安装系统要求

关于操作系统的选择，Centos7

下载Redis

wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.4.tar.gz

Redis安装（单机版）

####编绎如下

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
tar -zxvf redis-6.2.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/
make

单机版完成。

##有用小知识：这里可以考虑将安装好的redis文件压缩备用，后续在其他的系统中安装时只需要解压就可，不需要再走一遍gcc,make的流程。 ##压缩 cd /usr/local tar -zcvf redis6.2.4_install.tar.gz redis-6.2.4/ ##比如在192.168.56.102上进行解压安装，执行解压命令即可，不需要再走make的编绎流程： tar -zxvf redis6.2.4_install.tar.gz -C /usr/local

####接下来做些简单的配置，毕竟默认的配置有些还是不太满足我们的意愿

####配置说明redis.conf
bind 127.0.0.1 -::1  ---> bind 192.168.56.101 -::1
修改端口：port 6379
后台启动： daemonize no ---> daemonize yes
Pid文件位置修改：pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid  --->  pidfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis_6379.pid"
默认工作目录：dir ./  --->  dir "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/"
Logfile:  logfile "" ---> logfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/redis.log"
加上密码： # requirepass foobared  ---> requirepass 123456

上面的配置通过vi redis.conf可以编辑，也可以直接sed命令修改，直接通过sed命令修改如下：

####批量命令如下：
sed -i 's/^bind 127.0.0.1 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.101 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis_6379.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/redis_6379.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^dir .\/$/dir "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/logs\/redis.log"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# requirepass foobared$/requirepass 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf

####建立logs目录，logfile存储的目录
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/ -p

####启动

###启动
cd /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/
src/redis-server redis.conf &
或
/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf

执行结果日志如下：

[root@localhost redis-6.2.4]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf 
[root@localhost redis-6.2.4]# ps -ef|grep redis
root      8277     1  0 10:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server *:6379
root      8283  3663  0 10:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto redis

Redis安装（哨兵）

Sentinel会不断地检查你的主服务器和从服务器是否运作正常。当被监控的某个Redis服务器出现问题时，Sentinel可以通过API向管理员或者其他应用程序发送通知。当一个主服务器不能正常工作时，Sentinel会开始一次自动故障迁移操作，它会将失效主服务器的其中一个从服务器升级为新的主服务器，并让失效服务器的其他从服务器改为新的主服务器；当客户端试图连接失效的主服务器时，集群也会向客户端返回新主服务器的地址，使得集群可以使用新主服务器代替失效服务器。

####安装环境

IP	操作系统	初始角色
192.168.56.101	Centos7	master
192.168.56.102	Centos7	slave
192.168.56.103	Centos7	slave
192.168.56.101	Centos7	sentinel
192.168.56.102	Centos7	sentinel
192.168.56.103	Centos7	sentinel

####首先在master（192.168.56.101）执行单机版安装，然后在单机版安装make成功之后，修改redis.conf

sed -i 's/^bind 127.0.0.1 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.101 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis_6379.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/redis_6379.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^dir .\/$/dir "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/logs\/redis.log"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# requirepass foobared$/requirepass 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf

将# masterauth <master-password>取消注解，并设置密码为123456，这个配置是做主从复制用的密码
sed -i 's/^# masterauth <master-password>$/masterauth 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf

##建立logs目录
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/ -p

####接着通过scp命令单master的安装好的文件传送到2个slave服务器，在192.168.56.101上执行

scp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ root@192.168.56.102:/usr/local/
scp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ root@192.168.56.103:/usr/local/

####修改2个slave机器上的redis.conf,在master的配置的基础上增加一行，在192.168.56.102和192.168.56.103上执行

cat >> /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf << EOF
slaveof 192.168.56.101 6379
EOF

####因为从master拷贝过来的bind信息的ip是bind 192.168.56.102 -::1，分别在两台node(192.168.56.102,192.168.56.103)上修改成正确的ip

# 192.168.56.102机器上执行
sed -i 's/^bind 192.168.56.101 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.102 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf

# 192.168.56.103机器上执行
sed -i 's/^bind 192.168.56.101 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.103 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf

####修改sentinel.conf，三台机一模一样

protected-mode no
daemonize yes
pidfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis-sentinel.pid"
logfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/sentinel.log"
dir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel-work
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.56.101 6379 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster gzsendi1!
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 10000

