运⾏时 就是代码跑起来了.被装载到内存中去了 . (你的代码保存在磁盘上没装⼊内存之前是个死家伙.只有跑到内存中才变成活的).⽽运⾏时类型检查就与前⾯讲的编译时类型检查(或者静态类型检查)不⼀样.不是简单的扫描代码.⽽是在内存中做些操作,做些判断. 即:编译器编译时会做一些操作和判断。
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runtime 的三种使用方式
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- Objective-C code @selector()
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- NSObject 的方法 NSSelectorFromString()
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- sel_registerName 函数 api
- sel_registerName 函数 api
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clang -rewrite-objc main.m -o main.cpp
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oc中的代码
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c++中的转化
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// 调用方法 = 消息发送 : objc_msgSend(消息的接受者,消息的主体(sel + 参数))
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[LGPerson alloc];等价于objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("LGPerson"), sel_registerName("alloc")); -
[person sayNB];等价于objc_msgSend(person, @selector(sayNB));等价于objc_msgSend(person, sel_registerName("sayNB")); -
这里修改为NO才能通过编译
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objc_super 结构体
- receiver : 消息发送的接收者 如person 对象
- super_class : 表示这个方法从哪个类中开始查找
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注意此时 person 继承自 teacher 最后调用到了父类的 sayHello 方法
_objc_msgSend 汇编源码分析
查找缓存前流程
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汇编
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cmp p0, #0 // nil check and tagged pointer checkp0寄存器中存放了函数的第一个参数即如:person对象,p0与#0 比较,消息接收者是否为空。 -
b.le LNilOrTagged // (MSB tagged pointer looks negative)判断是否为 tagged pointer 小对象类型 b 小于或等于 nil 或则 小对象 Yes: 进入 LNilOrTagged操作,NO:向下走 -
b.eq LReturnZero判断是否为空 YES:则跳转至 LReturnZero 进行操作 NO:向下走 -
ldr p13, [x0] // p13 = isaload 将[x0]数据写入到寄存器中 即:p13寄存器保存了 对象的isa -
GetClassFromIsa_p16 p13, 1, x0 // p16 = classisa & 掩码 找到 class 将类地址存入到p16寄存器中。.macro GetClassFromIsa_p16 src, needs_auth, auth_address /* note: auth_address is not required if !needs_auth */ #if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA // Indexed isa mov p16, \src // optimistically set dst = src tbz p16, #ISA_INDEX_IS_NPI_BIT, 1f // done if not non-pointer isa // isa in p16 is indexed adrp x10, _objc_indexed_classes@PAGE add x10, x10, _objc_indexed_classes@PAGEOFF ubfx p16, p16, #ISA_INDEX_SHIFT, #ISA_INDEX_BITS // extract index ldr p16, [x10, p16, UXTP #PTRSHIFT] // load class from array 1: #elif __LP64__ .if \needs_auth == 0 // _cache_getImp takes an authed class already mov p16, \src - 将p13寄存中的数据移动到p16寄存器中 .else // 64-bit packed isa ExtractISA p16, \src, \auth_address --- //将p13 & 掩码 后存入到 p16寄存器中,即:p16 存放了 class .endif #else // 32-bit raw isa mov p16, \src #endif .endmacro .macro ExtractISA and $0, $1, #ISA_MASK //将 $1 & 掩码 后存入到 $0 中 .endmacro- 上面的操作 通过 receiver 获取了 class :因为cache是存入在 class 中的,因为先找缓存中的方法
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CacheLookup NORMAL, _objc_msgSend, __objc_msgSend_uncached//开始查找缓存 -
总结上面的操作就是找到对象的类,放入到p16寄存器中。
上述流程图
CacheLookup 分析
// NORMAL, _objc_msgSend, __objc_msgSend_uncached , MissLabelConstant
- 传入参数 NORMAL _objc_msgSend __objc_msgSend_uncached
.macro CacheLookup Mode, Function, MissLabelDynamic, MissLabelConstant
// NORMAL, _objc_msgSend, __objc_msgSend_uncached , MissLabelConstant
.macro CacheLookup Mode, Function, MissLabelDynamic, MissLabelConstant
//
// Restart protocol:
//
// As soon as we're past the LLookupStart\Function label we may have
// loaded an invalid cache pointer or mask.
