网络应用程序

开始

创建目录及文件

mkdir gowiki
cd gowiki
touch wiki.go

编辑文件wiki.go

package main

import (
        "fmt"
        "io/ioutil"
)

数据结构

type Page struct {
    Title string
    Body  []byte
}

func (p *Page) save() error {
    filename := p.Title + ".txt"
    return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
}

func loadPage(title string) *Page {
    filename := title + ".txt"
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
    return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}
}

func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
filename := title + ".txt"
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
}

func main() {
    p1 := &Page{Title: "TestPage", Body: []byte("This is a sample Page.")}
    p1.save()
    p2, _ := loadPage("TestPage")
    fmt.Println(string(p2.Body))
}

编译并执行此代码

go build wiki.go
./wiki
wiki

Web 服务器的完整示例

// +build ignore

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hi there, I love %s!", r.URL.Path[1:])
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

http://localhost:8080/monkeys

使用web服务

导入包

 import (
        "fmt"
        "io/ioutil"
        "log"
        "net/http"
)

处理"/view/"前缀

func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
    p, _ := loadPage(title)
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>%s</h1><div>%s</div>", p.Title, p.Body)
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

创建返回信息

test.txt

"hello, world!"

运行程序

go build Wiki.go
wiki

访问地址

/view/后字符必须与文件名相同

http://localhost:8080/view/test

编辑页面

添加操作

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
    http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
    http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

执行代码

func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        p = &Page{Title: title}
    }
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>Editing %s</h1>"+
        "<form action=\"/save/%s\" method=\"POST\">"+
        "<textarea name=\"body\">%s</textarea><br>"+
        "<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Save\">"+
        "</form>",
        p.Title, p.Title, p.Body)
}

引入模板html/template

引入包

 import (
        "html/template"
        "io/ioutil"
        "net/http"
)

创建文件edit.html

<h1>Editing {{.Title}}</h1>

 <form action="/save/{{.Title}}" method="POST">
    <div>
        <textarea name="body" rows="20" cols="80">{{printf "%s" .Body}}</textarea>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="Save">
    </div>
</form>

修改代码

func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        p = &Page{Title: title}
    }
    t, _ := template.ParseFiles("edit.html")
    t.Execute(w, p)

}

view模板

viewHandlerview.html

 <h1>{{.Title}}</h1>

<p>[<a href="/edit/{{.Title}}">edit</a>]</p>

<div>{{printf "%s" .Body}}</div>

viewHandler

 func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
    p, _ := loadPage(title)
    t, _ := template.ParseFiles("view.html")
    t.Execute(w, p)
}

模板代码

func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
    t, _ := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
    t.Execute(w, p)
}

func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
    p, _ := loadPage(title)
    renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
}

func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        p = &Page{Title: title}
    }
    renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
}

不存在重定向至edit页面

 func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
        return
    }
    renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
}

保存页面

 func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/save/"):]
    body := r.FormValue("body")
    p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
    p.save()
    http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
}

错误处理

func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
    t, err := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
    err = t.Execute(w, p)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
    }
}
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title := r.URL.Path[len("/save/"):]
    body := r.FormValue("body")
    p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
    err := p.save()
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
    http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
}

模板缓存

创建全局变量，减少初始化次数

var templates = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("edit.html", "view.html"))
func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
    err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(w, tmpl+".html", p)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
    }
}

验证url

创建验证规则

var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")

func getTitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (string, error) {
    m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
    if m == nil {
        http.NotFound(w, r)
        return "", errors.New("invalid Page Title")
    }
    return m[2], nil // The title is the second subexpression.
}

使用验证

func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title, err := getTitle(w, r)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
        return
    }
    renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
}

  func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title, err := getTitle(w, r)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        p = &Page{Title: title}
    }
    renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
}

func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    title, err := getTitle(w, r)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    body := r.FormValue("body")
    p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
    err = p.save()
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
    http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
 }

引入函数字面量与闭包

重构代码

func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)

包装函数

func makeHandler(fn func (http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
    return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	// Here we will extract the page title from the Request,
	// and call the provided handler 'fn'
}
}

func makeHandler(fn func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
        if m == nil {
            http.NotFound(w, r)
            return
        }
        fn(w, r, m[2])
    }
}

修改主函数

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/view/", makeHandler(viewHandler))
    http.HandleFunc("/edit/", makeHandler(editHandler))
    http.HandleFunc("/save/", makeHandler(saveHandler))

    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

精简处理函数

func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
        return
    }
    renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
}

func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
    p, err := loadPage(title)
    if err != nil {
        p = &Page{Title: title}
    }
    renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
}

func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
    body := r.FormValue("body")
    p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
    err := p.save()
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
    http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
}

最终代码

  package main

import (
"html/template"
"io/ioutil"
"log"
"net/http"
"regexp"
)

type Page struct {
Title string
Body  []byte
}

func (p *Page) save() error {
filename := p.Title + ".txt"
return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
}

func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
filename := title + ".txt"
body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
	return nil, err
}
return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
}

func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
p, err := loadPage(title)
if err != nil {
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
	return
}
renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
}

func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
p, err := loadPage(title)
if err != nil {
	p = &Page{Title: title}
}
renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
}

func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
body := r.FormValue("body")
p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
err := p.save()
if err != nil {
	http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	return
}
http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
}

var templates = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("edit.html", "view.html"))

func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(w, tmpl+".html", p)
if err != nil {
	http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
}
}

var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")

func makeHandler(fn func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
	if m == nil {
		http.NotFound(w, r)
		return
	}
	fn(w, r, m[2])
}
}

func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/view/", makeHandler(viewHandler))
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", makeHandler(editHandler))
http.HandleFunc("/save/", makeHandler(saveHandler))

log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

运行代码

go build wiki.go
./wiki