英语笔记

一如初衷
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Lesson 30 1 VS 1 [2022.04.12]
I like to eat hot food like fish and dumplings on New Year's. They are delicious. It's a tradition to have dumplings on New Year as it brings good luck and show.

I don't like eating garlic.
I don't like the taste of it.

One of my favourite dishes would be spring rolls/wontons.

I like how crunchy it is on the outside but also soft on the insise.

Veg/meat
cabbage,greens,carrots

avoid eating food with garlic

Crayfish
Carbs
Fish
  • Phrases

Talk about food you like using these phrase. Try to complete the sentences.

  • What I like about... (giving a reason/explanation)
What I like about Chinese cuisine is that it has a  lot of varieties of dishes. They are often cooked in a healthy way and most of the dishes are hot and spicy.
  • I find that...
I find that our dumplings have a different shape in every province.
  • I like to pig out on...

pig out - to eat a lot

  • I love/adore...

  • I am fond of...

  • I am rather partial to...

  • I tend to eat...

  • I tend to avoid eating...

tasty, delicious, luscious(rich and tasty), mouthwatering, tempting, appetizing, succlulent(for meat), nutritious, vegetarian, vegan, binge-eater

rich(FOOD) - of hight quality, tasty, juicy

appetizing - something that makes you hungry when you look at it

succulent - juicy

The chicken leg is succulent.

nutritions - healthy

vegetarian - someone who only eats vegetables and fruits. They don't eat meat.

vegan - someone who doesn't eat meat or use ant dairy products like milk, cheese, butter, ...

When I think of eat meat, it makes my mouth water.

binge-eater  - to eat non-stop

I am an occasional binge-eater.

ideal - perfect 

Soup is appetizing for me.

one main verb
include - verb (√)
is(be) - verb (×)

she/he/it + verb-s/es

detailed - adj.

confusion - noun
confuse - verb

existing - something that's already there

Summarising a call:
- list in a few brief points
Being with a verb 
Avoid using "you"
Lesson 29 End assessment [2022.04.07]
When can I ...
What do you need...

can - could (formal/polite)
We'd like to know your requirements?

Could you tell us a little more about that/...?

Would this work for you?

Would this be alright?

I think it'd be best to...
We'd prefer if...
We're looking for...
Is it alright if I could let you know by...
Is it alright if I could let you check and get back to you...

Dear Mr.Jhon,

It was great to talk to you over the phone and we look forwardd to doing business with you.

I'd like to go over what was discussed in our call.

We look forward to meeting you...

Regards,
Alice
Lesson 28 Articles and Prepositions [2022.04.05]
Articles

Articles are words used before a noun. "A", "an" and "the" are articles.

  • We use "a", "an" with singular nouns. They are called Indefinite Articles.

  • We use "the" with singular or plural nouns. It is called the Definite Article.

    When do we use "a"?
consonant sounds - b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z

When do we use "an"?
vowel sounds - a,e,i,o,u

Example:
a flower/book/cat/bird

an airport/apple/example/explanation
Indefinite articles

FORM

Articles a always come before a noun

Use plural form when you talk about linking something in general
  • A/An
I have a book.
He likes to eat an apple every morning.

Make a sentence - with "a" and "an" each.
I want to buy a car.
There is an airport coming up in my city. We didn't have one before.
Thers is an airport on the outskirts(市郊，郊区) of the city.

I use a pen to take notes.
I looked at an apartment that was very beautiful on the way home.

Would you like a cup of tea?
Give me an egg, please.

There is a populary saying that, "An apple a day keeps the dortor away."

explain the situation with an example.

USAGE

  • We use "a" when the noun begins with a consonant sound:
A bus
A camera
A university (Pronunciation: a yunivesity)
  • We use "an" when the noun begins with a vowel sound:
An apple
An orange
An hour (Pronunciation: an our)
  • We ues a/an to talk about general things
I want an apple. (It means one of many apples.)
He wants to see a doctor. (It means any doctor.)
Definite articles
When do we use "the"?
I want to use the pen. (exactly that pen - a specific pen)

FORM

Articles always come before a noun.

  • The
The book is in my bag.
The apples are red.

Make a sentence with "the" and a singular noun and another sentence with "the" and a plural noun.

The computer is easy to use.
please lend the coupon to me.


The pens are given to all students. (passice voice)
The trees are green.
All the students in the class are young.
The apples are very sweet.
The flowers I saw in may neighbour's house were beautiful.
The flowers in the garden are beautiful.
The things at the shop were really cheap.
Goods - a formal word used in business.

Don't use "the" before a language.
English (right)
The English (not right)

People from England are called English/British.
The English (people) are hard to understand.
Prepositions
Can you tell me why we need a preposition?
- to connect words/a group of words.
- easy to form/make a sentence
- to specify the location, give details (add meaning)
- when things happened
- manner of things (how)

Examples: in,by,to,at,on,from,beside,after,with,without

A preposition is a word that tells us where something is. These words are called prepositions of place,

Preposition of place answers the question "Where?"

Some common prepositions of place are - in, on, at.

  • Example

on - surface of something

in - has walls around it/inside

at - at a particular place (general)

The spoon is on the table.
The apple is in th box.
They are at the mall.

USAGE

  • We use "in" with close spaces.
She is in her car.
The book is in the bag.

I sleep in my room.
He dances in the gym.
The rice is in the pot.
He makes noise in the room.
  • We use "in" for being within a place.
He is in the park.
My uncle is in Delhi.

He lives in Beijing.
She is swimming in the water/lake/sea.
I had rice for lunch in a restaurant in the afternoon.
My sister works in the accounting department.
  • We use "on" with surfaces
The cup is on the table.
The pillow is on the bed.

The basketball is on the floor.
My books are on the table.
  • We use "at" with a point/specific place
Brody is at the bus stop.
My brother is at the airport.

There is a shoerack at the door.

at the stationery shop
stationery - books and book materials
  • We use "at" with a building - inside or outside
I am at the hospital.
She is at the shopping mall.

We are working at the office.

at the gym
at the school

at 7 o'clock  - preposition of time

Some other example are - under, behind, between, in front of, above

USAGE

  • UNDER - below
The cat is under the cushions(靠垫).

We swam under the bridge.
  • BETWEEN - in the middle of (two things)
The blue bird is between the two green birds.

He/She sits between me and ALice.
Her desk is between mine and Alice's.
  • ABOVE - on top of (on top of something)
The nest(巢，窝) is above the house.
  • BEHIND - at the back of
The girl is behind the tree.

The car is behind the gates.
  • IN FRONT OF - at the front of
The dog is in front of the house.
Lesson 27 Repsonding to complaints [2022.03.31]
  • Dealing with an upset customer

What tips did they share to deal with an upset customer? (from video)

1. Saty cool with a good attitude
2. Show empathy
3. Spologise for the problem
4. Let the customer vent(发泄，表达)
5. Focus on the customer problem
6. Removing the focus from yourself and focus on the problem instead
7. Stay detatched (not get emotional)
  • Responding to an angry customer

Step to deal with an angry or irritated customer:

- Listen

- Apologise

- Show empathy

- Maintain a calm tone

- Use the customer's name

```
Why:
When we use customer's name to address them, it shows that we are buliding a rapport with them
```

- Take responsibility

- Don't take it personally

- Avoid negative language like "let me be clear", "for your information"

```
Why:
direct and rude

we are not taking responsibility
We are annoyed(愤怒)
```

- Resolve the issue

- Share insights with the team

```
Why:
It ensure(确保) that the problem does not happen again 
People learn from it
```

  • Dealing with different types of customers

    • Rude customers

    How deal with rude customers?

