非公平锁和公平锁差异

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阅读这边文章首先要了解过公平锁源码分析这边文章

非公平锁

首先,要认识到当你new 一个ReentrantLock锁的时候,默认的实现是就是非公平锁

ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();

两种锁的差别

FairSync

static final class FairSync extends Sync {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;

    final void lock() {
        acquire(1);
    }

    /**
     * Fair version of tryAcquire.  Don't grant access unless
     * recursive call or no waiters or is first.
     */
    protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
        final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        int c = getState();
        if (c == 0) {
        //1. 这里比公平锁多的地方,查看阻塞队列中是否有排队的
            if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                return true;
            }
        }
        else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
            int nextc = c + acquires;
            if (nextc < 0)
                throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
            setState(nextc);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

NonfairSync

static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;

    /**
     * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
     * acquire on failure.
     */
    final void lock() {
    //1. 这里是比公平锁多的地方,尝试获取锁
        if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
        else
            acquire(1);
    }

    protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
        return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
    }
}

nonfairTryAcquire

final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
    final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
    int c = getState();
    if (c == 0) {
        if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }
    }
    else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
        int nextc = c + acquires;
        if (nextc < 0) // overflow
            throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
        setState(nextc);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

总结

公平锁和非公平锁只有两处不同:

  1. 非公平锁在调用 lock 后,首先就会调用 CAS 进行一次抢锁,如果这个时候恰巧锁没有被占用,那么直接就获取到锁返回了。
  2. 非公平锁在 CAS 失败后,和公平锁一样都会进入到 tryAcquire 方法,在 tryAcquire 方法中,如果发现锁这个时候被释放了(state == 0),非公平锁会直接 CAS 抢锁,但是公平锁会判断等待队列是否有线程处于等待状态,如果有则不去抢锁,乖乖排到后面。 公平锁和非公平锁就这两点区别,如果这两次 CAS 都不成功,那么后面非公平锁和公平锁是一样的,都要进入到阻塞队列等待唤醒。

相对来说,非公平锁会有更好的性能,因为它的吞吐量比较大。当然,非公平锁让获取锁的时间变得更加不确定,可能会导致在阻塞队列中的线程长期处于饥饿状态。

参考链接 -一行一行源码分析清楚 AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (二)