后端项目搭建技术选型技术名称说明 Web层借助springmvc接收请求，进行视图跳转 Service层借助sp

技术选型

技术名称	说明
Web层	借助springmvc接收请求，进行视图跳转
Service层	借助spring进行IOC、AOP、及事务管理
dao层	借助mybatis进行数据库交互
EasyCode插件	IDEA快速生成实体类的插件
Zookeeper	服务注册与服务发现
Dubbo	分布式框架，远程RPC调用
Redis	内存数据库，缓存
Lombok	消除实体类中冗余的get和set
SpringSocial	SpringSocial (Spring社交)，简单理解就是和第三方应用打交道，微信登录用

项目开发环境

开发工具
- 后端: IDEA 2019
- 前端: VS code
- 数据库客户端工具: SQLYog
开发环境
- JDK 11
- Maven 3.6.3
- MySQL 5.7
- Zookeeper 3.6.0
- Dubbo 2.5.7
- Redis 5.0.4

开发后端服务接口

我们采用前后端分离的开发模式，先开发后端服务接口，测试成功，再开发前端vue界面，最后进行前后端联调，项目上线

项目结构与命名

单一架构：

分布式架构：

后端项目架构，我们采用dubbo的生产者和消费者的理论，创建服务提供方和服务消费方两个工程，通过maven聚合工程来搭建，模块划分如下：
- 服务提供
  - lagou-edu-parent：pom聚合父工程，统一依赖设置
  - lagou-edu-entity：jar工程，封装实体类
  - lagou-edu-dao：jar工程，封装与数据库打交道的部分
  - lagou-edu-service：web工程，暴露服务的接口和实现
- 服务消费
  - lagou-edu-web：web工程，接收前端工程发来的请求，远程调用服务并消费

URL命名

查询：http://localhost:8002/course/getList --- get开头
保存：http://localhost:8002/course/saveXx --- save开头
更新：http://localhost:8002/course/updateXx --- update开头

接口响应格式

/**
    数据传输对象
*/
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class ResponseDTO<T> implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private int state; // 操作状态
    private String message; // 状态描述
    private T content; // 相应内容
}

pom.xml

<properties>
    <spring.version>5.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Mybatis -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 连接池 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 数据库 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.32</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--dubbo -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--zookeeper -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
        <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--zookeeper客户端 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
        <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
        <version>0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javassist</groupId>
        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
        <version>3.11.0.GA</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- fastjson -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.47</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- junit -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring操作redis的工具类-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--redis客户端-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
        <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--json解析工具-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        <version>2.9.8</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

lagou-edu-entity

lombok小辣椒，使用注解取代原来冗余的get和set，空构造，全参数构造

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.12</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

@Data //get和set都全部生成了
@AllArgsConstructor //生成全参数的构造方法
@NoArgsConstructor //生成空构造方法
@ToString // 生成toString方法

lagou-edu-dao

mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- 后台的日志输出：针对开发者-->
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>
</configuration>

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--1.扫描包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="mapper"/>
    <!--2.数据连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.204.141:3306/edu?serverTimezone=GMT"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123123"/>
        <property name="maxActive" value="10"/>
        <property name="minIdle" value="5"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!--3.sqlsessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>
    <!--4.事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
    class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--5.开启事务-->
    <tx:annotation-driven/>
    
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="mapper"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

lagou-edu-service

spring-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!--1.服务提供方在zookeeper中的“别名”-->
    <dubbo:application name="edu-service"/>
    <!--2.注册中心的地址-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.204.141:2181"/>
    <!--3.扫描类（将什么包下的类作为服务提供类）-->
    <dubbo:annotation package="com.lagou"/>
    
    <dubbo:provider timeout="60000"/>

    <bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate">
        <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory">
        <property name="hostName" value="192.168.204.141"></property>
        <property name="port" value="6379"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath*:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

tomcat插件

<packaging>war</packaging>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <port>8001</port>
                <path>/</path>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <!-- 打包完成后,运行服务 -->
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>run</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

lagou-edu-web

spring-consumer.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!--json转换器-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes" value="application/json"/>
                <property name="features">
                    <array>
                        <value>WriteMapNullValue</value>
                        <value>WriteDateUseDateFormat</value>
                    </array>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
    
    <!--1.服务提供方在zookeeper中的“别名”-->
    <dubbo:application name="edu-web"/>
    <!--2.注册中心的地址-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.204.141:2181"/>
    <!--3.扫描类（将什么包下的类作为消费类）-->
    <dubbo:annotation package="com.lagou"/>

</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
    <!-- 解决post乱码 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>charset</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>charset</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--跨域配置-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>corsFitler</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.thetransactioncompany.cors.CORSFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>corsFitler</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-consumer.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

tomcat插件

<packaging>war</packaging>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <port>8002</port>
                <path>/</path>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <!-- 打包完成后,运行服务 -->
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>run</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>