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
systemctl restart cobblerd
cobbler sync
#5.修改菜单的标题信息（可选）
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.shichong.org/
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
#6.导入CentOS系统的安装文件，生成相应的YUM源
#挂载多个iso，或者把iso拷贝到机器里然后再挂载
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom
sr1 11:1 1 10.3G 0 rom
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /mnt/centos{6,7}
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/centos6
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sr1 /mnt/centos7
#导入系统源文件生成仓库
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler import --name=centos-6.10-x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos6 --arch=x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler import --name=centos-7.9-x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos7 --arch=x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/*
#列出当前导入的linux发行版条目
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler distro list
#列出当前菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile list
#------默认直接导入CentOS8.3会出现下面错误（针对于centos8）
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler import --name=centos-8.4-x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos8 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2021-01-18_162855_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Mon Jan 18 16:28:55 2021)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
No signature matched in /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.3-x86_64
!!! TASK FAILED !!! #出现No signature matched报错
#修改下面的配置文件,修改第70行添加centos-linux
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
"rhel8": {
"signatures": [
"BaseOS"
],
"version_file": "(redhat|sl|slf|centos-linux|oraclelinux|vzlinux)-release-(?!notes)([\\w]*-)*8(Server)*[\\.-]+(.*)\\.rpm", #把这行centos改成centos-linux
:wq
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart cobblerd
#重新导入CentOS8
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler import --name=centos-8.4-x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos8 --arch=x86_64
#7.准备kickstart文件，并关联至指定的YUM源
#kickstart文件参考文末
[root@centos7 ~]# rz
#把kickstart文件传到Linux里
[root@centos7 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg centos6.cfg centos7.cfg centos8.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]# mv centos* /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@centos7 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]# ll /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
total 76
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 866 Dec 30 20:55 centos6.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1384 Dec 30 20:55 centos7.cfg
#将kickstart文件，关联指定的YUM源和生成菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-7.9_mini --distro=CentOS-7.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-6.10_mini --distro=CentOS-6.10-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.cfg
#查看菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile list
CentOS-6.10_mini
CentOS-7.9_mini
centos-6.10-x86_64
centos-7.9-x86_64
#删除多余列表
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos-6.10-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos-7.9-x86_64
kickstarts 应答文件
centos7.cfg
#centos7.cfg
cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext 123456
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
#指定网络静态或动态，network --bootproto=static --device=eth0 --ip=10.0.0.123 --netmask=255.255.255.0
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
#注意此行必须指定
url --url=$tree
#修改内核参数，net.ifnames=0修改网卡名
bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="xfs" --size=102400 #分区
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=1024
part /data --fstype="xfs" --size=51200
part swap --size=2048
%post
useradd shichong
echo 123456 |passwd --stdin shichong
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EOF
%end
%packages
vim
wget
lrzsz
tree
curl
%end
centos6.cfg
#centos6.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.cfg
install
text
reboot
#注意此行必须指定
url --url=$tree
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6
rootpw --plaintext 123456
firewall --disabled
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --disabled
timezone Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --size=102400
part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=51200
part swap --size=2048
%packages
@core
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
autofs
vim-enhanced
%end
%post
useradd shichong
echo 123456 | passwd --stdin shichong &> /dev/null
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=base
#此处是我挂载光盘的地方
baseurl=file:///misc/cd
gpgcheck=0
EOF
%end
