云服务器通过Docker安装MySQL并远程连接

文章目录

• • • 1. 安装docker
    • 2. 安装MySQL
    • • 2.1 docker安装MySQL
      • 2.2 docker-compose安装MySQL
    • 3. 配置MySQL
    • 4. 云服务器设置
    • 5. 配置客户端连接

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1. 安装docker

这里以centos为例进行说命名如何安装docker：

• 首先使用uname -r命令查看内核版本，确保是3.10及以上

  [root@izbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dz ~]# uname -r
  3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64
  

• 更新yum update

• 使用yum install docker命令安装docker

  [root@izbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dz ~]# yum install docker
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
  
  This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
  
  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  Package 2:docker-1.13.1-161.git64e9980.el7_8.x86_64 already installed and latest version
  Nothing to do
  

• 使用systemctl start docker命令启动docker

  [root@izbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dz ~]# systemctl start docker
  [root@izbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dz ~]# docker -v
  Docker version 1.13.1, build 64e9980/1.13.1
  

• 使用命令systemctl enable docker设置docker为开机自启

  [root@izbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dz ~]# systemctl enable docker
  Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
  

• 如果要停止docker运行，可以使用systemctl stop docker

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2. 安装MySQL

2.1 docker安装MySQL

• 拉取镜像：docker pull mysql，这里选择默认的最新镜像

  [root@izbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dz ~]# docker pull mysql
  Using default tag: latest
  Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ...
  latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
  8559a31e96f4: Pull complete
  d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
  c2344adc4858: Pull complete
  fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
  16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
  b905d1797e97: Pull complete
  4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
  c75914a65ca2: Pull complete
  1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete
  453ac13c00a3: Pull complete
  9e680cd72f08: Pull complete
  a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete
  Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6
  Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:latest
  

• 端口映射：docker run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -p 3306:3306 mysql*

  使用docker run ‐‐name some‐mysql ‐e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my‐secret‐pw ‐d mysql:tag ‐‐character‐setserver=utf8mb4 ‐‐collation‐server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci可以指定mysql的一些配置参数

2.2 docker-compose安装MySQL

docker-compose的安装可见：Docker入门简易教程 – 通俗易懂 +足够使用

首先在当前目录下创建两个目录，便于后续的目录映射：

mkdir data
mkdir conf

进入conf目录，编写 mymysqld.cnf ：

#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

[mysqld_safe]
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice		= 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user		= mysql
pid-file	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port		= 3306
basedir		= /usr
datadir		= /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir		= /tmp
lc-messages-dir	= /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address		= 0.0.0.0
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer_size		= 16M
max_allowed_packet	= 16M
thread_stack		= 192K
thread_cache_size       = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover-options  = BACKUP
#max_connections        = 100
#table_cache            = 64
#thread_concurrency     = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit	= 1M
query_cache_size        = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log             = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries	= /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
#server-id		= 1
#log_bin			= /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days	= 10
max_binlog_size   = 100M
#binlog_do_db		= include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db	= include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem

在当前目录下创建docker-compose.yml文件，内容如下：

[root@iZbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dZ docker_mysql]# cat docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
  mysql_compose:
    image: daocloud.io/library/mysql:8.0.2
    container_name: mymysql
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    volumes:
      - ./data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./conf/mymysqld.cnf:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "123456"

最后使用命令docker-compose up -d启动容器，并使用docker ps可以查看容器是否正常启动：

[root@iZbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dZ docker_mysql]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                             COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
1cfaa4a79efb        daocloud.io/library/mysql:8.0.2   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 hours ago         Up 7 hours          0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mymysql

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3. 配置MySQL

• 使用docker ps查看运行中容器的id

  [root@iZbp15ffbqqbe97j9dcf5dZ docker_mysql]# docker ps
  CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                             COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
  1cfaa4a79efb        daocloud.io/library/mysql:8.0.2   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 hours ago         Up 7 hours          0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mymysql
  

• 进入容器：

  docker exec -it 容器id bash
  

• 进入mysql

  mysql -uroot -p
  

• 对远程连接进行授权

  GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
  

• 更改密码的加密规则

  ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
  

• 更改root密码

  ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; 
  

• 刷新权限

  flush privileges;
  

• 查看用户信息

  select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
  

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4. 云服务器设置

除了进行数据库的相关设置外，还需要配置服务器的安全规则。点击云控制平台左侧的网络与安全 --> 安全—> 配置规则

然后按照以下方式手动添加安全规则

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5. 配置客户端连接

首先需配置SSH通道

配置数据库连接的端口号、用户名和密码

连接成功！