    1. Listen to the issue
2. Allow them to vent
3. Focus on the solution

    What are a few things we shouldn't do whenwe deal with a rude customer?

    1. Don't keep quit
2. Don't raise your voice
3. Don't interrupt(打断，打扰)
    • Disappointed customers
    How do their feedback help our business?
improves quality, reduces the number of issue, immprove the overall satisfaction of the product, bring more business, more profits

    • Difficult customers

    How do you deal with a difficult customer? What are a few tips to handle them?

    1. Let them continue speaking
2. Make eye contact
3. Nod from time to time
4. Oh, ah, yes...
5.Offer solution
6. Listen and respond with full understanding

      - Anxious焦虑的，担心的（） customers

    How do you deal with anxious customers?

    How are they diferent from other customers?

    1. They are impatient
2. They do not understand us
3. Give them details and clear steps
4. Show empathy
5. Pick up their anxiety by listening to them

Others

frustrating - angry and upset at something

a rapport - a healthy relationship

insight - knowledge that someone else doesn't have
Lesson 26 Problem solving [2022.03.29]

Put these problem solving steps in order:

  • Apologising

  • Clarifying the infromation

  • Showing empathy

  • Taking responsibility

  • Saying how and when it will be resolved

  • Oferring alternatives

  • Summarising the discussion

  • Assuring a follow-up

  • Ending with a friendly tone

Can you match the problem solving steps with the vocabulary

  • Apologising

    • First of all, I'm so sorry about that.

    • Let me apologize for...

    Example:
Let me apologize for not putting my phone on silent.
    • I apologize for...
    Example:
I apologize for not completing the issue this sprint.
    • I'm sorry for... / I'm sorry that... / I apologize for...
    Example:
I'm sorry for delaying the release.
I'm sorry for the delayed release.
I'm sorry for forgetting to send you a bag.

    • I'm sorry. / I'm realy sorry / I'm terribly sorry.

    • I should have... / I shouldn't have...

    • We deeply regret / Please accept our apologies.

  • Taking responsibility

    • It looks like an oversight on our part.

    oversight - when you forget to do somthing / something that you missed to do.

    Example:
It looks like an oversight on our part. We will include/add the issue to this sprint.
    • There seems to be a misunderstanding.
    Example:
There seems to be a misunderstanding. We have our 1-1 the next week and not this week.
There seems to be a misunderstanding. We should release it this week and not the next.

    • There seems to be some sort of mic-up.

    • I'm afraid there's been an oversight on our part.

    • It looks like we might have made a mistake.

  • Showing empathy

    • I understand.
    Example:
I understand. We regret not completing the issue.

    • I see what you mean.

    • I would feel the same way.

    Example:
I would feel the same way. I would also be frustrated for the delay.

frustrated - angry/annoyed/irritated

    • I would feel the same if this happened to me. We will sort this out.

    • I'm really sorry about this. We will get this resolved as quickly as possible.

  • Summarising the discussion

    • What we have decided is...
    Example:
What we have decided is about how to creat SKU.
    • I'd like to go over this once more...
    Example:
I'd like to go over this once more what we have decided to do is to roll back the release to the previous version.

  • Offering alternatives

    • I'll look into other possibilities.

    • I'll get back to you straight away.

    • I could offer you a refund.

    • The best I could do is...

  • Clarifying the information

    • Could you tell me exactly what happend?

    • Could you explain a bit more...?

    Example:
Could you explain a bit more about the issue you're facing in order food?

  • Assuring a follow-up

    • I'll get back to you...

    • I'll follow up to make sure that...

  • Ending with a friendly and helpful tone

    • I hope you are satisfied with the outcome.

    • Thanks for bringing this to our attention

    • Is there anything else I could do for you>

    补充：
If you have any other suggestions, feel free to contact us.
We'll make sure that this gets resolved.

  • Saying how end when the problem will be solved

    • I'll take care of this at once for you.

    • I'm sure we can find a solution.

    • This should be resolved by...

    Example:
This should be resolved by the end of day/week/next Tuesday.

Conversation

When will you release it? (active voice)
When will it be released? (passive (消极) voice)

Could you tell me when you'll release it?

We'd appreciate it if you could wait for the release next week.

Let me apologise for the delay.

I'll let you know once the update is released/problem is resolved.

I have no other problems/issues to discuss.

others

Apologising - saying sorry

empathy - understanding other people's problem

apologies - a noun
apologize - a verb

beg
bag
peg
page

lead to the error

I'm going to work with you.
We're going to look into it.

Why do you need (direct) / Why would you like to (more polite)

once we have a discussion
to determin the solution
Lesson 25 1 VS 1 [2022.03.22]
  • for
for + noun
for + verb-ing (gerund-noun)

Example:
for reading
for writing
for listening to me
for talking to me
  • that

that - a subordinating conjunction

It is used to combine two phrases with main verbs together.

Example:
I laughed so much that I had a stomach ache.
We bought a house that was build in the 70's.

- We bought a house
- The house was build in the 70's.
  • listen

After "listen" always have "to"

Example:
listen to your parents
listen to the boss
listen to music
listen to the radio
  • verb + to + verb
Example:
need to write
need to code
buy food to eat
  • verb + verb-ing
Example:
like reading
love dancing
enjoy playing football
hate running

  • Phrasal verbs

    • go over

    mean: to look at something in detail

    Example:
Let's go over the report prepared by the QA team.

    • get through

    mean: to complete

    Example:
We'll get through the task this sprint.

    • move on

    mean: to go to the next topic

    Example:
Can we move on to the next point in our discussion?

    • work out

    mean: to calculate/to find a solution

    Example:
We have to work out how to fix the bug.
We are working out how to fix the issue with the Baidu site.

    • iron out

    mean: to finalise/to comfirm

    We have to iron out this issue tomorrow before the ralease.

    • come up

    mean: to happen

    We have come up with a solution for the bag item issue.

    • start...off

    mean: to begin

    Example:
I will start off with the front-end development/quality check.

  • others

a part of something
a function of something

confuse - verb
confusion - noun

detailed - adjective
gives more infomation about noun   
(steps - here)  - (detailed steps)


this - singular
these - plural
that - singular
those - plural

issue + resolve(fix)
update + release

get through - a lot of things to be discussed/done
Lesson 24 Introductions with external customers [2022.03.17]
  • What kind of customers do you generally have to deal with at XXX(company name)?
Rude customers
Angry customers
Demanding customers
Stubborn customers
Flexible customers
  • What are the important things that you need to remember while dealing with customers?
1. Be patient
2. Understand the customer's problems/needs
3. Be polite and formal
4. Resolving issues quickly
5. Be friendly
6. Respond quickly
7. Formal attire

Using polite language

  • Rewrite the flowing phrases to make them more polite

Questions

- Who are you?

```
1. May I ask/have your name?
2. Could I ask/have your name?
```

- What are you looking for?

```
Are you looking for anything special/in particular?
```

- Ask me a question if you want.

```
Please feel free to ask me any questions?
```

- Do you want a brochure?

```
1. Can I interest you in a brochure?
2. Would you like/care for a brochure?  [care for]
```

- I'll put your name on the mailing list, OK?

```
1. Would you like me to put your name on the mailing list?
2. Would you like to be on our mailing list?
```

- Give me your business card.

```
1. Do you mind if I take your business card?
2. Would you mind if I took your business card?
```

- I'll contact you sometime soon.

```
I'll email/call you next week to see if I can help you with any of our products.
```

  • Asking for repetition:

    • I'm sorry, but I didn't (quite) catch that/understand you exactly.

