文章目录
0 背景
因为项目要用到许多的post请求，因此查询了大量资料加上自己的实践，最后总结出了此文。之前也写过相同主题的文章，不过方法比较麻烦，需要通过调用json格式的数据来进行post请求，此文正是上文的优化。这里推荐几个好用的post请求的软件和网址，
软件:Postman
json数据解析网址
1 发送json格式的数据
1.1 进行post请求的类：
在pro文件中，加入
QT += network # 网络
.h
#ifndef HTTPNETWORKREQUEST_H
#define HTTPNETWORKREQUEST_H
#include<QNetworkAccessManager>
#include<QNetworkRequest>
#include<QString>
#include<QObject>
#include<QJsonObject>
#include<QByteArray>
class HttpNetworkRequest : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
HttpNetworkRequest();
~HttpNetworkRequest();
private:
//执行的post类型
int m_executePostRequestType = 0;
//解析的post类型
int m_analysisPostRequestType = 0;
private:
//post请求状态
enum PostStatus{
SucceedDeal = 0,//成功处理
ServerMaintenanceError = 1,//服务器维护状态
SeverDisconnectError = 2,//断网状态
NoPermissionError = 3,//没有权限
DataAbnormalError = 4,//json数据异常错误
DealDatabaseError = 5//处理数据库异常错误
};
//请求的ip头
QString m_requestIPHead = "https://baidu.com";
//解析的post类型
enum AnalysisPostType{
TestRequest = 0,//工作模式
};
//执行的post类型
enum ExecutePostType{
TestOperate = 0,//进货操作
};
//得到消息头的token
QString m_accessToken;
//发送网络请求和接受应答
QNetworkAccessManager* m_networkAccessManager;
//请求的消息题
QNetworkRequest m_httpRequest;
//发送data数据
QByteArray m_sendJsonData;
/**************请求**********************/
/**
* @brief 测试test的post请求
*/
void testHttpRequestPost();
/**************处理**********************/
/**
* @brief 处理服务器状态请求
* @param jsonObject
*/
bool dealTestRequest(QJsonObject& jsonObject);
private slots:
/**
* @brief 处理post请求发回的数据的总接口
* @param reply
*/
void dealNetworkFinisheded(QNetworkReply *reply);
//调用唯一接口
public slots:
/**
* @brief 接收请求操作的post类型
*/
void receivePostRequestType(int instruct, const QByteArray& content = "");
signals:
/**
* @brief 处理数据的结果
* @param type:界面类型
* 处理回传参数post，各种异常
*/
void sendDealDataResult(int result, int type);
};
#endif // HTTPNETWORKREQUEST_H
.cpp
#include "httpnetworkrequest.h"
#include<QJsonObject>
#include<QJsonDocument>
#include<QJsonArray>
#include<QNetworkReply>
#include<QDebug>
#include<QVector>
#include<QDateTime>
/*
消息同步逻辑：
receivePostRequestType(接收执行消息类型)-->workModeQueryRequestPost（进行工作状态查询）【sendServerMaintainStatus信号】
--->accessTokenHttpRequestPost--->dealTokenReques(根据m_executePostRequestType类型不同，执行不同业务操作)
*/
HttpNetworkRequest::HttpNetworkRequest()
{
m_networkAccessManager = new QNetworkAccessManager();
//处理所有post请求
connect(m_networkAccessManager, &QNetworkAccessManager::finished,
this, &HttpNetworkRequest::dealNetworkFinisheded);
}
HttpNetworkRequest::~HttpNetworkRequest()
{
qDebug()<<"HttpNetworkRequest";
delete m_networkAccessManager;
}
//发送post请求
void HttpNetworkRequest::testHttpRequestPost()
{
qDebug()<<"testHttpRequestPost";
// QJsonObject obj;
// obj.insert("accountId", "1");
// QJsonDocument jsonDoc(obj);//QJsonObject转QJsonDocument
// QString str = QString(jsonDoc.toJson());//QJsonDocument转QString
// QByteArray content = str.toUtf8();
// int contentLength = content.length();
m_httpRequest.setUrl(QUrl(m_requestIPHead + "/api/clientversion/client/working/mode/query"));
m_httpRequest.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, "application/json");
m_httpRequest.setRawHeader("access_token", m_accessToken.toUtf8());
m_httpRequest.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentLengthHeader, m_sendJsonData.length());
m_analysisPostRequestType = AnalysisPostType::TestRequest;
// 发送参数// 将用户名和密码发送至web服务器进行验证
m_networkAccessManager->post(m_httpRequest, m_sendJsonData);
}
//处理post请求
bool HttpNetworkRequest::dealTestRequest(QJsonObject &jsonObject)
{
qDebug()<<"dealTestRequest:"<<jsonObject;
if(jsonObject.contains("code")){
if(jsonObject.value("code").toInt() == 200){
//发送处理结果
emit sendDealDataResult(PostStatus::SucceedDeal, m_executePostRequestType);
return true;
}else{
emit sendDealDataResult(PostStatus::DataAbnormalError, m_executePostRequestType);
return false;
}
}else{
emit sendDealDataResult(PostStatus::DealDatabaseError, m_executePostRequestType);
return false;
}
}
//post处理总入口
void HttpNetworkRequest::dealNetworkFinisheded(QNetworkReply *reply)
{
// if(QSslSocket::supportsSsl() == true){
// qDebug()<<"支持SSL:"<<QSslSocket::sslLibraryBuildVersionString() + QSslSocket::sslLibraryVersionString();
// }else{
// qDebug()<<"不支持SSL:"<<QSslSocket::sslLibraryBuildVersionString() + QSslSocket::sslLibraryVersionString();
// }
QVariant data = reply->readAll();//读取全部数据
QJsonParseError jsonError;
QJsonDocument document = QJsonDocument::fromJson(data.toByteArray(), &jsonError);
