文章目录
1. 概述
Spring MVC中需要配置本地的Tomcat服务器,项目才能够在服务器上运行。而在Spring Boot中并没有配置本地的服务器,同样也可以运行项目。这是因为Spring Boot内置了Tomcat容器,创建Spring Boot项目时,pom.xml中的依赖项只需要引入下面的starter即可:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
而spring-boot-starter-web中就引入了Tomcat相关的依赖,所以无需额外的配置就可以使用Spring Boot内置的Tomcat。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
具体的依赖图如下:
2. 定制和修改配置
既然Spring Boot内置了Tomcat容器,并且在项目启动的时候就创建了容器供程序使用,那么能否修改容器相关的配置呢?当然是可以的,修改的方法有如下两种:
2.1 修改配置文件
server.port=8081
server.context‐path=/crud
server.tomcat.uri‐encoding=UTF‐8
//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx
application.xml中修改server.xxxx本质上修改的是ServerProperties类中的属性,它的定义如下
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties
implements EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {}
类中的Tomcat属性实际上是new了一个Tomcat对象:
private final Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
Tomcat是它的一个静态内部类,定义如下:
public static class Tomcat {
private final Accesslog accesslog = new Accesslog();
private String internalProxies = "10\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|" // 10/8
+ "192\\.168\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|" // 192.168/16
+ "169\\.254\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|" // 169.254/16
+ "127\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|" // 127/8
+ "172\\.1[6-9]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|" // 172.16/12
+ "172\\.2[0-9]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}|"
+ "172\\.3[0-1]{1}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}";
private String protocolHeader;
private String protocolHeaderHttpsValue = "https";
private String portHeader = "X-Forwarded-Port";
private String remoteIpHeader;
private File basedir;
private int backgroundProcessorDelay = 30;
private int maxThreads = 0;
private int minSpareThreads = 0;
private int maxHttpPostSize = 0;
private int maxHttpHeaderSize = 0;
private Boolean redirectContextRoot;
private Charset uriEncoding;
private int maxConnections = 0;
private int acceptCount = 0;
...
}
Tomcat类中定义了如上所示的多个配置属性,在配置文件中通过server.tomcat.xxx就可以进行Tomcat相关配置的修改。
2.2 自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomize
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomize是嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器,通过它可以修改Servlet容器的配置。由上面可知ServerProperties类本身也是实现了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer接口,因此,我们也可以通过接口的实现类来修改容器的配置。接口的定义如下:
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer {
/**
* Customize the specified {@link ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer}.
* @param container the container to customize
*/
void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container);
}
实现这个接口只需要重写其中的customize()即可。
@Bean
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
container.setPort(8083);
}
};
}
注意一定要使用@Bean将其加入到容器中。例如,上面重新设置了Tomcat的启动端口,项目启动后控制台输出:
2020-06-18 15:09:32.050 INFO 9776 s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8083 (http)
3. 注册Servlet三大组件
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,从而最终启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。注册三大组件用以下方式:
- ServletRegistrationBean
- FilterRegistrationBean
- ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Configuration
public class MyServerConfig {
//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet() {
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(), "/myServlet");
registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
return registrationBean;
}
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter() {
FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello", "/myServlet"));
return registrationBean;
}
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener() {
ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
return registrationBean;
}
}
当注册之后,重新启动项目,控制台输出如下信息。从中可以看出,自定义的Sevlert和Filter已经被成功的注册到了Spring Boot的ioc容器中。
4. DispatcherServlet的自动配置
上面实现了定制的Servlet容器,并注册了Servlet相关的三大组件,那么Spring Boot是否也是使用同样的方法来进行注册的呢?答案当然是肯定的!例如,SpringBoot帮我们自动配置SpringMVC的时候,就会自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet。找到它对应的实现类DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,其中有个静态内部类DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration,类中的方法dispatcherServletRegistration()就是用来注册DispatcherServlet,方式和上面讲到的是一样的。
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(
this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
return registration;
}
4. 其他Servlet容器
前面定制Servlet容器时使用的ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer,而它是一个接口,接口的实现类有:
它包含有:
TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
-JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactoryUndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
通过这三个工厂方法类就可以创建相应的Servlet容器,那么如何切换为其他的容器呢?前面说到,Spring Boot默认使用Tomcat是因为引入的依赖spring-boot-starter-web本身又依赖spring-boot-starter-tomcat,因此它默认使用Tomcat容器。
而容器间的切换,同样也可以通过修改pom.xml中的依赖来解决。例如,使用Jetty容器只需要将默认的Tomcat排除出去,然后导入Jetty相关的依赖即可。
