Object.setPrototypeOf()

Object.setPrototypeOf() 方法设置一个指定的对象的原型 ( 即, 内部[[Prototype]]属性）到另一个对象或 null。

var dict = Object.setPrototypeOf({}, null);

if (!Object.setPrototypeOf) {
    // 仅适用于Chrome和FireFox，在IE中不工作：
     Object.prototype.setPrototypeOf = function(obj, proto) {
         if(obj.__proto__) {
             obj.__proto__ = proto;
             return obj;
         } else {
             // 如果你想返回 prototype of Object.create(null):
             var Fn = function() {
                 for (var key in obj) {
                     Object.defineProperty(this, key, {
                         value: obj[key],
                     });
                 }
             };
             Fn.prototype = proto;
             return new Fn();
         }
     }
}

附加原型链

通过 Object.getPrototypeOf() 和 Object.prototype.__proto__ 的组合允许将一个原型链完整的附加到一个新的原型对象上：

/**
*** Object.appendChain(@object, @prototype)
*
* Appends the first non-native prototype of a chain to a new prototype.
* Returns @object (if it was a primitive value it will transformed into an object).
*
*** Object.appendChain(@object [, "@arg_name_1", "@arg_name_2", "@arg_name_3", "..."], "@function_body")
*** Object.appendChain(@object [, "@arg_name_1, @arg_name_2, @arg_name_3, ..."], "@function_body")
*
* Appends the first non-native prototype of a chain to the native Function.prototype object, then appends a
* new Function(["@arg"(s)], "@function_body") to that chain.
* Returns the function.
*
**/

Object.appendChain = function(oChain, oProto) {
  if (arguments.length < 2) {
    throw new TypeError('Object.appendChain - Not enough arguments');
  }
  if (typeof oProto === 'number' || typeof oProto === 'boolean') {
    throw new TypeError('second argument to Object.appendChain must be an object or a string');
  }

  var oNewProto = oProto,
      oReturn,
      o2nd,
      oLast;

  oReturn = o2nd = oLast = oChain instanceof this ? oChain : new oChain.constructor(oChain);

  for (var o1st = this.getPrototypeOf(o2nd);
    o1st !== Object.prototype && o1st !== Function.prototype;
    o1st = this.getPrototypeOf(o2nd)
  ) {
    o2nd = o1st;
  }

  if (oProto.constructor === String) {
    oNewProto = Function.prototype;
    oReturn = Function.apply(null, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
    this.setPrototypeOf(oReturn, oLast);
  }

  this.setPrototypeOf(o2nd, oNewProto);
  return oReturn;
}

使用

例子一：向一个原型附加一个链

function Mammal() {
  this.isMammal = 'yes';
}

function MammalSpecies(sMammalSpecies) {
  this.species = sMammalSpecies;
}

MammalSpecies.prototype = new Mammal();
MammalSpecies.prototype.constructor = MammalSpecies;

var oCat = new MammalSpecies('Felis');

console.log(oCat.isMammal);
// 'yes'

function Animal() {
  this.breathing = 'yes';
}

Object.appendChain(oCat, new Animal());

console.log(oCat.breathing);
// 'yes'

例子二：将一个基本类型转化为对应的对象类型并添加到原型链上

function Symbol() {
  this.isSymbol = 'yes';
}

var nPrime = 17;

console.log(typeof nPrime); // 'number'

var oPrime = Object.appendChain(nPrime, new Symbol());

console.log(oPrime); // '17'
console.log(oPrime.isSymbol); // 'yes'
console.log(typeof oPrime); // 'object'

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例子三：给函数类型的对象添加一个链，并添加一个新的方法到那个链上

function Person(sName) {
  this.identity = sName;
}

var george = Object.appendChain(new Person('George'), 'console.log("Hello guys!!");');

console.log(george.identity); // 'George'
george(); // 'Hello guys!!'

Object.assign()

Object.assign() 方法用于将所有可枚举属性的值从一个或多个源对象分配到目标对象。它将返回目标对象。

if (typeof Object.assign !== 'function') {
  // Must be writable: true, enumerable: false, configurable: true
  Object.defineProperty(Object, "assign", {
    value: function assign(target, varArgs) { // .length of function is 2
      'use strict';
      if (target === null || target === undefined) {
        throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object');
      }

      var to = Object(target);

      for (var index = 1; index < arguments.length; index++) {
        var nextSource = arguments[index];

        if (nextSource !== null && nextSource !== undefined) {
          for (var nextKey in nextSource) {
            // Avoid bugs when hasOwnProperty is shadowed
            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(nextSource, nextKey)) {
              to[nextKey] = nextSource[nextKey];
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return to;
    },
    writable: true,
    configurable: true
  });
}

深拷贝问题

针对深拷贝，需要使用其他办法，因为 Object.assign()拷贝的是（可枚举）属性值。

假如源值是一个对象的引用，它仅仅会复制其引用值。

合并具有相同属性的对象

const o1 = { a: 1, b: 1, c: 1 };
const o2 = { b: 2, c: 2 };
const o3 = { c: 3 };

const obj = Object.assign({}, o1, o2, o3);
console.log(obj); // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

立即执行函数

    var Browser = (function () {
        function Browser() {
            this.firefox = false;
            this.ie = false;
            this.edge = false;
            this.newEdge = false;
            this.weChat = false;
        }
        return Browser;
    }());
    
   this.browser = new Browser();

javascript api