if (!document.isNull() && (jsonError.error == QJsonParseError::NoError)) {
qDebug()<<"解析未发生错误";
qDebug()<<"JSON 文档为对象";
QJsonObject object = document.object(); // 转化为对象
if (document.isObject()) {
switch (m_analysisPostRequestType) {
case AnalysisPostType::TestRequest:
dealTestRequest(object);
break;
default:
break;
}
}else{
emit sendDealDataResult(PostStatus::DealDatabaseError, m_executePostRequestType);
}
}else{
if(document.isNull() == true){
qDebug()<<"document.isNull:" + reply->errorString();
emit sendDealDataResult(PostStatus::SeverDisconnectError, m_executePostRequestType);
}else if(jsonError.error == QJsonParseError::NoError){
qDebug()<<"jsonError.error:" + reply->errorString();
emit sendDealDataResult(PostStatus::SeverDisconnectError, m_executePostRequestType);
}
}
//删除对象
reply->deleteLater();
}
//类接口
void HttpNetworkRequest::receivePostRequestType(int instruct, const QByteArray& content){
//获得执行的指令
m_executePostRequestType = instruct;
//获得发送的内容
m_sendJsonData = content;
switch (m_executePostRequestType) {
case ExecutePostType::TestOperate:
testHttpRequestPost();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
1.1 使用post请求类
在类中加入post请求的成员：
#ifndef MAININTERFACE_H
#define MAININTERFACE_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include"httpnetworkrequest.h"
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MainInterface; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class MainInterface : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainInterface(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~MainInterface();
private:
Ui::MainInterface *ui;
private:
//执行的post类型
enum ExecutePostType{
TestOperate = 0,//进货操作
};
//post请求
HttpNetworkRequest* m_httpNetworkRequest;
/**
* @brief testPost：调用post方法
*/
void testPost();
};
#endif // MAININTERFACE_H
.cpp
调用方法：
#include "maininterface.h"
#include "ui_maininterface.h"
#include<QJsonDocument>
MainInterface::MainInterface(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent)
, ui(new Ui::MainInterface)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
//创建对象
m_httpNetworkRequest = new HttpNetworkRequest;
testPost();
}
MainInterface::~MainInterface()
{
//销毁对象
delete m_httpNetworkRequest;
delete ui;
}
//发送post请求
void MainInterface::testPost()
{
//要发送的json数据
QJsonObject obj;
obj.insert("accountId", "1");
QJsonDocument jsonDoc(obj);//QJsonObject转QJsonDocument
QString str = QString(jsonDoc.toJson());//QJsonDocument转QString
QByteArray content = str.toUtf8();
//发送post请求
m_httpNetworkRequest->receivePostRequestType(ExecutePostType::TestOperate, content);
}
2 发送json数据
例如下面的数据：
方法：
//要发送的json数据
QJsonObject sendJsonData;
sendJsonData.insert("code", 200);
//加入array
QJsonArray arry;
QJsonObject tempObject1;
tempObject1.insert("name", "小明");
tempObject1.insert("height", 180);
tempObject1.insert("weight", 70.3);
arry.append(tempObject1);
QJsonObject tempObject2;
tempObject2.insert("name", "小花");
tempObject2.insert("height", 165);
tempObject2.insert("weight", 45.8);
arry.append(tempObject2);
sendJsonData.insert("people", QJsonValue(arry));
//加入object
QJsonObject tempObject;
tempObject.insert("school", "Carnegie Mellon University");
tempObject.insert("location", "PIT");
sendJsonData.insert("affiliation", QJsonValue(tempObject));
m_jsonData = sendJsonData;//m_jsonData为类成员变量，类型为QJsonObject
qDebug()<<"sendJsonData:"<<sendJsonData;
处理post返回的结果：
//处理post返回的结果
connect(m_httpNetworkRequest, &HttpNetworkRequest::sendDealDataResult,
this, [&](int result, int type){
});
3 解析json数据
例如解析上面的示例中的json数据：
//解析code
if(m_jsonData.contains("code")){
qDebug()<<"code:"<<m_jsonData.value("code").toInt();
}
//解析array
if(m_jsonData.contains("people")){
QJsonValue peopleObject = m_jsonData.take("people");
if(peopleObject.isArray()){
QJsonArray peopleArray = peopleObject.toArray();
for(int i = 0;i < peopleArray.size();++i){
QJsonValue value = peopleArray.at(i);
qDebug()<<"name:"<<value["name"].toString();
qDebug()<<"height:"<<value["height"].toInt();
qDebug()<<"weight:"<<value["weight"].toDouble();
}
}
}
//解析obect
if(m_jsonData.contains("affiliation")){
QJsonValue affiliationValue = m_jsonData.value("affiliation");
QJsonObject affiliationObject = affiliationValue.toObject();
if(affiliationObject.contains("school")){
qDebug()<<"school:"<<affiliationObject.value("school").toString();
qDebug()<<"location:"<<affiliationObject.value("location").toString();
}
}
