快慢指针指的是定义两个指针,这两个指针的移动速度一块一慢,以此来制造出自己想要的差值,这个差值可以让我们找到链表上相应的结点。一般情况下,快指针的移动步长为慢指针的两倍
-- 中间值问题:
利用快慢指针,我们把一个链表看成一个跑道,假设a的速度是b的两倍,那么当a跑完全程后,b刚好跑一半,以 此来
达到找到中间节点的目的。
-- 如下图,最开始,slow与fast指针都指向链表第一个节点,然后slow每次移动一个指针,fast每次移动两个指针。
-- 代码:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建新节点
Node<String> first = new Node<String>("aa", null);
Node<String> second = new Node<String>("bb", null);
Node<String> third = new Node<String>("cc", null);
Node<String> fourth = new Node<String>("dd", null);
Node<String> fifth = new Node<String>("ee", null);
Node<String> six = new Node<String>("ff", null);
Node<String> seven = new Node<String>("gg", null);
// 完成结点的指向
first.next = second;
second.next = third;
third.next = fourth;
fourth.next = fifth;
fifth.next = six;
six.next = seven;
// 查找中间值
String mid = getMid(first);
System.out.println("中间值为:" + mid);
}
/**
*
* @param first 首结点
* @return 返回中间值
*/
public static String getMid(Node<String> first) {
// 定义快慢指针刚开始,它们都在指向头结点
Node<String> slow = first;
Node<String> fast = first;
// 快慢指针开始移动
while(fast != null && fast.next != null) {
fast = fast.next.next;
slow = slow.next;
}
// 快指针到达末尾后,慢指针就是中间值
return slow.item;
}
//结点类
private static class Node<T> {
//存储数据
T item;
//下一个结点
Node next;
public Node(T item, Node next) {
this.item = item;
this.next = next;
}
}
}
-- 运行效果图:
-- 是否有环问题:
使用快慢指针的思想,还是把链表比作一条跑道,链表中有环,那么这条跑道就是一条圆环跑道,
在一条圆环跑道 中,两个人有速度差,那么迟早两个人会相遇,只要相遇那么就说明有环。
-- 代码:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建新节点
Node<String> first = new Node<String>("aa", null);
Node<String> second = new Node<String>("bb", null);
Node<String> third = new Node<String>("cc", null);
Node<String> fourth = new Node<String>("dd", null);
Node<String> fifth = new Node<String>("ee", null);
Node<String> six = new Node<String>("ff", null);
Node<String> seven = new Node<String>("gg", null);
//完成结点之间的指向
first.next = second;
second.next = third;
third.next = fourth;
fourth.next = fifth;
fifth.next = six;
six.next = seven;
//产生环
seven.next = third;
//判断链表是否有环
boolean circle = isCircle(first);
System.out.println(circle);
}
/**
*
* @param first 首结点
* @return 返回中间值
*/
public static boolean isCircle(Node<String> first) {
// 定义快慢指针刚开始,它们都在指向头结点
Node<String> slow = first;
Node<String> fast = first;
// 快慢指针开始移动
while(fast != null && fast.next != null) {
fast = fast.next.next;
slow = slow.next;
if(fast.equals(slow)) {
// 如果它们相遇就证明有环、返回true
return true;
}
}
// 没有环返回false
return false;
}
//结点类
private static class Node<T> {
//存储数据
T item;
//下一个结点
Node next;
public Node(T item, Node next) {
this.item = item;
this.next = next;
}
}
}
-- 运行结果
-- 环入口问题:
当快慢指针相遇时,我们可以判断到链表中有环,这时重新设定一个新指针指向链表的起点,
且步长与慢指针一样 为1,则慢指针与“新”指针相遇的地方就是环的入口。证明这一结论牵涉
到数论的知识,这里略,只讲实现。
-- 代码:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建新节点
Node<String> first = new Node<String>("aa", null);
Node<String> second = new Node<String>("bb", null);
Node<String> third = new Node<String>("cc", null);
Node<String> fourth = new Node<String>("dd", null);
Node<String> fifth = new Node<String>("ee", null);
Node<String> six = new Node<String>("ff", null);
Node<String> seven = new Node<String>("gg", null);
//完成结点之间的指向
first.next = second;
second.next = third;
third.next = fourth;
fourth.next = fifth;
fifth.next = six;
six.next = seven;
//产生环
seven.next = third;
//查找环的入口结点
Node<String> entrance = getEntrance(first);
System.out.println("first链表中环的入口结点元素为:"+entrance.item);
}
/**
*
* @param first 首结点
* @return 返回中间值
*/
public static Node getEntrance(Node<String> first) {
// 定义快慢指针刚开始它们都在指向头结点
Node<String> slow = first;
Node<String> fast = first;
// 当快慢指针相遇,则让这个移动用于查找环入口
Node<String> temp = null;
// 快慢指针开始移动
while(fast != null && fast.next != null) {
fast = fast.next.next;
slow = slow.next;
if(fast.equals(slow)) {
// 如果它们相遇就证明有环、返回true
temp = first;
continue;
}
if(temp != null) {
temp = temp.next;
if(temp.equals(slow)) {
return temp;
}
}
}
// 没有找到环入口
return null;
}
//结点类
private static class Node<T> {
//存储数据
T item;
//下一个结点
Node next;
public Node(T item, Node next) {
this.item = item;
this.next = next;
}
}
}
-- 运行效果图:
@ 以上内容属于个人笔记