<!‐‐ 引入web模块 ‐‐>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
<!‐‐ 排除使用Tomcat ‐‐>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!‐‐ 引入其他的Servlet容器 ‐‐>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jetty</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
同样可以切换为Undertow:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐undertow</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
5. 嵌入式Servlet容器的自动配置原理
首先找到相关的类定义,源码定义如下:
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {}
其中@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)表示导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar,它用于向容器中导入一些组件。它实际导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:后置处理器,用于在bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作。
其中有关Tomcat容器的源码如下:
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })用于判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖,即前面说到容器切换时相关的依赖项。@ConditionalOnMissingBean判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory,即嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂。
其中,EmbeddedServletContainerFactory定义如下:
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}
getEmbeddedServletContainer()用于获取嵌入式的Servlet容器,返回的是EmbeddedServletContainer,它是一个接口,对应的实现类有:
因此,使用相应的实现类就可以获取到不同的Servlet容器。以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactor为例看一下如何功通过工厂来获取容器。
@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
// 创建一个Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
// 配置Tomcat的基本环节
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
//将配置好的Tomcat作为getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer的方法参数,得到一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}
getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer()接收一个Tomcat对象,最后调用TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer的构造方法来返回TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer实例。
protected TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(Tomcat tomcat) {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0);
}
对应的构造方法如下,初始化完相关的属性后调用了initialize()
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
this.tomcat = tomcat;
this.autoStart = autoStart;
initialize();
}
initialize()的定义如下:
private void initialize() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException {
TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
synchronized (this.monitor) {
try {
addInstanceIdToEngineName();
try {
// Remove service connectors to that protocol binding doesn't happen
// yet
removeServiceConnectors();
// Start the server to trigger initialization listeners
this.tomcat.start();
// We can re-throw failure exception directly in the main thread
rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
Context context = findContext();
try {
ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, getNamingToken(context),
getClass().getClassLoader());
}
catch (NamingException ex) {
// Naming is not enabled. Continue
}
// Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a
// blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown
startDaemonAwaitThread();
}
catch (Exception ex) {
containerCounter.decrementAndGet();
throw ex;
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new EmbeddedServletContainerException(
"Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
}
}
}
其中最重要的就是调用了start()开启了Tomcat容器。
至此,我们知道了Spring Boot如何自动配置Servlet容器。那么前面定制的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer中对于配置的修改是如何生效的呢?前面讲到定制器导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor,,源码如下:
public class EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
implements BeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware {
private ListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
private List<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> customizers;
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
Assert.isInstanceOf(ListableBeanFactory.class, beanFactory,
"EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor can only be used "
+ "with a ListableBeanFactory");
this.beanFactory = (ListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
}
// 初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
//从容器中获取所有这个类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
//定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
this.beanFactory
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}
}
总结一下,Servlet容器自动配置的步骤为:
- SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应EmbeddedServletContainerFactory,如TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
- 容器中某个组件要创建对象就会调用后置处理器EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作; - 后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法
6. 嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理
上面看完了Spring Boot中Servlet容器的自动配置后知道,当我们想要使用某一个容器时只需要在pomx.xml中导入相关的依赖,Spring Boot会自动帮我们配置。那么什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动容器呢?
