docker linux 安装
docker安装
-- 删除已有的docker环境
1. yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
2. yum install -y yum-utils
3. yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
-- 可选项
yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-nightly
yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-test
yum-config-manager --disable docker-ce-nightly
-- 安装
4. yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
-- 查看有哪些版本
5. yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -
-- 指定版本安装
6. yum install docker-ce-17.06.0 docker-ce-cli-17.06.0 containerd.io
-- 启动docker
7. systemctl start docker
-- 测试是否安装成功
docker run hello-world
-- 查看docker版本
docker --version
常用操作
- 查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 4 weeks ago 13.3kB
- 卸载docker
卸载依赖
1. yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
删除工作路径
2. rm -rf /var/lib/docker
3. rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
- 帮助命令
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令 官网帮助文档：https://docs.docker.com/reference/
镜像命令
4.查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 4 weeks ago 13.3kB
解释：
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
可选项：
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs (常用)
5.搜索命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql -f=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11570 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4403 [OK]
# 解释 -f=STARS=3000
过滤stars >= 3000的 mysql
6.下载镜像
命令： docker pull mysql [:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #不加tag,默认最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
b380bbd43752: Pull complete #分层下载，docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
f23cbf2ecc5d: Pull complete
30cfc6c29c0a: Pull complete
b38609286cbe: Pull complete
8211d9e66cd6: Pull complete
2313f9eeca4a: Pull complete
7eb487d00da0: Pull complete
4d7421c8152e: Pull complete
77f3d8811a28: Pull complete
cce755338cba: Pull complete
69b753046b9f: Pull complete
b2e64b0ab53c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6d7d4524463fe6e2b893ffc2b89543c81dec7ef82fb2020a1b27606666464d87
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
b380bbd43752: Already exists #之前版本下载过，可以共用
f23cbf2ecc5d: Already exists
30cfc6c29c0a: Already exists
b38609286cbe: Already exists
8211d9e66cd6: Already exists
2313f9eeca4a: Already exists
7eb487d00da0: Already exists
a71aacf913e7: Pull complete
393153c555df: Pull complete
06628e2290d7: Pull complete
ff2ab8dac9ac: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2db8bfd2656b51ded5d938abcded8d32ec6181a9eae8dfc7ddf87a656ef97e97
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
7.删除镜像
-- 删除前
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 938b57d64674 4 days ago 448MB
mysql latest ecac195d15af 4 days ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 4 weeks ago 13.3kB
-- 指定image id 进行删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 938b57d64674 # 删除多个镜像id 可以以空格隔开
-- 删除后
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest ecac195d15af 4 days ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 4 weeks ago 13.3kB
-- 删除全部镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # docker images -aq 获取全量镜像
容器命令
8.新建容器并启动
-- 拉取镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
-- 启动容器
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="name01" 容器名字，用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
-- 测试 启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@016327b835b4 /]# ls -- 016327b835b4 为镜像id
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
9.退出容器命令
exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
[root@016327b835b4 /]# exit
exit
10.查看运行容器
# docker ps 命令
# 查看当前运行的容器
-a # 查看当前运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近 ? 个创建的容器
-q #只显示容器编号
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -- 查看当前运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a -- 查看所有运行过的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
016327b835b4 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago keen_liskov
dc62820baec1 centos "-it /bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Created youthful_hamilton
b06c8d9d986d feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago quirky_knuth
11.删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器id, 不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) #通过参数传递删除所有镜像
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有容器
12.启动停止容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止
常用其他命令
13.后台容器启动
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
67d8ae6d290ec10ab28774be3a0b133aa927743fae6740df249950a872598614
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 发现centos 停止了
原因：docker 使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，会自动停止
14.查看日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本，为了后台启动容器时，容器不会立刻停掉
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 双击666 ; sleep 1; done"
13bbde71a92cd0bcf6fcabc2674a51ed356ec81fde450a5568511852f654cce6
# 查看容器，发现容器并未停止
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13bbde71a92c centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds brave_nightingale
#查看日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 13bbde71a92c
2021-10-23T09:00:47.224840695Z 双击666
2021-10-23T09:00:48.227168847Z 双击666
2021-10-23T09:00:49.228680276Z 双击666
2021-10-23T09:00:50.234608140Z 双击666
2021-10-23T09:00:51.241256372Z 双击666
#参数
-f #显示全量日志
-t #显示时间戳
--tail number #要显示的日志条数
15.查看容器中的进程信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 13bbde71a92c