    • Could we go over that once more?

    • Could you repeat that, please?

    • Could you speak a bit more slowly, please?

    • Could you speak up a bit, please?

    speak up - to raise the voice/to increase the volume of
go over - repeat the process

For axample, "Sorry, Alice! I couldn't quite catch what you said about the development problem. Could you please tell me exactly what the problem is?"


What is the difference between listen and hear?
listen - takes attention
hear - sound that travels

I couldn't hear you too clearly.

  • Offering help:

    • How may I help you?
    For example:
Hi, this is Manasa from XXX(company name). How/May I hele you, Alice?
    • Well, if you need help, just...
    Example:
Well, if you need help, just send us an email/give us a call...
    • Can I get you...? [give something to someone]
    Example:
Can I get you a glass of water/a chair/some tea/a pen?
    • May I suggest a solution?

  • Responding to customers:

    • Happy to help
    Example:
We're happy to help you in resolving the issues you're facing.
    • I understand
    Example:
I understand what you're worried about. I'm happy to help you resolve the problem.
    • Do you mind if...
    Example:
Do you mind if I send the email to you now?
    • I am afraid...
    Example:
I'm afraid that the issue will take some time to be resolved.

I'm afraid that it will take some time to resolve the issue.
    • Thanks for bringing it up
    Example:
Thank you for bringing it up in the meeting today.
    • I completely understand why...
    Example:
I completely understand why you are unnhappy/dissatisfied/upset about the delay.
    • I've passed this on...
    Example:
I've passed this on to my team about the issue.
    • Thank you
    Example:
Thank you for your understanding.
Thank you for being patient with us.

  • others

May I introduce our app to you?
May I show you our lastest app?

Dose your product match my requirements?

Are there any other questions?

Is there anything you'd like to ask in particular?

I'll call/send an email if I have any questions.

Thank you for hearing us out.

instead of saying "yes"
Absolutely
Of course, we do...
Definitely

We support after-sales service

Thank you for taking some time to know about our product.

We'd be happy to answer any questions you have.

Thank you for telling us about your app.

I'll definitely get back to you about this.
Lesson 23 [2022.03.15]
  • 离职信
Dear XXX,

This is to information you that from 1st April 2022, I will not work with XXX(company name). 31st march will be my last working day.
Lseeon 22 Building listening skills [2022.03.10]
  • Is it important to be a good listener while communicating with someone? Why?
polite to others, respect others
have a better understanding
know about/get their ideas/expectations
learn from others
know where we stand
effective communication
get information
leaves a good impression on others
result in more business or communication show empathy
  • How do you think we can build listening skills?
keep quiet
focus on them
listen carefully
don't interrupt
make/take notes
ask them to repeat
paraphrase and check
listen more and speak less
observing their body language
asking questions
have a follow-up questions(asking more about what they said)

  • Barriers to listening

    • Physical (身体的，肉体的)
    1. Noise
2. Discomfort
3. Distractions
4. Distance
    • Psychological (mental state) (mind) (心理的)
    1. Emotional disturbance
2. Anxiety
3. Fear
    • Linguistic (语言的，语言学的)
    1. Improper message decoding
2. Ambiguous language
3. Jargon
    • Cultural (文化的)
    1. Cultural differences
2. Different values
3. Different social norms

    What is ambiguous? - not clear
anxiety - worry
social norms - the standard of behaviour that's expected to be followed in a culture
Jargon - business terms
Distraction - not paying attention

  • Ten commandments of listening

    • Stop talkinf and thinking

    • Evaluate the speech

    Comment:tone of the speech words they used how they said it was it positive or neutral or negative? what the emotion was

    Evaluate - assess/think about the speach 【评估】

    • Be unbiased to the speaker

    Unbiased - fair or equal

    • Fight distractions

    • Ask questions and take notes

    • Avoid prejudgement

    Prejudgement - forming an opinion about something before we know all information

    • Paraparase/Reword from time to time

    paraphrase/reword - change the words and check if our understanding is right

    • Hold your temper

    temper - anger 愤怒，怒火

    short-tempered - gets angry easily

    good-tempered - they don't get angry easily

    • Watch non-verbal cues

    cues - hints 暗示，提示

    • Invite further contribution

    I can guess who that was.
I found that someone was snoring.
Lesson 21 Fluency [2022.03.08]

  • What do you understand by fluency?

  • When can you say a person is fluency in a language?

  • Techniques to build fluency:

    • Don't study grammar too much
    • Learn and study phrases. For example - After the meal, A piece of cake
    • Don't translate
    • Practise speaking what you hear
    • Submerge yourself
    • Study and listen to the correct material

  • Let's practise! Complete the sentences below

    • On sundays I usually...

    • On office nights I usually...

    • In the summer I often...

    • On my birthday I sometimes...

    • During work I usually...

    • On valentine's Day I usually...

    • In 2006 I was...

    • Last year was...

    • Last week I went to...

    • Last night I...

    3 idiots
over the moon
She is hard working.
Pirate is a chief who steals in the sea.
I haven't visited/seen the Great wall of China.
Lesson 20 Vocabulary for calls [2022.03.03]
How did the receptionist answer the call?
How did she introduce herself?
How did the caller introduce himself and give his name?
What did the receptionist tell him when he wanted to speak to MR.Morgan?
What did the caller JS reply?
How did the receptionist taake the message?
Die she repeat the message?
What did the caller talk about? What information did they want?
How did they end the call?
Did the caller leave any message?
What did she ask the receptionist?
How did they set up a follow-up meeting?
What did the receptionist say?
How did they decide the meeting time?

Hello, this is XXX speaking.
This is JW from XXX(company name)

I'm afraid the line is engaged(busy).
Could I put you on hold, please?
Can I leave a message?

Yes, she repeated the message.

Ask for the number, repeat it, thank and end the call.

something about shipment
out of office at the moment

The receptionist had questions for the caller from Mr.J.

on + day
at + time

In that case,...
Is he free on...
Would he be available...?
Are you free on...?

  • Greeting

    • Good morning/afternoon/evening...

  • Intruduction

    • ABC company. This is... How may I help you/What can I help you with/What can I do for you?

    • This is Kevin speaking...

How'd you greet and intruduce yourself?

Example:
XXX(company name), this is Alice speaking.
This is Alice from XXX(company name).

-Asking questions

- Can I speak to...?

```
COuld I speak to Alice, please?
```

- Is...in?

```
Is Alice in? (co-worker -less formal)
```

- May I...?

```
May I speak to Alice, pleasse?  (formal - client,senior postion)
```

  • Answering questions

    • I'm afraid he isn't...
    I'm afraid he isn't in the office now?
    • Yes. Just a moment...
    Yes. Just a moment please. Could I put you on hold?/Let me check if he's in.
    • Sure. The number is...
    If we're giving out phone number, we give them in groups of 3-4 digits  [456-789-0123]

  • Leaving/taking a message

    • Can I leave/take...?
    Can I leave/take a message for him/her?
    • Would...like to leave...?
    Would you like to leave a message?
    • Could...give him/her...?
    Could you give him a message for me?
    • Could...ask him/her to call...?
    Could you ask him to call me asap?
    • Could...name please?
    Could I have you name please?/Could you tell me your name please?