Spring Boot 项目创建后生成的主函数如下:
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot04WebRestfulcrudApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot04WebRestfulcrudApplication.class, args);
}
}
当启动项目时,执行首先获取指定的Servlet容器。获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂的步骤为:
-
SpringBoot应用启动运行
run(),即调用SpringApplication.run(),它的定义如下:public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) { return run(new Object[] { source }, args); }它又调用了类内的
run(),定义如下:public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) { return new SpringApplication(sources).run(args); }最终执行的是下面的
run():public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); // 创建一个ApplicationContext容器 context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); // 准备容器中所需的东西 prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } } -
createApplicationContext():创建IOC容器,如果是web应用则创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplacation的IOC容器,如果不是,则创建AnnotationConfigApplication的IOC容器protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() { Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass; if (contextClass == null) { try { // 利用反射机制,使用webEnvironment来根据不同的应用场景创建不同的容器 contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment ? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex); } } return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass); } -
refreshContext(context):返回到ConfigurableApplicationContext()中,当创建好针对具体应用场景的容器后,调用refreshContext()刷新Ioc容器,刷新操作指创建IOC容器对象并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一
个组件;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则创建AnnotationConfigApplicationContextprivate void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { refresh(context); if (this.registerShutdownHook) { try { context.registerShutdownHook(); } catch (AccessControlException ex) { // Not allowed in some environments. } } } -
refresh(context):刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) { Assert.isInstanceOf(AbstractApplicationContext.class, applicationContext); ((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh(); } -
onRefresh():这里调用的是抽象父类AbstractApplicationContext类的子类EmbeddedWebApplicationContext的onRefresh方法@Override protected void onRefresh() { super.onRefresh(); try { createEmbeddedServletContainer(); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start embedded container", ex); } } -
Ioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
createEmbeddedServletContainer(); -
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建
对象,触发后置处理器,然后后置处理器获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() { EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer; ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext(); if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) { //获取嵌入式Servlet容器工厂 EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); //根据容器工厂获取对应嵌入式Servlet容器 this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer()); } else if (localServletContext != null) { try { getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext); } catch (ServletException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex); } } initPropertySources(); } -
使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:
this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer()); -
嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { // Initialize conversion service for this context. if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) { beanFactory.setConversionService( beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)); } // Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor // (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before: // at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values. if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) { beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(new StringValueResolver() { @Override public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) { return getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal); } }); } // Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early. String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false); for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) { getBean(weaverAwareName); } // Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching. beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null); // Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes. beanFactory.freezeConfiguration(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(); }
7. 使用外置Servlet容器
7.1 引入
既然Spring Tomcat已经在内部集成了常用的三个Servlet容器,那是否就适合与所有的应用场景呢?其实不然,Spring Boot内置的Servlet容器默认不支持JSP。。而且优化定制也比较麻烦。因此,当我们需要开发使用JSP的项目时,最好使用外置的支持JSP的容器,而Spring Boot也提供了相关的支持。
要想使用外置的Tomcat,需要首先安装Tomcat服务器,然后在创建项目的时候使用war包的形式进行打包。
7.2 使用步骤
-
创建web项目,打包方式选择war
-
将Spring Boot内置的Tomcat设置为provided
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> -
编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法,如果是IDEA,项目创建后会自动创建该类
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) { //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序 return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class); } } -
配置外置的Tomcat,启动服务器运行项目即可
7.3 原理分析
当以jar的打包形式创建项目后,执行Spring Boot主类的main(),系统会启动Ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器等一系列操作执行程序。当以war包形式创建项目后启动服务器时,服务器会启动SpringBoot应SpringBootServletInitializer,它会启动Ioc容器,然后执行后续的操作。
之所以需要创建SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并重写configure方法,是因为Servlet3.0规范中定义了相关的规则:
- 服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
- ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为
javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名- 还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
启动流程:
流程:
-
开启配置好的Tomcat
-
Spring的web模块里面有javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer这个文件,文件的内容是org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer,该类的源码如下:
@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class) public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer { @Override public void onStartup(@Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<>(); if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) { for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) { if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) && WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) { try { initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer) ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(waiClass).newInstance()); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex); } } } } if (initializers.isEmpty()) { servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath"); return; } servletContext.log(initializers.size() + " Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath"); AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers); for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) { initializer.onStartup(servletContext); } } } -
SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型
的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set,为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例 -
每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的
onStartup(),相当于SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup() -
SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext,创建容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext( ServletContext servletContext) { //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder(); StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment(); environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null); builder.environment(environment); builder.main(getClass()); ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext); if (parent != null) { this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent)."); servletContext.setAttribute( WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null); builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)); } builder.initializers( new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)); builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class); //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来 builder = configure(builder); //使用builder创建一个Spring应用 SpringApplication application = builder.build(); if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) { application.getSources().add(getClass()); } Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the " + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation"); // Ensure error pages are registered if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) { application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class); } //启动Spring应用 return run(application); } -
Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //刷新IOC容器 refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
总结:先启动Servlet容器,再启动Spring Boot应用。