排序
1. 冒泡排序
function BubbleSort(arr) {
if(arr == null || arr.length <= 0){ return []; }
var len = arr.length;
for(var end = len - 1; end > 0; end--){
for(var i = 0; i < end; i++) {
if(arr[i] > arr[i + 1]){
swap(arr, i, i + 1);
}
}
}
return arr;
}
function swap(arr, i, j){
var temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
2. 选择排序:把最小(大)的数放在头部
function SelectionSort(arr) {
if(arr == null || arr.length <= 0){ return []; }
for(var i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
var minIndex = i;
for(var j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
minIndex = arr[j] < arr[minIndex] ? j : minIndex;
}
swap(arr, i, minIndex);
}
return arr;
}
function swap(arr, i, j){
var temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
3. 插入排序
function insertSort(arr) {
if(arr == null || arr.length <= 0){ return []; }
var len = arr.length;
for(var i = 1; i < len; i++) {
for(var j = i - 1; j >= 0 && arr[j] > arr[j + 1]; j--) {
swap(arr, j, j + 1);
}
}
return arr;
}
function swap(arr, i, j){
var temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
4. 快速排序:随机选值划分大小区,并递归该操作
function quickSort(arr) {
if (arr.length <= 1) { return arr; }
var pivotIndex = Math.floor(arr.length / 2);
var pivot = arr.splice(pivotIndex, 1)[0];
var left = [];
var right = [];
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){
if (arr[i] < pivot) {
left.push(arr[i]);
} else {
right.push(arr[i]);
}
}
return quickSort(left).concat([pivot], quickSort(right));
};
5. 桶排序:数据分配到有限数量的桶里,把非空桶拼接起来
function bucketSort(arr,bucketCount){
result = []
minValue = arr[0]
maxValue = arr[0]
// 找出最大值和最小值,为给每个桶分配大小做准备
for(let i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
if(arr[i]<minValue){
minValue = arr[i]
}
if(arr[i]>maxValue){
maxValue = arr[i]
}
}
// 求得每个桶的size
bucketSize = Math.floor((maxValue-minValue)/bucketCount)+1
bucket = new Array(bucketCount)
for(let i=0;i<bucketCount;i++){
bucket[i] = []
}
// 往桶里放数据
for(let i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
bucket[Math.floor((arr[i]-minValue)/bucketCount)].push(arr[i])
}
// 对每个桶进行单独排序,放进结果数组中
for(let i=0;i<bucketCount;i++){
bucket[i].sort()
for(let j=0;j<bucket[i].length;j++){
result.push(bucket[i][j])
}
}
return result
}
继承
1. 原型链继承(原型中属性会被实例共享)
function Animal() {
this.colors = ['black', 'white']
}
Animal.prototype.getColor = function() {
return this.colors
}
function Dog() {}
Dog.prototype = new Animal()
let dog1 = new Dog()
2. 构造函数继承(只能继承父类构造函数的属性)
function Animal(name) {
this.name = name
this.getName = function() {
return this.name
}
}
function Dog(name) {
Animal.call(this, name)
}
let dog2 = new Dog()
3. 组合继承( 常用,但是调用了两次父类构造函数)
function Animal(name) {
this.name = name
this.colors = ['black', 'white']
}
Animal.prototype.getName = function() {
return this.name
}
function Dog(name, age) {
Animal.call(this, name)
this.age = age
}
Dog.prototype = new Animal()
let dog3 = new Dog('多多', 3)
4. 原型式继承( 复制父类一个实例对象,用函数来包装返回 )
function Animal(name) {
this.name = name
this.colors = ['black', 'white']
}
Animal.prototype.getName = function() {
return this.name
}
function Dog(name){
// 父类实例
let instance = new Animal(name);
instance.name = name || '多多';
return instance;
}
let dog4 = new Dog();
5. 寄生式继承( 基于对象返回的一个新对象 )
function object(o) {
function F(){}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
}
function createAnother(original) {
let clone = object(original);
// 以某种方式来增强这个对象
clone.sayHi = function() {
alert("hi");
}
return clone;
}
var dog = {
name: "Bert",
friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};
var anotherDog = createAnother(dog);
anotherDog.sayHi(); // Hi
6. 寄生组合式继承( 最常用的继承模式 )
function Animal(name) {
this.name = name
this.colors = ['black', 'white']
this.getName = function() {
return this.name
}
}
Animal.prototype.getColor = function() {
return this.colors
}
// 子类
function Dog(name, age) {
Animal.call(this, name)
this.age = age
}
Dog.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype)
Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog
7. extends 继承( ES6 类继承 )