    • Could...spell that please?

    • What's your number please?

  • Hold/Close

    • Hold the line please...
    Hold the line for 2 min please. Let me check/find out.

    • Could you hold on please?

    • Just a moment please...

    • Thank you for holding...

    • The line's free now...I'll put you though.

    i'LL  transfer your call to...

    • I'll connect you now/I'm connecting you now.

    • Is there anthing else...?

    Is there anthing else I can help you with?

    读音：
know - no
now - nou
no - no

  • Mini role palys

Pick a situation at work where you communicate on the phone. Have a similar conversation with your partner using the phrases discussed.

- Call your colleague in the US to give them an update on the project

- Talk to your boss and request for the dealine to be extended

- Call a potential client and tell them about your product

agree with you
How long you need time?

How long do you need?
How much time do you need?

I think 2 days are enough.

Is there anything else I can help you with?
Lesson 19 Telephone and video conferencing etiquette [2022.03.01]

  • Telephone

    • Which one was better? Why do you say so?
    • How often do you need to speak on the telephone at work?
    • List down some dos and don'ts of speaking on the telephone.
    Dos:
greeting, introduction
positive attitude
keep conversations short
speak clearly & concisely
speak from a quite place
formal language

Don'ts
informal language
speak loudly
end when they're speaking
speak too low
eat
    • Do's
    1. Introduce your company and yourself
    Example:
Hello, XXX(company name), Alice speaking.
Hello, this is Alice from XXX(company name)
    1. Offer extra assistancen before closing
    Example:
What else can I do for you?
Is there anything else I can help you with?
    1. If it's a transfer, tell whom/which department you're transferring the caller to [需要转接的电话]
    Example:
I'll transfer your call to the QA team
    1. Ask for assistance if your colleague is on leave
    Example:
Sorry, my colleague is not available. Let me find someone to help you. Please hold on.
    1. Tell the time-frame when placing a person on hold and apologise(道歉) if you have exceeded the time-frame
    Example:
Could you please hold on 1-2 min?
Sorry to keep you waiting?
I apologise for keeping you waiting?

    1. Summarise the information given

    2. Have a pen/pencil and a paper/book handy

    3. Apologise if there is an error from your side

    4. Apologise on behalf of the company if there's any error from company's side

    Example:
Sorry for the inconvenience I apologise on behalf of the company for the inconvenience caused.
We regret the unfortunate incident/delay.

    1. Use NATO Alphabet or familliar words to spell names and any words that people can't understand

    • NATO alphabet
    A - ALFA
C - CHARLIE
E - ECHO
G - GOLF
I - INDIA
K - KILO
M - MIKE
O - OSCAR
Q - QUEBEC
S - SIERRA
U - UNIFORM
W - WHISKEY
Y - YANKEE
B - BRAVO
D - DELTA
H - HOTEL
J - JULIETT
L - LIMA
N - NOVEMBER
P - PAPA
R - ROMEO
T - TANGO
V - VICTOR
X - X - RAY
Z - ZULU
    • Don'ts
    1. Talk/shout at others in the room while you're on the phone.
    2. Hold the instrument with the mouthpiece cupped in the hand while speaking
    3. Muffle the microphone with the palm of the hand, not the finger tips if you need to make any vocal aside during the conversation

  • Video conferencing etiquette(manners)

    • Is video conferencing etiquette the same as telephone etiquette?
    • What differences did you notice?
    • How often do you have video conferenced at work?
    good lighting
angle of the camera
dressed semi-formally
don't be distracted
muffled sound

There's some construction noise on the floor above/from the next room.
    • What should and shouldn't you do in a video conference?

    1. Sit up straight (√)

    2. Smile (√)

    3. Touch your face (×)

    4. Use gestures (√) [not too many]

    5. Have a flashy background (×) [neutral background]

    6. Don't fidget (√) [fidget - to keep doing something with your hands]

    7. Make eye contact (√)

    8. Have good lighting (√)

    9. Mute your microphone when not speaking (√)

    10. Talk to your pets (×)

    11. Dress neatly (√)

    12. Check messages on your phone (×)

    • You've recived a call from one of your client. How would you handle the call?
    Example1:
1. Intruduction
2. Ask for information
3. Offer to help
4.Redirect to the responsible person
5. End the call

    Tell us how you'd speak over the phone.

Assume the client is asking for an update and you are not responsible for it. What do you do?

he/she -  a third person
they(nowadays) - gender - neutral pronoun

If he asks,...
If they ask...

Let me transfer you to the QA team. They'll be able to help you out.

put them on hold to find information

transfer the call but inform the caller first

We have the transfer option on the phone
    • Your co-worker from abroad has called you to enquire about the status. How will you answer the phone call?
    Hello, Alice speaking.
How're you doing?/How do you do?

Answer the question/give status

co-worker - discuss about a follow-up
call/email/schedule a meeting

What steps we are taking next

Tell us how you'd speak over the phone

summarise the call
end it
Lesson 18 1 VS 1 [2022.02.22]
update...in...
remove...from...

no preposition before "next", "this", "last"...

in next... [incorrect - not use "in" before the word "next"]

I'll be working on completing the details on inventory task next.
Please let me know if you have any questions.

will + verb (somtime in the future)
be + going to + verb (immediate plans)

Do you think we will live under the ocean 100 years from now?

We will need advanced technology to live under water.

oxygen to breathe
Lesson 17 Future forms [2022.02.17]
  • If you win a lottery of USD 10 millions, what will you do?
1. I will try doing new things like skiing.
like - spoken English (casual)
such as - written English(formal)


2. I will travel to beautiful cities like...
country - France
city - Paris

Maybe go travelling

3. I will get a big house to have a better standard of living.

4. I will quit my job and take a break for a year.

5. I will save the rest of it in a bank.
   I will invest the rest of it.

  • Will - form and use

    • Form

    1. Affirmativev [肯定的]
    Will + base form of the verb

Example：
She will have lunch now.
I will play badminton tomorrow.

    2.Negative

    Will not/won't + base form of the verb   [will not = won't]

Example:
He won't go swimming today.
I won't take the bus to work in the evening. I'm going to take a taxi/cab.
I won't complete this issue tomorrow. I need some time.

I won't go to office at the weekend.  [Incorrect]
||
I don't go to office at weekends. (present - repeated action)   [Right]

    3.Interrogative

    Will + subject + base form of the verb

Example:
Will you drop me home today?
Will you meet me tomorrow?
Will you travel next weekend?

    • Use

    1. To talk about future facts [future facts: guess - something that may happen in the future]
    Example:
Next year, the call center will open in Bangkok.
    1. To talk about predictions [predictions: 预言，预测]
    Example:
The price of gold will continue to rise.
The next Sunday will be sunny.
    1. To make decisions/offers at the moment of speaking
    Example:
A: I'll call a taxi.   B: Don't worry, I'll drop you home.
    1. To make promises
    Example:
I'll finish it tomorrow.

