背景
Apple 自 iOS 14，iPadOS 与 macOS big sur 发布的Safari浏览器，可以分析网站中网络追踪器，并给出一个30天的报告，记录用户在浏览时发现的、已知的网络追踪器，另外，还会给出这些追踪器来自哪些网站。这些新功能是迈向透明化的一步，让用户了解有多少跟踪器在跟踪他，并记录用户个人的行为。在 Mac 上的 Safari 浏览器中查看被阻止跟踪您的跟踪器。 在2018年，苹果就发布了智能跟踪预防功能，率先限制了网络追踪器的功率，而新的Safari功能将为用户提供更多信息。2019 年 12 月的一份报告显示，苹果强势推动 Safari 智能追踪防护功能之后，专门面向该平台的广告价格已锐减 60% 。
Apple's Safari browser, which has been available since iOS 14, iPadOS and Mac OS Big Sur, analyzes web trackers on websites and gives a 30-day report on known web trackers found while browsing, as well as the sites from which they came. These new features are a step toward transparency, allowing users to see how many trackers are following them and to record individual user behavior. View the trackers that have been prevented from tracking you in Safari on your Mac. In 2018, Apple released Smart Tracking Prevention, which was the first to limit the power of online trackers, and the new Safari feature will give users even more information. According to a December 2019 report, Apple's aggressive push into smart tracking protection in Safari has led to a 60% drop in AD prices specifically for the platform.
隐私报告 ｜Privacy Report
Apple’s Privacy Report allows you to see who was blocked from tracking you in Safari.
如何查看 ｜ To view this info:
- 在 Mac 上，点击 “Safari > 隐私报告”
- On your Mac, go to “Safari > Privacy Report…”
- 在 iPhone 或 iPad 上，点击 Safari 地址栏中 大小 并选择 “隐私报告”
- On your iPhone or iPad, click on AA in the address bar of Safari and select “Privacy Report”
苹果使用 ITP 技术来阻止跨站跟踪。
Apple uses something called Intelligent Tracking Prevention (ITP) to block cross-site tracking. On by default, you can toggle off Prevent Cross-Site Tracking:
- On your Mac, go to “Safari > Preferences > Privacy”
- In iOS/iPadOS, go to “Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security”
跟踪器 | Cross-site trackers
部分网站允许称为跟踪器的数据采集公司跟踪您的浏览活动。跟踪器可以跨多个网站跟踪您并将您的活动结合成提供广告商的个人资料。
Some websites allow data collection companies called trackers to track your browsing activity. Trackers can follow you across multiple websites and combine your activity into a profile for advertisers.
通常情况是通过脚本、插件抑或是隐藏的图片。这些并不是只有坏处，它们可以提升浏览体验。
This is often done through scripts, widgets, or even invisible images. It isn’t inherently bad because it can enhance your browsing experience.
此处澄清，Safari 不会阻止这些脚本，插件，评论表单的运行，因为这会破坏网站基础功能。Safari 只是阻止它们访问 cookies。
To clarify, Safari doesn’t keep these scripts, widgets, comment forms, etc. from working because that could break a site’s functionality. It keeps them from accessing your cookies and giving the data to any other site besides the one you are on.
智能防跟踪 ｜ Intelligent Tracking Prevention
“智能防跟踪”使用设备端机器学习技术来识别跟踪器并阻止其访问可识别个人身份的信息。已知跟踪器由 DuckDuckGo 独立识别。但是这个方案并不是最佳的，跟踪器的发现是迟滞的。并且 DuckDuckGo 提供的列表并不意味着 Apple 的 ITP 算法实际标记了。Apple 仍是通过浏览器行为进行分析。
Intelligent Tracking Prevention uses on-device machine learning to identify trackers and blocks them from accessing identifying information. Known trackers are independently identified by DuckDuckGo, which is regularly updated as new trackers are found, but it isn’t perfect. Just because something appears on the list doesn’t necessarily mean that Apple’s ITP algorithms have actually flagged it yet. Apple still bases what it blocks on your browsing behavior.