快速执行命令如下,三台机执行：

##新建目录
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel-work

##执行命令修改sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# protected-mode no$/protected-mode no/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis-sentinel.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/redis-sentinel.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/logs\/sentinel.log"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^dir \/tmp$/dir \/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/sentinel-work/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^sentinel monitor mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 2$/sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.56.101 6379 2/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# sentinel auth-pass <master-name> <password>$/sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# sentinel down-after-milliseconds <master-name> <milliseconds>$/sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# sentinel failover-timeout <master-name> <milliseconds>$/sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 10000/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf

####启动哨兵集群，三台机上直接执行下面2个命令

##先停防火墙如下：
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

##启动哨兵集群，三台机上直接执行
/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-sentinel  /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf

####哨兵集群测试

查看集群状态/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6379 -a 123456 然后执行info replication

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6379 -a 123456
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6379> info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:2
slave0:ip=192.168.56.102,port=6379,state=online,offset=112028,lag=1
slave1:ip=192.168.56.103,port=6379,state=online,offset=111885,lag=1
master_failover_state:no-failover
master_replid:db4762954bb4b448585bdcdbc7b709b1d0cc98e6
master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
master_repl_offset:112171
second_repl_offset:-1
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1
repl_backlog_histlen:112171

查看sentinel状态/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 26379然后执行info sentinel

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 26379         
192.168.56.101:26379> info sentinel
# Sentinel
sentinel_masters:1
sentinel_tilt:0
sentinel_running_scripts:0
sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0
sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0
master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.56.101:6379,slaves=2,sentinels=3

####kill掉192.168.56.101上的redis进程，然后观察是否会切换可以看到master切换到了192.168.56.103，

[root@localhost redis-6.2.4]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.102 -p 6379 -a 123456 
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.102:6379> info replication
# Replication
role:slave
master_host:192.168.56.103
master_port:6379
master_link_status:up
master_last_io_seconds_ago:0
master_sync_in_progress:0
slave_repl_offset:204030
slave_priority:100
slave_read_only:1
replica_announced:1
connected_slaves:0
master_failover_state:no-failover
master_replid:b99ff9a759686da5d8352db49b5c846e8117b5c4
master_replid2:db4762954bb4b448585bdcdbc7b709b1d0cc98e6
master_repl_offset:204030
second_repl_offset:192069
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1
repl_backlog_histlen:204030

然后重新执行/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf将192.168.56.101上的redis进程重启，然后可发现集群又自动恢复成功。

Redis安装（分片集群）

Redis集群使用数据分片(sharding)来实现：一个Redis集群包含16384个哈希槽(hash slot)，数据库中的每个键都属于这16384个哈希槽的其中一个，集群使用公式CRC16(key)%16384来计算键key属于哪个槽，其中CRC16(key)语句用于计算键key的CRC16校验和。比如：节点A负责处理0号至5500号哈希槽。节点B负责处理5501号至11000号哈希槽。节点C负责处理11001号至16384号哈希槽。

####安装环境

redis集群分片需要6台机，需要的资源太多，这里使用一台虚机的不同端口来模拟，在真实的集群搭建时，将不同端口的进程分别部署在不同的机器上即可（6001-6006端口）

####先进行单机版安装，执行完make，并创建目录

##编绎
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
tar -zxvf redis-6.2.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/
make

##目录创建
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/ -p

mkdir /usr/local/redis-cluster/ -p

cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6002
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6003
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6004
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6005
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6006

####修改配置文件redis.conf, 以/usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf为例

bind 192.168.56.101 -::1 daemonize yes #后台启动 port 6001 #修改端口号，从6001 到6006 pidfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis_6379.pid" dir "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/" logfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/redis.log" requirepass 123456 cluster-enabled yes #开启cluster，去掉注释 cluster-config-file nodes.conf #自动生成 cluster-node-timeout 15000 #节点通信时间 appendonly yes #持久化方式

一键执行的命令如下：

sed -i 's/^bind 127.0.0.1 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.101 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^port 6379$/port 6001/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis_6001.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-cluster\/redis_6001.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^dir .\/$/dir "\/usr\/local\/redis-cluster\/6001\/"/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-cluster\/6001\/logs\/redis.log"/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# requirepass foobared$/requirepass 123456/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf

sed -i 's/^# cluster-enabled yes$/cluster-enabled yes/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf$/cluster-config-file nodes-6001.conf/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# cluster-node-timeout 15000$/cluster-node-timeout 15000/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^appendonly no$/appendonly yes/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf

其他5个目录下的redis也做相应调整，分别修改相应的配置，按各自的配置情况修改，端口，路径等

####集群启动

##先要将6个redis的进程启动

/usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6002/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6002/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6003/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6003/redis.conf 
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6004/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6004/redis.conf 
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6005/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6005/redis.conf 
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6006/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6006/redis.conf

##然后将6进程创建成集群，6版本后不再使用ruby脚本启动，而是直接使用./redis-cli启动，进入任意一个6001-6006的目录，我这里进入6001，然后执行：

cd /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src
./redis-cli -a 123456 --cluster create 192.168.56.101:6001 192.168.56.101:6002 192.168.56.101:6003 192.168.56.101:6004 192.168.56.101:6005 192.168.56.101:6006 --cluster-replicas 1

执行过程中输入yes然后回车，详细结果日志如下：

[root@localhost src]# ./redis-cli -a 123456 --cluster create 192.168.56.101:6001 192.168.56.101:6002 192.168.56.101:6003 192.168.56.101:6004 192.168.56.101:6005 192.168.56.101:6006 --cluster-replicas 1
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 192.168.56.101:6005 to 192.168.56.101:6001
Adding replica 192.168.56.101:6006 to 192.168.56.101:6002
Adding replica 192.168.56.101:6004 to 192.168.56.101:6003
>>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity
[WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master
M: 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 192.168.56.101:6001
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 192.168.56.101:6002
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
M: d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 192.168.56.101:6003
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: b1afdb8256f5a5f148ab43510b81110d63eac948 192.168.56.101:6004
   replicates 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f
S: 33f2c653e66d50d474ec1670449258df1d2ac541 192.168.56.101:6005
   replicates d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9
S: f4896d342ffbdc1077464f348fdff00d7976a670 192.168.56.101:6006
   replicates 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
...
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.56.101:6001)
M: 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 192.168.56.101:6001
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: 33f2c653e66d50d474ec1670449258df1d2ac541 192.168.56.101:6005
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9
S: b1afdb8256f5a5f148ab43510b81110d63eac948 192.168.56.101:6004
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f
S: f4896d342ffbdc1077464f348fdff00d7976a670 192.168.56.101:6006
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413
M: d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 192.168.56.101:6003
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
M: 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 192.168.56.101:6002
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

####集群状态检查任意进入一个节点执行命令cluster nodes进行集群信息的查看，可看到各自的角色及对应的槽位。

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6001
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6001> cluster nodes
33f2c653e66d50d474ec1670449258df1d2ac541 192.168.56.101:6005@16005 slave d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 0 1626067299000 3 connected
b1afdb8256f5a5f148ab43510b81110d63eac948 192.168.56.101:6004@16004 slave 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 0 1626067300471 2 connected
f4896d342ffbdc1077464f348fdff00d7976a670 192.168.56.101:6006@16006 slave 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 0 1626067300000 1 connected
d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 192.168.56.101:6003@16003 master - 0 1626067301473 3 connected 10923-16383
0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 192.168.56.101:6002@16002 master - 0 1626067300000 2 connected 5461-10922
9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 192.168.56.101:6001@16001 myself,master - 0 1626067299000 1 connected 0-5460

####集群分片测试在6001上执行set hello world

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6001
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6001> 
192.168.56.101:6001> set hello world
OK

在6001上执行get hello

[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6001
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6001> get hello
"world"
192.168.56.101:6001>

在6002上执行get hello ,会报error提示数据在6001上，说明分片已经生效。

192.168.56.101:6001> exit
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6002
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6002> get hello
(error) MOVED 866 192.168.56.101:6001

总结

本文只是从应用的角度做了环境的搭建，对原理未深入了解研究，有了redis的安装环境，接下来会从redis的原理出发来深入了解与学习redis。

linux下安装redis单机、哨兵、集群[6.2.4版本]

安装系统要求

下载Redis

Redis安装（单机版）

Redis安装（哨兵）

Redis安装（分片集群）

总结