  • be going to - form and use

Present continuous form - to talk about future actions (decisions have already been made,going to happen in the near future)

- Form

1. Affirmative

```
is/am/are going to + base form of the verb

Example:
We are going to the market this weekend.
I am going to play Badminton this evening.
```

2. Negative

```
is/am/are not going to + base form of the verb

Example:
It is not going to rain today.
I am not going to play Badminton next month.
```
> you already know that the weather is different

3. Intterogative

```
Is/Am/Are + going to + base form of the verb

Example:
Are you going to meet Shilpa tomorrow?
Are we going to school tomorrow?
Is she going to dance this evening?
```

- Use

1. To talk about things we intend to do, or already planned to do  [intend to do: 想要做]

```
Example:
We're going to start a business together.
```

2. To make predictions based on what we can see now

```
Example:
Watch out! You're going to hit your head on the door!
```

```
It is going to rain heavily.

The car is going to our office. - already heading that way

The car is going to go to out office. - in the future they're going to
```
  • Expressing future hopes and expectations

making a prediction - will

- We expect...

```
We expect that the house price will decrease.
```

- We hope...

```
We hope that you win the game.  -wishing someone
We hope that we'll see you at the meeting next week. -stating an expectation
```

- I plan...

```
I plan to go swimming tomorrow.
```

- I intend to...

```
I intend to finish the work tomorrow.
```

- The chances are...   大概是，很可能是

```
The chances are that we will finish the task tomorrow.
```

- It is likely...   //很可能

```
It is likely that we'll win game easily.
```

1. Tell us about your plans for the next 5 years in terms of your work.
2. What do you wish to do in the next one year in your personal life?
3. What are you wishes and aspirations in life?

English fluency
communication in English
vocabulary

I hope you get it.
I hope to make more money next year.

technical skills

I plan to learn dancing after work.

I plan to learn new technical skills/work in my technical skills by reading books or taking online lessons.

I hope to find a job near my home.
I hope to find work closer to my home.
I hope to decorate my parent's house to make them more comfortable.
Lesson 16 Instant messageing etiquette [2022.02.15]

  • What do you understand by IM/Instant Messaging?

  • Do you use Instant messaging at XXX(office name)?

  • Do you follow any etiquette on IM? Share them with the class.

  • Do you think it's important to have instant messaging etiquette? Why or why not?

Etiquette - manners

I use formal language when I write emails.

contant someone quickly
more direct
short sentence/text
instant replies(less time)
expressing using emoticons
quick replies/responses
clear and saves time
create a group discussion

send media like docs,
photos and videos
Lesson 15 [2022.2.10]
  • Can you guess the formal words for these infromal words?
Informal Formal
OK Convenient
Help to assist/assistance
To tell to inform
to answer to response/to reply
to be sorry to regret
To get in touch to contact
to put off to postpone
to set up to establish/to arrange
to ask to request/to enquire
to need to require
  • Salutation
Salutation: As in letter-writing, the salutation can be formal or informal, depending on how well you know the person you are writing to.

Dear Mr,Mrs,Ms...     A formal form of address, also used when first contacting a person
Dear John             Less formal. Either you have had contact with this person before, or they have already addressed you by your first name.

Hi/Hello Marry(or just the name)     Informal, usually used with colleagues you often work with. In the U.S.A and U.K. also sometimes used at first contact. 
(no salutation)    Very informal. usually used in messages which are part of a longer email exchange.
  • Use polite language

Even in informal emails, it is important to use polite language. Please can bu used in every type of request, and phrases with could and would like are more polite than phrases with can or want.

Could you please send me...(√) Can you please send me...(×)
I would like to order...(√) I want to order...(×)

In enquire it is best to avoid imperatives like Send me... or Informal me... By adding please the sentence becomes more polite, but is still rather direct.

Please send me your current price list...
Please give us your rates...

The following phrases can be used in formal enquiries to first-time contacts. However, they can sound too formal in emails to colleagues.

We would be greatful if you could send us...
We would also appreciate some information on...
Lesson 14: 1 Vs 1 [2022.1.18]
  • about + noun
about a problem
about the solution
about the meeting

about the phone call
  • need
need + object
need + to + action

I need an apple.
I need to tell him about the project.
  • will + verb
It will throw an error message.
It will rain today.
I will leave early.
  • can not / can`t + verb
can`t see
can`t go
can`t work
  • others
I took English classes with her. She was...   [over]
I started taking....She is...   [not over yet]

scared - to be afraid of something
pandemic - any disease that has spread around the world.

I`d say that...
I guess...
I believe...
I think...
  • example
I guess I had a cake on my birthday. I believe we went shopping and I got a lot of beautiful clothes. I`d say that it was one of my happiest birthdays.

I guess studying English was difficult thing that I did last.

It was hard/diffcult/challenging to remember a lot of words.

I liked the moive as it was funny. But the ending was a tragedy. I didn't like that part.

I guess I was scared because I couldn't go home due to the COVID. I usually meet my family often. But I coundn't meet them much in the past year.

She taught us many things.
She shared a lot of knowledge with us.

different kinds of food.

I'll see you on Sat. Are you free then?
I'm free then.
  • much / many
many: 可数
many + countable nouns
many apples
many books
many people

much: 不可数
much + uncountable nouns
much money
much water
much data
much knowledge
Lesson 13: Email etiquette [2022.1.13]

etiquette - good manners/habits that we follow in public

1. Respond in brief time
2. Write only to the people who need the information
3. Concise
4. Take time to think about what you`re writing
Don`t write in the heat of the moment.
  • Match the following

<Row styles={{display: "flex"}} style>

1. Greeting/salutation
2. Subject
3. Introduction
4. Body
5. Sign off/closing
a. Tells the reader what to expect before opening the emiall
b.The beginning of the email body which states the purpose
c. Opening phrase of an email which addresses the recipient
d. The ending of the email
e. The actual content of the email
  • What are the important things to remember while writing an email?
1. Have a subject, recipient, body, sign off
2. Have an introduction, greetings
3. Proofread - check spellings, punctuation
4. Polite and formal phrases
5. Closing the email
6. Add details/data to the body
7. Don`t use capital letters/upper case
Lesson 12: Workplace Communication [2022.1.11]
  • Can you tell me the different ways you communication in office?
We use video conferencing website like Micosoft Teams.

We use text messaging apps like WeChat, Slack or QQ.
  • What kind of communication did they talk about?
Does it have words in it? -Y
  • Can I call them verbal communication?
Verbal communication - emails, texts, speaking

Non-verbal communication - communication without words using our body language, facial expressions, gestures, mudulation our voice

  • Types of workplace communication

    • Face to face
    • Non-verbal
    • Telephonic
    • Written

  • Group discussion task

    Work in you group. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of communicaiton? In what situations should we use them?