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 11553 11534 0 04:55 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo 双击666 ; sleep 1; done
16.查看镜像元数据
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 13bbde71a92c
[
{
"Id": "13bbde71a92cd0bcf6fcabc2674a51ed356ec81fde450a5568511852f654cce6",
"Created": "2021-10-23T08:55:34.608782181Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo 双击666 ; sleep 1; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 11553,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-10-23T08:55:35.628587485Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/13bbde71a92cd0bcf6fcabc2674a51ed356ec81fde450a5568511852f654cce6/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/13bbde71a92cd0bcf6fcabc2674a51ed356ec81fde450a5568511852f654cce6/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/13bbde71a92cd0bcf6fcabc2674a51ed356ec81fde450a5568511852f654cce6/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/13bbde71a92cd0bcf6fcabc2674a51ed356ec81fde450a5568511852f654cce6/13bbde71a92cd0bcf6fcabc2674a51ed356ec81fde450a5568511852f654cce6-json.log",
"Name": "/brave_nightingale",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "devicemapper",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"DeviceId": "35",
"DeviceName": "docker-253:0-61782-b32742a1eb96799bcb67380b9f482bf33081bc1a09fda045aee6e39585e1f646",
"DeviceSize": "10737418240"
},
"Name": "devicemapper"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "13bbde71a92c",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo 双击666 ; sleep 1; done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "c823589da8c21af95e29dccf9f7b395d2acea18a45df5d44cc87cddd2820d274",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c823589da8c2",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "501f692364b9bc98ae9a799b3dd85498d21a7337f909221f946ca47ffb155f26",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "657b937f433c715d6e5588d8401c6259c80d03b3f2a26b4267855f8e7eaaefb6",
"EndpointID": "501f692364b9bc98ae9a799b3dd85498d21a7337f909221f946ca47ffb155f26",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
17.进入当前正在运行的容器
# 方式一：
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 13bbde71a92c /bin/bash
[root@13bbde71a92c /]#
# 方式二：
#进入当前正在运行的命令窗口
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 13bbde71a92c
双击666
双击666
双击666
双击666
区别： docker exec 打开新的终端
docker attach 进入正在执行的终端，不会打开新的终端
18.从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器上文件目录 当前主机目录
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp edf180bb5175:/aa.py ./
注：拷贝是个手动过程，可以使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现
安装Nginx
# 搜索镜像，建议到docker hub 上面进行搜索
[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
# 拉取镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
# 查看是否拉取成功
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
# 启动镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx_test nginx
795d1feace8a7e0204cfc4e2e363ff8e9ceca67f302a293a5a83164dbd6cff67
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
795d1feace8a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx_test
#无法访问
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:80
curl: (56) Recv failure: Connection reset by peer
# 解决方案： 切换docker 网络：添加参数：--net="host"
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx_test --net='host' -p 80:80 nginx
--net='host' 切换网络 #docker network ls:查看所有网络
-- 存在问题，无法进行宿主机和容器的不同端口的映射 例如 8088 -> 80
部署 tomcat
# 用完即可删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
# 无法找到曾经的容器运行记录
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1ccaaa58af2f elasticsearch:7.6.2 "/usr/local/bin/dock…" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes es02
d6cc0ba45412 elasticsearch:7.6.2 "/usr/local/bin/dock…" 41 minutes ago Exited (143) 23 minutes ago es
795d1feace8a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Exited (137) 57 minutes ago nginx_test
# 指定网络后台启动
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name tom03 --net='host' -p 8080:8080 tomcat:9.0
# tomcat 启动成功，但webapp里面没有应用，所以报404错误
# 进入容器里面进行操作
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 361f8832b65f /bin/bash
# 将 webapps.dist 中的应用拷贝到 webapps 下
root@localhost:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps/
部署es+kibana
# 启动下载es
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name es --net host -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2
# 查看es 内存使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker stats d6cc0ba45412
#可以看出 es 内存占用很大，增加内存设置，修改配置文件 -e 环境配置修改
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name es02 --net host -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
root@localhost ~]# docker stats
docker 镜像提交
# docker commit 提交一个容器成为一个新的副本
# 命令和git 原理类似
# docker commit -m='注释信息' -a='作者' 容器id 目标镜像名:[tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -m='测试打包镜像' -a='笨小孩' 361f8832b65f tomcat02:v1
sha256:cd0f90d4237a83c7ba482c0ff0e5c6da6ff5072655a4c6d63dd42e3afc14e92e
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat02 v1 cd0f90d4237a 12 seconds ago 685MB
tomcat 9.0 43e421a14aec 2 days ago 680MB
nginx latest 87a94228f133 12 days ago 133MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 5 weeks ago 231MB
elasticsearch 7.6.2 f29a1ee41030 19 months ago 791MB
# 通过 新打包的容器id 启动tomact,可以正常访问，不报404
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name tomcat02 --net='host' -p 8080:8080 cd0f90d4237a
WARNING: Published ports are discarded when using host network mode
bd11889e41d56779c8b5151b94cf201866f4968cc42a9d461f4cad7103162a50