class Animal {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name
}
getName() {
return this.name
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
constructor(name, age) {
super(name)
this.age = age
}
}
常用工具方法
数据类型
Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)
数组去重
let unique = arr => [...new Set(arr)]
时间格式化
const formatData = (fmt,t)=> {
let time = t? new Date(t) : new Date()
var o = {
"M+": time.getMonth() + 1, //月份
"D+": time.getDate(), //日
"h+": time.getHours(), //小时
"m+": time.getMinutes(), //分
"s+": time.getSeconds(), //秒
"q+": Math.floor((time.getMonth() + 3) / 3), //季度
"S": time.getMilliseconds() //毫秒
};
if (/(Y+)/.test(fmt)) {
fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (time.getFullYear() + "").substr(4 - RegExp.$1.length));
}
for (var k in o){
if (new RegExp("(" + k + ")").test(fmt)) {
fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (RegExp.$1.length == 1) ? (o[k]) : (("00" + o[k]).substr(("" + o[k]).length)));
}
}
return fmt;
}
防抖
function debounce(func, wait) {
var timeout;
return function () {
var context = this;
var args = arguments;
clearTimeout(timeout)
timeout = setTimeout(function(){
func.apply(context, args)
}, wait);
}
}
document.getElementById('Button').onclick = debounce(function(){}, 1000)
或:支持立即执行,函数可能有返回值,支持取消功能
function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
var timeout, result;
var debounced = function () {
var context = this;
var args = arguments;
if (timeout) clearTimeout(timeout);
if (immediate) {
// 如果已经执行过,不再执行
var callNow = !timeout;
timeout = setTimeout(function(){
timeout = null;
}, wait)
if (callNow) result = func.apply(context, args)
} else {
timeout = setTimeout(function(){
func.apply(context, args)
}, wait);
}
return result;
};
debounced.cancel = function() {
clearTimeout(timeout);
timeout = null;
};
return debounced;
}
节流
function throttle(func, wait) {
var context, args;
var previous = 0;
return function() {
var now = Date.now();
context = this;
args = arguments;
if (now - previous > wait) {
func.apply(context, args);
previous = now;
}
}
}
URL提取
function queryUrl (url, name) {
var reg = new RegExp("(^|&)" + name + "=([^&]*)(&|$)");
// var reg = new RegExp("(^|&)" + name + "=([^(&|#)]*)(&|#|$)");
var r = url.match(reg);
if (r != null) return decodeURI(r[2]);
return '';
}
URL解析为对象
function parseParam(url) {
const paramsStr = /.+\?(.+)$/.exec(url)[1]; // 将 ? 后面的字符串取出来
const paramsArr = paramsStr.split('&'); // 将字符串以 & 分割后存到数组中
let paramsObj = {};
// 将 params 存到对象中
paramsArr.forEach(param => {
if (/=/.test(param)) { // 处理有 value 的参数
let [key, val] = param.split('='); // 分割 key 和 value
val = decodeURIComponent(val); // 解码
val = /^\d+$/.test(val) ? parseFloat(val) : val; // 判断是否转为数字
if (paramsObj.hasOwnProperty(key)) { // 如果对象有 key,则添加一个值
paramsObj[key] = [].concat(paramsObj[key], val);
} else { // 如果对象没有这个 key,创建 key 并设置值
paramsObj[key] = val;
}
} else { // 处理没有 value 的参数
paramsObj[param] = '';
}
})
return paramsObj;
}
深拷贝
const isObject = (target) => (typeof target === "object" || typeof target === "function") && target !== null;
function deepClone(target, map = new WeakMap()) {
if (map.get(target)) {
return target;
}
// 获取当前值的构造函数:获取它的类型
let constructor = target.constructor;
// 检测当前对象target是否与正则、日期格式对象匹配
if (/^(RegExp|Date)$/i.test(constructor.name)) {
// 创建一个新的特殊对象(正则类/日期类)的实例
return new constructor(target);
}
if (isObject(target)) {
map.set(target, true); // 为循环引用的对象做标记
const cloneTarget = Array.isArray(target) ? [] : {};
for (let prop in target) {
if (target.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
cloneTarget[prop] = deepClone(target[prop], map);
}
}
return cloneTarget;
} else {
return target;
}
}
JSONP
const jsonp = ({ url, params, callbackName }) => {
const generateUrl = () => {
let dataSrc = ''
for (let key in params) {
if (params.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
dataSrc += `${key}=${params[key]}&`
}
}
dataSrc += `callback=${callbackName}`
return `${url}?${dataSrc}`