    • Face to face communication
    Advantages Disadvantages
    Immediate response Operational constraints
    Express feelings freely Set up costs
    Tone, guestures, facial expressions support the words Ineffective when there are many
    Suitable for discussions Ineffective if listener is not attentive
    Builds relationships and trust More chances of responding on impulse
    Message in clear and less ambiguous [ps: ambiguous - something that`s not very clear] 
    1. D-F-F
take everyone time to arrive find a place do not speak loudly

2. A-F-F
see their emotions/facial expressions more different spend less time on communicating clearly convey our ideas
    • Non-verbal communication
    Advantages Disadvantages
    Emphasize verbal message Can be unclear and imprecise
    They can substitute for verbal messages in case of any interruptions/disturbances Differs from culture to culture
    Signals understanding, doubt, as wel as confidence Information may be twisted/musunderstood
    Shows interest as well as attention May display a lack of confidence more easily than verbal communication
    Quick expression of message
    • Telephonic communication
    Advantages Disadvantages
    Get immediate feedback Tone, pitch, volume and tempo can be musunderstood easily
    Can be used to communicate with teams in different locations No non-verbal cues to support the words
    Provides faster interaction that e-mails Noise/interference may result in poor call quality
    Is more personal 
    1. A-Telephonic
convenient
call quickly - save time more different

2. D-Telephonic
finding a common time
hard to decode communication
need to spend more time
    • Written communication
    Advantages Disadvantages
    Permanent record - can be used as a reference Delay in responses, often resulting in delay in decision making
    Easier to present facts and complex details Writing needs to be clear and concise
    Gives you time to think and respond appropritely Not suitable for discussions and things which require an immediate response
    Easy to search and verify when required. Not very effective in building relationships
    Can be used to communicate with large audiences across the globe
Lesson 11: Past Form [2022.1.6]

  • Guess the words

    • TNEW (hint: past tense of 'go')

    go - went

    • LSPTE(hint: past tense of 'sleep')

    sleep - slept

    • NKADR(hint: past tense of 'drink')

    dring - drank

    • TEA(hint: past tense of 'eat')

    eat - ate

    • DLOT(hint: past tense of 'tell')

    tell - told

  • Irregular verbs - verbs that change thier spelling

  • Regular verbs - add "ed" or "d" to the verb

wish - wished
want - wantd
listen - listened
work - worked
hurry - hurried
pay - paid
  • When do we use the past simple form?
- to talk about things that are over/complete
- to talk about past experience
  • How do you make a sentence in the past simple form?
- I went to school last week

Subject + past form of the verb + object - Make sentences

  • The Past Simple form talks about actions in the past that aren`t happening now. They are finished actions.

    • Usage

    1. To talk about something that happened in the past:
    They told me go to home
    1. To talk about something that finished/completed in the past:
    We ate chichen for dinner yesterday
    • Example
    I played basketball yesterday.
I went home last weekend.
I completed my tasks for the last version.
I ate noodles for dinner last night.
I came to office by bus yesterday.

  • Many verbs in the Past Simple, are irregular. We can`t form them by adding -ed to the verb.

BASE FORM, PAST SIMPLE FORM:

go - went
have - had
drive - drrove
do - did
give - gave
sleep - slept

think - thought
sing - sang
begin - began
swim - swam
see - saw

rise - rose
fly - flew
blow - blew
run - ran
sit - sat

come - came
keep - kept
know - knew
make - made
meet - met

be(am/is/are - was/were)
hurt - hurt
learn - learnt/learned
leave - left
take - took

feel - felt
draw - drew
fall - fell
catch - caught
overcome - overcame

bring - brought
hold - held
lend - lent
  • Form

Subject + past simple form

Example

I went to college yesterday.
She had a beautiful...
They drove all night.
He did it.
You gave a lot of gift.
We slept early.

brought(bring):
I brought some eggs and noodles for lunch today.
I brought some information to give to the manager.

bought(buy):
I bought him some gifts for his birthday.

gave:
I gave some flowers to her on her birthday.

took:
I took some apples to my friend when I visited him at the hospital.

came:
I came from China last month.

met:
I met my family last weekend.
  • What did you do?
What did you eat for lunch?
I ate sandwiches for lunch.

When did your kids sleep?
They sleep at 11 pm.

Why did your sister drive the car?
She drove the car because she was late.

When did your friends go home?
They went home at 9 pm.

Where did your parents have dinner?
They had dinner at The Ritz.

What did you give your boss?
I gave him flowers.

I don`t have ...   [我没有...]
  • Negative form

We form the Past Simple negative by adding "did not" to the verb.

Subject + did not (didn`t) + base form

I did not go to school college yesterday.
She did not have a beautiful ring.
They did not drive all night.
He did not do it.
You did not give a lot of gifts.
We did not sleep early.
Lesson 10: Confidence [2022.1.4]
  • 3 factors that affect our confidence?
1. what you`re born with - genes
2. how you`re treated
3. the part you`ve control over

Is it something we`re born with? - Y/N
What are genes? - how we behave/react

Peer presure/pressure from the society
Some people are encouraging and some people can be discouraging.

Things we learn/acquire from experience.
Risks that we take.
  • 3 tips
1. Try a quick fix
2. Belive in your abilities to improve
3. Practise failure

Picturing ourself succeeding (Imagine winning it) - Listen to music that is empowering, strike a pose, give ourselves a per talk

Developing our skills
Believing that we can grow and continue to learn and practise

We will fail sometimes. We need to accept that we are going to mistake
Perservere - to keep going
  • Techniques to display confidence:
Stand tall - keep your shoulders straight
Make eye contact
Speak slowly and clearly
Pause to let an important point sink in
Keep your hands visible
Move around the room
Avoid fidgeting (making small repeated movement)
  • Use confident language
Common phrases Confident phrase
This is just my optiona, but...
I may be wrong, but... 		I have no doubt that...
Speaking personally...
I just wanted... I`m planning on...
I suggest the following...
I don`t know... I`ll find out.
Here`s what I can tell you.
I`m not sure if I`m the best person to answer that
Let me clarify that for you in just a monent.
Kind of
Sort of
I gusee 		Definitely
Certainly
Without a doubt
Surely
  • Confident language
Common phrases Confident phrases
We can`t... We won`t...
What if we tried... We believe...
I was just doing my job I appreciate it.
Thank you!
Am I making sense?I I look forward to hearing your thoughts
Lesson 9: Communication tips [2021.12.23]
  • skill tip 3: Avoid chain of nouns

nouns - things, people, places

Try to avoid using nouns continuously

Can you simplify this?
Departmental expenditure increase review

Answer:
A review of increases in departmental expenditures
  • 介词(Prepositions)：

Prepositions help in linking words together. Usually a noun and a verb

of, in, at, on, under, over, above, from, to, out, beside, near, behind, between, before,
  • Avoid redundancy

repetition of words (repeating words)

Instead of Use
Contractual agreement Contract or agreement
Cooperate together Cooperate
Current status Status
Final completion Sompletion
First and foremost First or foremost
First priority Priority
Foreign imports Imports
Honour and privilege Honour or privilege
Invisible to the eye Invisible
Lose out Lose 
Cooperate - to work together
Status - what`s the progress at the moment
What`s the status?
It`s my privilige to introduce the chief guest.
  • Why is it important to communicate clearly? Make a list of the reasons.
They misunderstand us.
We may lose business./friends.
We may feel tired.
We may feel dehydrated.
We may feel exhausted(tired).
We may run out of energy.
We may spend more time to explain ourselves.
It could strain relationships (professional and personal)

sprinng status
We`ll launch it after Christmas.
When`ll the next sprint begin?
I`m going to - you`ve already planned and it`s going to happen in the near future.
Would you be able to finish your work before the holidays?
I think I have enough time this sprint to finish my work.
What plans do you have for the project after the holidays?
will finish my work.
Lesson 8: Communication skills [2021.12.21]
  • To think about how you can improve your communication skills
listen + to English music/songs
communicate + in + language

chat with English speakers
  • skill: PREP
P - Point: get to the problem/issue quickly
R - Reason: tell them why - describe it
E - Example: talk about a previous similar experience/incident
P - Point Summarized: have a summary in a line or two about action to be taken

  • How to make your communication clear?