Read More: Developer Simo Ahava has an excellent and very detailed look at how ITP works.
Safari tracking IP address protection • Apple iOS 15
Safari与iOS 15日将阻止追踪器通过隐藏用户的实际IP地址
With iOS 15, Safari will block trackers by hiding the user’s real IP address.
隐私报告内容 ｜Apple’s Privacy Report (cont.)
跟踪器分析 ｜ Tracker Profiling Badge
Immediately to the left of the address bar in Safari on macOS, you will see the Privacy Report button – it looks like a badge. Click on this, and you will see how many trackers were contacted and blocked for the site you are on. It will also show you a list of all the trackers on the site. The list may be long, so scroll away until your heart is content. Want a little more info? No problem. Click on the info button and the full report will launch.
信息概览｜ General info You will be presented with a host of information, including:
- the number of trackers prevented from profiling you in the past 30 days
- the percent of websites visited that contacted trackers
- which tracker was prevented from profiling you the most
网站视图｜Websites
选择 “网站” 标签页，可以看到过去 30 天试图使用跟踪器分析你的站点列表。并且可以看到每个站点的跟踪器数量，点击箭头可以展开看到被阻止的跟踪器站点。
If you select the “Websites” tab, you will see a list of all the sites you have visited in the past 30 days with trackers attempting to profile you. It will indicate the number of trackers on each site, and selecting the arrow next to any website will show which were blocked.
跟踪器 ｜Trackers
当选择 “跟踪器”标签页，可以看到过去 30 天所有的跟踪器以及所属者。展开跟踪器可以看到对应跟踪的网站。
If you select the “Trackers” tab, you will see a list of all the trackers (and who owns them) that have attempted to profile you in the last 30 days and the number of websites you visited where they were found. If you click the arrow next to any tracker, you will see which websites they were.
报告采样 ｜ Sampling
采样的国内知名站点均为发现跟踪器，国外站点 Google，twitter，Facebook 均发现对应厂家的跟踪器。DuckDuckGo 的主要还是基础 GA, doubleclick 等常见跟踪器进行分析的。
参考文献 ｜ Reference
- 在 Mac 上的 Safari 浏览器中查看被阻止跟踪您的跟踪器
- 跨网域跟踪简介
- 第三方追踪器 | Firefox 帮助
- Apple's Privacy Report, Safari 14, & You.
- Intelligent Tracking Prevention
- 苹果的Intelligent Tracking Prevention是个什么鬼？
最后 ｜ Last
建议收藏 CookieStatus.com，社区主导的维护防跟踪机制浏览器现状。
I recommend you bookmark CookieStatus.com - a community-led initiative to maintain an up-to-date information resource on the current status of browser (and app) tracking protection mechanisms.
插播一条招聘信息
字节 - TikTok国际化短视频 热推职位招聘~
工作坐标：上海-合川路科技绿洲
招聘职位
- 国际化短视频（隐私安全方向）
- 国际化短视频（内容生态方向）
快速投递：job.toutiao.com/s/ewrksH2
有兴趣的可以留言 或者直接联系我。
微信：_panda_fish 电话：13770758464
职位描述
- 负责国际化短视频业务Privacy&Security方向的前端开发，包括端内H5、Hybrid动态化方案、WebApp等多场景多容器的前端工作；
- 用高质量的设计和代码实现，创造出极致的用户体验，为TikTok 业务安全保驾护航；
- 主导探索新型高效前端开发模式，保障研发效率和交付质量。
职位要求
- 本科及以上学历，计算机基础扎实；熟练掌握 JavaScript/TypeScript，CSS 等前端基础；
- 精通一种 MVX（React/Vue/Angular）框架，熟悉前端工程化，具备前端性能调优能力；
- 具备良好的业务理解能力和技术抽象能力，有良好的系统模块设计能力；
- 有跨端开发经验（React Native/WeeX/Flutter）优先；
- 对大型网站架构有丰富经验者优先；
- 英语熟练者或有海外/外企工作经历者优先。
