1.何为三栏布局?
首先祭出以往面试过程中遇到的题目:一个页面,已知高度,页面分为横向分为三个模块,左右的宽度已知为300px,中间模块的宽度随浏览器视口的伸缩自适应处理。 根据题目,描绘如下图:
2.实现起来有几种方法?
这里大概列举以下五种实现方式,并用代码展示出来
- 浮动布局(最基本的)
- 绝对定位布局(面试过程中达到这里只能算是你学会css基础)
- flex-box布局(能够答到这里的话勉强及格)
- table及table-cell表格布局(还不错)
- grid网格布局(比较新的特性,算优秀了)
3.代码实现
//浮动三杯布局 注意:中间模块不要放在两个浮动元素中间,块元素会造成center占据整行,无法实现效果
<section class="layout float">
<article class="float-contain">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
<div class="center">
<span>
浮动布局-自适应展示模块测试
</span>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<style>
.float-contain div{
height: 100px;
}
.float-contain .left{
width: 300px;
float: left;
background-color: aqua;
}
.float-contain .right{
width: 300px;
float: right;
background-color: brown;
}
.float-contain .center{
background-color: cornflowerblue;
}
</style>
<!-- 绝对布局实现 -->
<section class="layout absolute">
<article class="absolute-contain">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<span>
绝对定位布局-自适应展示模块测试
</span>
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>
<style>
.absolute-contain{
margin-top: 20px;
}
.absolute-contain div{
height: 100px;
}
.absolute-contain .left{
width: 300px;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
background-color: aqua;
}
.absolute-contain .right{
width: 300px;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
background-color: brown;
}
.absolute-contain .center{
position: absolute;
left: 300px;
right: 300px;
background-color: cornflowerblue;
}
</style>
<!-- flex-box布局实现 -->
<section class="layout flex">
<article class="flex-contain">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<span>
flex定位布局-自适应展示模块测试
</span>
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>
<style>
.flex-contain{
margin-top: 140px;
display: flex;
}
.flex-contain div{
height: 100px;
}
.flex-contain .left{
width: 300px;
background-color: aqua;
}
.flex-contain .right{
width: 300px;
background-color: brown;
}
.flex-contain .center{
flex: 1;
background-color: cornflowerblue;
}
</style>
<!-- table表格布局实现 -->
<section class="layout table">
<article class="table-contain">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<span>
table布局-自适应展示模块测试
</span>
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>
<style>
.table-contain{
margin-top: 20px;
width: 100%;
display: table;
}
.table-contain div{
height: 100px;
display: table-cell;
}
.table-contain .left{
width: 300px;
background-color: aqua;
}
.table-contain .center{
background-color: brown;
}
.table-contain .right{
width: 300px;
background-color: cornflowerblue;
}
</style>
<!-- 网格布局实现 -->
<section class="layout grid">
<article class="grid-contain">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<span>
grid网格化布局-自适应展示模块测试
</span>
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>
<style>
.grid-contain{
margin-top: 20px;
width: 100%;
}
.grid-contain{
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: 100px;
grid-template-columns: 300px auto 300px
}
.grid-contain .left{
background-color: aqua;
}
.grid-contain .center{
background-color: brown;
}
.grid-contain .right{
background-color: cornflowerblue;
}
</style>
以上代码效果如下图:
伸缩后:
总结:三栏布局等布局方式是面试官考察css的重点模块,可以说是极其重要的部分,其拓展还有垂直三栏布局,两栏布局等等。(其他情况也有很多种,如果有时间再更这部分模块)