STL常用拷贝和替换算法

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STL常用拷贝和替换算法

算法简介:

  • copy //容器内指定范围的元素拷贝到另一个容器中
  • replace //将容器内指定范围的旧元素修改为新元素
  • replace_if //容器内指定范围满足条件的元素替换为新元素
  • swap //互换两个容器的元素

函数原型:

  • capy(iterator beg , iterator end , iterator dest);
  • //按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置
  • //beg开始迭代器
  • //end结束迭代器
  • //dest目标起始迭代器

示例:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector> 

void MyPrint(int val)
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01()
{
	vector<int>v1;
	for (int i = 0;i < 10;i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}

	vector<int>v2;
	v2.resize(v1.size());  //开辟新空间
	copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin());

	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), MyPrint);
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

函数原型:

  • replace(iterator beg , iterator end , oldvalue , newvalue
  • //将区间内旧元素 替换成 新元素
  • //beg开始迭代器
  • //end结束迭代器
  • //oldvalue 旧元素
  • //newvalue 新元素

示例:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

//创建仿函数
class MyPrint
{
public:
	void operator()(int val)
	{
		cout << val << " ";
	}
};

void test01()
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(40);

	cout << "替换前:" << endl;
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;

	//将20 替换成2000
	replace(v.begin(), v.end(), 20, 2000);
	cout << "替换后:" << endl;
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

函数原型:

  • replace_if(iterator beg , iterator end , _pred , newvalue
  • //将条件替换元素,满足条件的替换成指定元素
  • //beg开始迭代器
  • //end结束迭代器
  • //_pred 谓词
  • //newvalue 新元素

示例:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

class MyPrint
{
public:

	void operator()(int val)
	{
		cout << val << " ";
	}
};

class Greater30
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val)
	{
		return val >= 30;
	}
};

void test01()
{

	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(20);

	cout << "替换前:" << endl;
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;

	//将大于等于30		替换成3000
	replace_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater30(), 3000);
	cout << "替换后:" << endl;
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

函数原型:

  • swap(container c1 , container c2);
  • //互换两个容器的元素
  • //c1容器1
  • //c2容器2

示例:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

class MyPrint
{
public:
	void operator()(int val)
	{

		cout << val << " ";
	}
};

void test01()
{
	vector<int>v1;
	vector<int>v2;

	for (int i = 0;i < 10;i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i + 1);
	}

	cout << "替换前:" << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;

	//两个容器元素互换
	swap(v1, v2);

	cout << "替换后:" << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), MyPrint());
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}