    • skill tip 1: Use simple words and phrases. Can you simplify the phrases below?
    Instead of Use
    At an early date Soon
    Five in number Five
    Owing to the fact that Becauce, Since
    In the absence of Without
    It would be approriate for me to begin by saying that First, Firstly

    • skill tip 2: Avoid jargon and unfamiliar expressions

    jargon: technical words related to a particular industry/company

    Can you simplify this?

    Instead of this:

    Shine repeatedly, small heavenly body,
I never stop to guess about your secret identily.
In a higher position, much beyond the reach of any human,
Like the greatest of all gems, you live above the earth.


gems - rubied, emerald, 
diamonds - precious stones
beyond - above the reach of someone/something
Shine - something that`s bright

    Use this:

    Twinkle, Twinkle little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.

    • Talk about the most memorable day of your life at Chancetop.

    • Try to keep it clear and concise.

use past tense to talk about any past experiences

work - worked
meet - met
can - could
give - gave
know - knew
go - went

made me more familliar
It brought us closer/I got to know my colleagues better.
It brought out the team spirit in us.
We worked togethers as a team.

We played games and had drinks

had - to eat/drink
We had casual chats with each other.
We had long conversations.


The most memorable...

We faced a problem in debugging.
I figured out/analysed and found out...

I didn`t...
I am not... - I was not...

arrived at work.
I had a training session.
He showed around the office.
I set up my workstation.
I got to know about the company.

colleagues
co-workers [modern - popular]
Lesson 7: 1 vs 1 [2021.12.16]
Dear Alice, Kinght...,  [use 'and' for more than 1 person]
Dear Mr.Chen/Ms.Chen, [last name]
Dear Alice Chen,
Dear Ms.Alice Chen,
Dear Alice,

We + would = We`d

We`d appreciate it if you could-making requests  [polite and formal]
Can you give us...? [information]

Making request - asking for more information from the client

in the mornings
in the afternons
in the evenings

at night
at noon
at midnight

on - days
on Monday
on the weekend (US)
on the weekned (UK)

describe + noun

Describe my day
Describe my work

be + present continuous form

comma === ,

implement 
to apply/
to make/
to create
  • "the"
eg: in the inventory

means: to talk about a specific item   [specific - something in particular (only on item)]

Example:
There is a village near my city. The village is beautiful. The village is surrounded by mountains.

[I am only talking about that particular village, not about other villages]

use the upper case when you want to refer the tern exactly as you use at work

link - noun
adj + noun

verb + preposition

meet + with
give + to
Lesson 6: Communication [2021.12.09]

  • What do you understand by communication?

    - to chat with others
- to get information
- sharing ideas/mind
- getting knowledge about something
- learing from others
- sharing your wants/needs

    is conveying our ideas to others in a way that we want

  • What makes communication effective/successful?

    - using body language/gestures
- making points clearly
- speaking slowly
- telling stories/experiences (sharing an example)
- doing research on what someone`s looking for
- using simple statements
- making it interesting
- writing
- listen to others carefully
- tone of our voice (modulating)

  • What modes of communication do you use at work

    How do you talk to others in the office?

    - in-person talk
- chats [exam: QQ, Wechat and so on]
- email
- video conferencing
- phone

  • Is the following true for you?

    • Communication is finished when you have spoken.
    false
Why: other should understand what we`ve said
    • Because you are talking, other people are listening.
    false
Why: sometimes people don`t listen. They`re distracted. So, we have to get their attention
    • Your words have the same meaning for others.
    false
Why: Words can have different meanings for different people.
    • Because you say it, others will remember them.
    false
Why: Sometimes people forget the details
    • Because you say it, others understand.
    false
Why: People may have different understanding
    • What people say is what they really mean.
    false
Why: We don`t konw what they`re thinking
    • Your problems are the most important.
    false
Why: It`s not important for everyone.
    • Because a person takes on a job, that will be done.
    false
Why: It depends on their capability and availability of resources
    • Because no questions are asked, everyone understands.
    false
Why: They don`t konw how/what to ask, they`re just hesitant.

    • Because you cannot answer a question, you lose face

  • Rank the effective communication techniques below in order of important. Justify your ranking.

    • Organise your thoughts

    • Analyse your audience

    • Highlight the positives

    • Do not assume

    • Be empathetic

    • Be clear and concise

    • Avoid jargon

    • Be a good listener

    empathetice - understanding other`s feelings

    There can be more than 1 possible order, as long as you`re able to justify it.

    Take a minute and think about how you want to rank them and give reasons for it.

    - helps us understand what they want.
- serve the client/customers better.
- we don`t konw what they want.
- when communicating we have to...
- Not everyone knows the jargon
Lesson 5: British(UK) and American(USA) - difference in spellings [2021.12.07]
  • Can you guess the British equivalents of these American words? Which one do you use in China?
British American
biscuit cookie
mobile phone cell phone
bathroom/loo/toilet restroom
film movie
cinema movie theater
Secondary school high school
holiday vacation
rubbish garbage
car park parking lot
chips fries
  • Difference in spellings
UK US
-our -or
Favour Favor
Colour Color
Harbour Harbor
Honour Honor
odour (smell) odor
Labour Labor
UK US
-yes -yze
Analyse Analyze
Paralyse (to freeze) Paralyze
UK US
-ize/-ise -ize
Organise Organize
Legalise Legalize
Realise Realize
Moisturise Moisturize
UK US
-ae/-oe -e
Encyclopaedia Encyclopedia
Oesophagus Esophagus
UK US
-ogue -og
Dialogue Dialog
Catalogue Catalog
UK US
-re -er
Metre Meter
Centre Center
Theatre Theater
UK US
-y -i
Tyre Tire
  • Difference in pronunciation

Americans usually pronounce every "r" in a word, while the British pronounce the "r" only when it`s the first letter of a word。

It is difficult to make clear distinctions because of the various dialects within each country.

  • Summary

    - I watch movies, mostly American, on the weekends.
- Will you stress on "r" when you use British English?
- Don`t stress on the syllable "r" when you are speakig to Britishers.

A: Do you speak to British or American clients / colleagues?
B: Yes, I speak to American colleagues. / No, I don`t speak to them but I write emails to them.
Lesson 4: Present simple form [2021.12.02]

  • Questions:

    - What are you doing?
- What is your best friends doing?
- What is your family doing?
- What do you think your manager is doing?

    Answer:

    1. I am listening to the class.
2. They are having dinner. - Present (continue)
3. He is on the way home. - Present (simple)
4. He playing table tennis. - Present (continue)

    When do we use Present simple?

    1. Habits and routine
2. Facts
3. General actions.

  • USAGE

    We use the Present Continuous for:

    - Things happening right now   - I am watching TV.
- Things happening at this general point in time  - He is learning English.

    Examples"

    - I am working.
- She is cooking.
- They are playing.

  • FORM

    To make the present continuous form, we add "-ing" to the verb.