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const scriptEle = document.createElement('script')
scriptEle.src = generateUrl()
document.body.appendChild(scriptEle)
window[callbackName] = data => {
resolve(data)
document.removeChild(scriptEle)
}
})
}
图片懒加载
var viewHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight;//可视化区域的高度
function lazyload () {
//获取所有要进行懒加载的图片
let eles = document.querySelectorAll('img[data-original][lazyload]');//获取属性名中有data-original的
Array.prototype.forEach.call(eles, function(item, index) {
let rect;
if(item.dataset.original === '') {
return;
}
rect = item.getBoundingClientRect();
//图片一进入可视区,动态加载
if(rect.bottom >= 0 && rect.top < viewHeight) {
!function () {
let img = new Image();
img.src = item.dataset.original;
img.onload = function () {
item.src = img.src;
}
item.removeAttribute('data-original');
item.removeAttribute('lazyload');
}();
}
})
}
lazyload();
document.addEventListener('scroll', lazyload);
功能实现
trim
String.prototype.trim = function () {
return this.replace(/(^\s*)|(\s*$)/g, "");
}
new
function New (Fn, ...arg) {
// 一个新的对象被创建
const result = {};
// 该对象的__proto__属性指向该构造函数的原型
if (Fn.prototype !== null) {
// Object.setPrototypeOf(result, Fn.prototype);
result.__proto__ = Fn.prototype;
}
// 将执行上下文(this)绑定到新创建的对象中
const returnResult = Fn.apply(result, arg);
// 如果构造函数有返回值,那么这个返回值将取代第一步中新创建的对象。否则返回该对象
if ((typeof returnResult === "object" || typeof returnResult === "function") && returnResult !== null) {
return returnResult;
}
return result;
}
call、bind
Function.prototype.call1 = function (context, ...args) {
// 获取第一个参数(注意第一个参数为null或undefined是,this指向window),构建对象
context = context ? Object(context) : window;
// 将对应函数传入该对象中
context.fn = this;
// 获取参数并执行相应函数
let result = context.fn(...args);
delete context.fn;
return result;
}
Function.prototype.bind1 = function (context, ...args) {
if (typeof this !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError('The bound object needs to be a function');
}
const self = this;
const fNOP = function() {};
const fBound = function(...fBoundArgs) {
// 指定this
// 当作为构造函数时,this 指向实例,此时 this instanceof fBound 结果为 true
return self.apply(this instanceof fNOP ? this : context, [...args, ...fBoundArgs]);
}
// 修改返回函数的 prototype 为绑定函数的 prototype,为了避免直接修改this的原型,所以新建了一个fNOP函数作为中介
if (this.prototype) {
fNOP.prototype = this.prototype;
}
fBound.prototype = new fNOP();
return fBound;
}
数组 Flat
function flatten(arr) {
var result = [];
for (var i = 0, len = arr.length; i < len; i++) {
if (Array.isArray(arr[i])) {
result = result.concat(flatten(arr[i]))
} else {
result.push(arr[i])
}
}
return result;
}
forEach
Array.prototype.forEach1 = function(callback, thisArg) {
if (this == null) {
throw new TypeError('this is null or not defined')
}
if (typeof callback !== "function") {
throw new TypeError(callback + ' is not a function')
}
const O = Object(this) // this 就是当前的数组
const len = O.length >>> 0 // 后面有解释
let k = 0
while (k < len) {
if (k in O) {
callback.call(thisArg, O[k], k, O);
}
k++;
}
}
数组 map
Array.prototype.map1 = function(fn) {
// 判断输入的第一个参数是不是函数
if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError(fn + 'is not a function');
}
// 获取需要处理的数组内容
const arr = this;
const len = arr.length;
// 新建一个空数组用于装载新的内容
const temp = new Array(len);
// 对数组中每个值进行处理
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
// 获取第二个参数,改变this指向
let result = fn.call(arguments[1], arr[i], i, arr);
temp[i] = result;
}
// 返回新的结果
return temp;
}
Object.assign
Object.assign1 = function(target, ...source) {
if (target == null) {
throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object')
}
let ret = Object(target)
source.forEach(function(obj) {
if (obj != null) {
for (let key in obj) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
ret[key] = obj[key]
}
}
}
})
return ret
}
Object.create
Object.prototype.create1 = function (proto, propertyObject = undefined) {
if (typeof proto !== 'object' && typeof proto !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError('Object prototype may only be an Object or null.')
