集合简介

• 一种无序且唯一的数据结构。
• ES6 中有集合，名为Set
• 常用操作：去重、判断元素是否在集合中、求交集、求差集...

// 去重
let arr = [1, 1, 2, 2, 33];
let brr = [...new Set(arr)];
console.log(brr);

// 判断元素是否存在
const s = new Set(arr);
console.log(s.has(1));

// 交集
let s1 = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
let s2 = new Set([1, 2, 6, 7]);

console.log(new Set([...s1].filter((i) => s2.has(i))));

leetcode-cn.com 算法题实战

完整题目请打开 leetcode

解题思路

• 求交集且无序唯一
• 使用集合

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums1
 * @param {number[]} nums2
 * @return {number[]}
 */
 var intersection = function(nums1, nums2) {
   
 
    return [...new Set(nums2)].filter(i => nums1?.includes(i));
};

ES6 Set的使用

使用Set

let mySet = new Set();

mySet.add(1); // Set [ 1 ]
mySet.add(5); // Set [ 1, 5 ]
mySet.add(5); // Set [ 1, 5 ]
mySet.add("some text"); // Set [ 1, 5, "some text" ]
let o = {a: 1, b: 2};
mySet.add(o);

mySet.add({a: 1, b: 2}); // o 指向的是不同的对象，所以没问题

mySet.has(1); // true
mySet.has(3); // false
mySet.has(5);              // true
mySet.has(Math.sqrt(25));  // true
mySet.has("Some Text".toLowerCase()); // true
mySet.has(o); // true

mySet.size; // 5

mySet.delete(5);  // true,  从set中移除5
mySet.has(5);     // false, 5已经被移除

mySet.size; // 4, 刚刚移除一个值

console.log(mySet);
// logs Set(4) [ 1, "some text", {…}, {…} ] in Firefox
// logs Set(4) { 1, "some text", {…}, {…} } in Chrome

迭代Set

// 迭代整个set
// 按顺序输出：1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}
for (let item of mySet) console.log(item);

// 按顺序输出：1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}
for (let item of mySet.keys()) console.log(item);

// 按顺序输出：1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}
for (let item of mySet.values()) console.log(item);

// 按顺序输出：1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}
//(键与值相等)
for (let [key, value] of mySet.entries()) console.log(key);

// 使用 Array.from 转换Set为Array
var myArr = Array.from(mySet); // [1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}]

// 如果在HTML文档中工作，也可以：
mySet.add(document.body);
mySet.has(document.querySelector("body")); // true

// Set 和 Array互换
mySet2 = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
mySet2.size;               // 4
[...mySet2];               // [1,2,3,4]

// 可以通过如下代码模拟求交集
let intersection = new Set([...set1].filter(x => set2.has(x)));

// 可以通过如下代码模拟求差集
let difference = new Set([...set1].filter(x => !set2.has(x)));

// 用forEach迭代
mySet.forEach(function(value) {
  console.log(value);
});

// 1
// 2
// 3
// 4

实现基本集合操作

function isSuperset(set, subset) {
    for (let elem of subset) {
        if (!set.has(elem)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

function union(setA, setB) {
    let _union = new Set(setA);
    for (let elem of setB) {
        _union.add(elem);
    }
    return _union;
}

function intersection(setA, setB) {
    let _intersection = new Set();
    for (let elem of setB) {
        if (setA.has(elem)) {
            _intersection.add(elem);
        }
    }
    return _intersection;
}

function symmetricDifference(setA, setB) {
    let _difference = new Set(setA);
    for (let elem of setB) {
        if (_difference.has(elem)) {
            _difference.delete(elem);
        } else {
            _difference.add(elem);
        }
    }
    return _difference;
}

function difference(setA, setB) {
    let _difference = new Set(setA);
    for (let elem of setB) {
        _difference.delete(elem);
    }
    return _difference;
}

//Examples
let setA = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]),
    setB = new Set([2, 3]),
    setC = new Set([3, 4, 5, 6]);

isSuperset(setA, setB);          // => true
union(setA, setC);               // => Set [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
intersection(setA, setC);        // => Set [3, 4]
symmetricDifference(setA, setC); // => Set [1, 2, 5, 6]
difference(setA, setC);  

Array 相关

let myArray = ["value1", "value2", "value3"];

// 用Set构造器将Array转换为Set
let mySet = new Set(myArray);

mySet.has("value1"); // returns true

// 用...(展开操作符)操作符将Set转换为Array
console.log([...mySet]); // 与myArray完全一致

数组去重

// Use to remove duplicate elements from the array
const numbers = [2,3,4,4,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,5,32,3,4,5]
console.log([...new Set(numbers)])
// [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32]

String 相关

let text = 'India';

let mySet = new Set(text);  // Set {'I', 'n', 'd', 'i', 'a'}
mySet.size;  // 5

// 大小写敏感 & duplicate ommision
new Set("Firefox")  // Set(7) [ "F", "i", "r", "e", "f", "o", "x" ]
new Set("firefox")  // Set(6) [ "f", "i", "r", "e", "o", "x" ]

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