    Example:
  1. "go" + ing = going
  2. "head" + ing = heading

    If the verb ends in a vowel and consonant (like "op" at the end of "shop"), then we have to double the last consonant.

    consonants(辅音字母): b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z [with consonants we add "a"]

    a train
a bus
a man

    Example:
  1. "shop" + ing = shopping, "sit" + ing = sitting

    If the verb ends in a vowel (like "e" at the end of "dance"), then we take the vowel away.

    vowels(元音字母): a, e, i, o, u [we add "an" before a vowel sound]

    an umbrella
an ice cube
an elephant

    Example:
  "dance" + ing = dancing

  • Positive form

    SUBJECT + IS/AM/ARE + ING + OBJECT

    - I am watching TV.
- You are eating lunch.
- We are taking your car.
- They are giving free books.
- He is going to his office.
- She is working in an office.
```

> Example - Let`s make some sentences

```
I am working in the office.
You are speaking fast.
We are playing games.
They are dancing on the ground.

He is singing a song.
She is going shopping.
It is running?
```

  • Negative form

    SUBJECT + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + ING + OBJECT

    - I am not watching TV.
- You are not (aren`t) eating lunch.
- We are not (aren`t) taking your car.
- They are not (aren`t) giving free books.
- He is not (isn`t) going to his office.
- She is not (isn`t) working in an office.

Example

I am not eating food in the class.
You aren`t speaking in the office.
We aren`t dancing in the office.
They aren`t playing piano at night.
He isn`t playing football.
She isn`t going shopping.
It isn`t running perfectly.

It isn`t working.   ==== The computer isn`t working in the office.

  • Question form

    Wh - WORD + IS/ARE + SUBJECT + VERB + ING

    - Are you working?
- Yes, I am working. /No, I am not working

- What is she studying?
- She is studying English.

    Example

    Are/Is you swimming?
Are you kidding?
Are you coding now?

What is she playing?
Where are we going?
What is she testing right now?

  • Choose your job

Choose any one profession, from the list your teacher has shared. Answer the following questions related to that profession.

- What do you do?
- Talk about your daily routine.
- What are you doing now?

Example -- from Manasa - a nurse

I go to the hospital every day. I look after the patients and I give them their medicines. I help the doctor.

I am taking notes from the doctor. I am giving some medicines to the patient. I am answering a few calls. I am changing the beb rolls.

  • Summary

    1. I am asking my students to solve the problems.
2. I am teaching my students to solve the problems.
3. I go to Chancetop for work.
4. I am waiting on the customer fot their order.
5. I`m cooking food at the restaurant.
6. I`m buying some materials.
7. I`m designing a plan for the house.
8. I`m reading books.
9. I`m prescribing medicines to patients.
10. I`m treating patients.
Lesson 3: Form [2021.11.30]

  • When do we use "will"

    1. I will check the Slack message.  --future
2. I will see my family.  --futrue
3. I will prepare test case for issues.  --future

修改后的正确使用：
1. I check the Slack message.  --present
2. I see my family.  --present
3. I prepare test case for issues.  --present

  • Example 1

    Use
 - General action    执行的通用动作
 - Habits and routine   习惯和日常
 - Fact    [true - universal]    [exam: The Sun rises in the east.]  事实，真相；现实
 
Example
 - I live in New York.
 - The Moon goes around the Earth.
 - John drivers a taxi.    [Habits and routine]
 - He does not drive a bus.
 - We do not work at the night.

  • Positive form

    SUBJECT + POSITIVE FORM

    - I watch...        I + verb first form (V1)
- You see..         You + verb
- They go...        We + verb 
- We work           They + verb

- He watches...     He + verb first (V1) - add 's' to the verb
- She sees...       She + verb first (V1) - add 's' to the verb
- It goes...        It + verb first (V1) - add 's' to the verb
- My sister works...

    Example 1

    I see a brid in the sky.
You go to the school.
We go to the park together.
They jump on the ground.

He reads the book in the morning.
She drinks some water.
It looks very nice.

It (animals/objects)

  • Negative form

    SUBJECT + DO NOT / DOES NOT + VERB

    - I do not (don`t) watch...
- You do not (don`t) see...
- They do not (don`t) go...
- We do not (don`t) work...

- He does not (doesn`t) watch...
- She does not (doesn`t) see...
- It does not (doesn`t) go...
- My sister does not (doesn`t) work...

    Example 1

    I don`t drink coffee. / I don`t like running.
You don`t see any bugs. / You don`t go home when you have work.
We don`t go out if he doesn`t come with us. / We don`t paly basketball.
They don`t play basketball in the evening. / They don`t dance on date night.

He doesn`t speak loudly. / He doesn`t play games.
She doesn`t like him. / She doesn`t go shopping.
It doesn`t matter. / It doesn`t raining now.

  • Questions forms

    We use "do" and "does" to make questions in the Present Simple tense.

    - He / She / It - Does
- I / You / We / They - Do

  • Wh - question form:

    Wh - word + do/does + subject + verb

    Example:
- A: Where dou you live?
- B: I live in China.

- A: When does he go to work?
- B: He goes to work at 8 am.

    Wh - words

    What 
Where
When
Why
Who
Whom
Whose
How

    Example 1

    Wh-word + do + I/you/we/they + ...
Where do you come from?
What do we do?
When do you finish your work?

Wh-word + does + He/She/It + ...
Why does he cry?
How does it matter?
Where does it come from?
Who dose it/this job?

  • Yes/No question form:

    Do/Does + subject + verb

    Example:
- A: Do you read book?
- B: Yes, I do./No, I don`t.

- A: Does he like working?
- B: Yes, she does./No, she doesn`t.

- A: Does he play tennis?
- B: Yes, he does./No, he doesn`t.

    Example 1

    Do you have some water with you?
Do we go out skiing?
Do you like running?
Do you like swimming?

Does he like drinking coffee?
Does it write?
Does he play after work?
Does he go to school on foot?

  • Summary

    1. I play with my son/daughter on the weekends.
2. How do you go to work? / How do you get to office?
   I get to work by walk.

3. Do you like going shopping?
   Yes, I like going shopping with my family?
Lesson 2: Email [2021.11.25]

  • Can/Could you tell me...

  • Can you pardon... / Pardon, could you please repeat it?

  • Example:

    This is XXX from ABC company, Am I speaking to XXX?

I`d like to ask about...

I`d like to know more about the work you do.  我想更多地了解你的工作

There are 10 people in my/our team.

See you. (formal[正式] / informal[非正式])

Goodbey/It was nice talking to you./I look forward to speaking with you again.  Goodbey/很高兴和你聊天。/我期待再次与您交谈。

formal  -- when you talk to colleague, someone you don`t known very well.  当你和同事说话时，你不是很了解他们

informal -- friend / family

I`m from...

I come from...

Do you have any more questions for us/me.

We complete a version update every two weeks.

What do you do every day at work.

A: Do you like your work.
B: Yes, I like my work a lot/very much. / Yes, I like it but it could be better.  是的，我非常喜欢我的工作。/是的，我喜欢，但是还可以更好。

  • How do you write emails?

    1. Greetings  问候
2. Opening line  -- a brief line or two telling them what the eamil is about.
3. Details of the emails subject
4. Closing line - scheduling a meeting, telling them when you`d write next.
5. Sign off & signature
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