if (propertyObject == null) {
new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object')
}
function F() {}
F.prototype = proto
const obj = new F()
if (propertyObject != undefined) {
Object.defineProperties(obj, propertyObject)
}
if (proto === null) {
// 创建一个没有原型对象的对象,Object.create(null)
obj.__proto__ = null
}
return obj
}
实现 Promise
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class Promise {
constructor(executor) {
this.status = PENDING;
this.value = undefined;
this.reason = undefined;
this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
let resolve = (value) = > {
if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED;
this.value = value;
this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach((fn) = > fn());
}
};
let reject = (reason) = > {
if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED;
this.reason = reason;
this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach((fn) = > fn());
}
};
try {
executor(resolve, reject);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 解决 onFufilled,onRejected 没有传值的问题
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === "function" ? onFulfilled : (v) = > v;
// 因为错误的值要让后面访问到,所以这里也要抛出错误,不然会在之后 then 的 resolve 中捕获
onRejected = typeof onRejected === "function" ? onRejected : (err) = > {
throw err;
};
// 每次调用 then 都返回一个新的 promise
let promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) = > {
if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
//Promise/A+ 2.2.4 --- setTimeout
setTimeout(() = > {
try {
let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
// x可能是一个proimise
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (e) {
reject(e);
}
}, 0);
}
if (this.status === REJECTED) {
//Promise/A+ 2.2.3
setTimeout(() = > {
try {
let x = onRejected(this.reason);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (e) {
reject(e);
}
}, 0);
}
if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() = > {
setTimeout(() = > {
try {
let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (e) {
reject(e);
}
}, 0);
});
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() = > {
setTimeout(() = > {
try {
let x = onRejected(this.reason);
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (e) {
reject(e);
}
}, 0);
});
}
});
return promise2;
}
}
const resolvePromise = (promise2, x, resolve, reject) = > {
// 自己等待自己完成是错误的实现,用一个类型错误,结束掉 promise Promise/A+ 2.3.1
if (promise2 === x) {
return reject(
new TypeError("Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>"));
}
// Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3.3 只能调用一次
let called;
// 后续的条件要严格判断 保证代码能和别的库一起使用
if ((typeof x === "object" && x != null) || typeof x === "function") {
try {
// 为了判断 resolve 过的就不用再 reject 了(比如 reject 和 resolve 同时调用的时候) Promise/A+ 2.3.3.1
let then = x.then;
if (typeof then === "function") {
// 不要写成 x.then,直接 then.call 就可以了 因为 x.then 会再次取值,Object.defineProperty Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3
then.call(
x, (y) = > {
// 根据 promise 的状态决定是成功还是失败
if (called) return;
called = true;
// 递归解析的过程(因为可能 promise 中还有 promise) Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3.1
resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
}, (r) = > {
// 只要失败就失败 Promise/A+ 2.3.3.3.2
if (called) return;
called = true;
reject(r);
});
} else {
// 如果 x.then 是个普通值就直接返回 resolve 作为结果 Promise/A+ 2.3.3.4
resolve(x);
}
} catch (e) {
// Promise/A+ 2.3.3.2
if (called) return;
called = true;
reject(e);
}
} else {
// 如果 x 是个普通值就直接返回 resolve 作为结果 Promise/A+ 2.3.4
resolve(x);
}
};
Promise.all
Promise.all = function(promiseArr) {
let index = 0, result = []
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
promiseArr.forEach((p, i) => {
Promise.resolve(p).then(val => {
index++
result[i] = val
if (index === promiseArr.length) {
resolve(result)
}
}, err => {
reject(err)
})
})
})
}
Promise.race
Promise.race = function(promiseArr) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
promiseArr.forEach(p => {
Promise.resolve(p).then(val => {
resolve(val)
}, err => {
rejecte(err)
})
})
})
}
Promise.finally
Promise.finally = function(onFinally) {
return this.then(
res => Promise.resolve(onFinally()).then(() => res),
err => Promise.resolve(onFinally()).then(() => { throw err; })
);
};
设计模式
发布订阅
class EventEmitter {
constructor() {
this.cache = {}
}
on(name, fn) {
if (this.cache[name]) {
this.cache[name].push(fn)
} else {
this.cache[name] = [fn]
}
}
off(name, fn) {
let tasks = this.cache[name]
if (tasks) {
const index = tasks.findIndex(f => f === fn || f.callback === fn)
if (index >= 0) {
tasks.splice(index, 1)
}
}
}
emit(name, once = false, ...args) {
if (this.cache[name]) {
// 创建副本,如果回调函数内继续注册相同事件,会造成死循环
let tasks = this.cache[name].slice()
for (let fn of tasks) {
fn(...args)
}
if (once) {
delete this.cache[name]
}
}
}
}
// 测试
let eventBus = new EventEmitter()
let fn1 = function(name, age) {
console.log(`${name} ${age}`)
}
let fn2 = function(name, age) {
console.log(`hello, ${name} ${age}`)
}
eventBus.on('aaa', fn1)
eventBus.on('aaa', fn2)
eventBus.emit('aaa', false, '布兰', 12)
// '布兰 12'
// 'hello, 布兰 12'
参考 死磕36个JS手写题