1.安装python3环境
1.1 依赖环境安装
yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
1.2 下载、解压、编译安装
cd /usr/local
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.6/Python-3.9.6.tar.xz
tar -Jxvf Python-3.9.6.tar.xz
cd Python-3.9.6/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
1.3 创建软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
1.4 验证是否安装成功
python3 -V # Python 3.9.6
pip3 -V # pip 21.1.3 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)
2.修改pip源
2.1 pip软件源更改
- 临时更换
pip install <package_name> -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com
- 永久更换
Windows下新建C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Roaming\pip\pip.ini
Linux下新建~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com
2.2 pip的使用
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
cache Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
index Inspect information available from package indexes.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
debug Show information useful for debugging.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and
user configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3
times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3
times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging
levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--no-input Disable prompting for input.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt
(default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 6000.0 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore,
(w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does
not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided,
overrides the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip
documentation for more information.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the
private key and the certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version
of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output.
--no-python-version-warning
Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
--use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
--use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the
future.
2.3 pip安装位置
默认安装位置：\Lib\site-packages
2.4 pip国内常用软件源
- 清华：
https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple - 阿里：
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple - 豆瓣：
http://pypi.douban.com/simple