//
// When task_restartable_ranges_synchronize() is called,
// (or when a signal hits us) before we're past LLookupEnd\Function,
// then our PC will be reset to LLookupRecover\Function which forcefully
// jumps to the cache-miss codepath which have the following
// requirements:
//
// GETIMP:
// The cache-miss is just returning NULL (setting x0 to 0)
//
// NORMAL and LOOKUP:
// - x0 contains the receiver
// - x1 contains the selector
// - x16 contains the isa
// - other registers are set as per calling conventions
//
mov x15, x16 // stash the original isa
LLookupStart\Function:
// p1 = SEL, p16 = isa
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16_BIG_ADDRS
ldr p10, [x16, #CACHE] // p10 = mask|buckets
lsr p11, p10, #48 // p11 = mask
and p10, p10, #0xffffffffffff // p10 = buckets
and w12, w1, w11 // x12 = _cmd & mask
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
ldr p11, [x16, #CACHE] // p11 = mask|buckets
#if CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
tbnz p11, #0, LLookupPreopt\Function
and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff // p10 = buckets
#else
and p10, p11, #0x0000fffffffffffe // p10 = buckets
tbnz p11, #0, LLookupPreopt\Function
#endif
eor p12, p1, p1, LSR #7
and p12, p12, p11, LSR #48 // x12 = (_cmd ^ (_cmd >> 7)) & mask
#else
// p11 cache -> p10 = buckets
// p11, LSR #48 -> mask
// p1(_cmd) & mask = index -> p12
and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff // p10 = buckets
and p12, p1, p11, LSR #48 // x12 = _cmd & mask
#endif // CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
ldr p11, [x16, #CACHE] // p11 = mask|buckets
and p10, p11, #~0xf // p10 = buckets
and p11, p11, #0xf // p11 = maskShift
mov p12, #0xffff
lsr p11, p12, p11 // p11 = mask = 0xffff >> p11
and p12, p1, p11 // x12 = _cmd & mask
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif
// objc - 源码调试 + 汇编
// p11 cache -> p10 = buckets
// p1(_cmd) & mask = index -> p12
// (_cmd & mask) << 4 -> int 1 2 3 4 5 地址->int
// buckets + 内存平移 (1 2 3 4)
// b[i] -> b + i
// p13 当前查找bucket
add p13, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p13 = buckets + ((_cmd & mask) << (1+PTRSHIFT))
// do {
// *bucket-- p17, p9
// bucket 里面的东西 imp (p17) sel (p9)
// 查到的 sel (p9) 和我们 say1
1: ldp p17, p9, [x13], #-BUCKET_SIZE // {imp, sel} = *bucket--
cmp p9, p1 // if (sel != _cmd) {
b.ne 3f // scan more
// } else {
2: CacheHit \Mode // hit: call or return imp
// }
3: cbz p9, \MissLabelDynamic // if (sel == 0) goto Miss;
cmp p13, p10 // } while (bucket >= buckets)
b.hs 1b
// wrap-around:
// p10 = first bucket
// p11 = mask (and maybe other bits on LP64)
// p12 = _cmd & mask
//
// A full cache can happen with CACHE_ALLOW_FULL_UTILIZATION.
// So stop when we circle back to the first probed bucket
// rather than when hitting the first bucket again.
//
// Note that we might probe the initial bucket twice
// when the first probed slot is the last entry.
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16_BIG_ADDRS
add p13, p10, w11, UXTW #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p13 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
add p13, p10, p11, LSR #(48 - (1+PTRSHIFT))
// p13 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
// see comment about maskZeroBits
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
add p13, p10, p11, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p13 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif
add p12, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p12 = first probed bucket
// do {
4: ldp p17, p9, [x13], #-BUCKET_SIZE // {imp, sel} = *bucket--
cmp p9, p1 // if (sel == _cmd)
b.eq 2b // goto hit
cmp p9, #0 // } while (sel != 0 &&
ccmp p13, p12, #0, ne // bucket > first_probed)
b.hi 4b
LLookupEnd\Function:
LLookupRecover\Function:
b \MissLabelDynamic
#if CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE != CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
#error config unsupported
#endif
LLookupPreopt\Function:
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
and p10, p11, #0x007ffffffffffffe // p10 = buckets
autdb x10, x16 // auth as early as possible
#endif
// x12 = (_cmd - first_shared_cache_sel)
adrp x9, _MagicSelRef@PAGE
ldr p9, [x9, _MagicSelRef@PAGEOFF]
sub p12, p1, p9
// w9 = ((_cmd - first_shared_cache_sel) >> hash_shift & hash_mask)
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
// bits 63..60 of x11 are the number of bits in hash_mask
// bits 59..55 of x11 is hash_shift
lsr x17, x11, #55 // w17 = (hash_shift, ...)
lsr w9, w12, w17 // >>= shift
lsr x17, x11, #60 // w17 = mask_bits
mov x11, #0x7fff
lsr x11, x11, x17 // p11 = mask (0x7fff >> mask_bits)
and x9, x9, x11 // &= mask
#else
// bits 63..53 of x11 is hash_mask
// bits 52..48 of x11 is hash_shift
lsr x17, x11, #48 // w17 = (hash_shift, hash_mask)
lsr w9, w12, w17 // >>= shift
and x9, x9, x11, LSR #53 // &= mask
#endif
ldr x17, [x10, x9, LSL #3] // x17 == sel_offs | (imp_offs << 32)
cmp x12, w17, uxtw
.if \Mode == GETIMP
b.ne \MissLabelConstant // cache miss
sub x0, x16, x17, LSR #32 // imp = isa - imp_offs
SignAsImp x0
ret
.else
b.ne 5f // cache miss
sub x17, x16, x17, LSR #32 // imp = isa - imp_offs
.if \Mode == NORMAL
br x17
.elseif \Mode == LOOKUP
orr x16, x16, #3 // for instrumentation, note that we hit a constant cache
SignAsImp x17
ret
.else
.abort unhandled mode \Mode
.endif
5: ldursw x9, [x10, #-8] // offset -8 is the fallback offset
add x16, x16, x9 // compute the fallback isa
b LLookupStart\Function // lookup again with a new isa
.endif
#endif // CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
.endmacro
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mov x15, x16// stash the original isa ,将x16寄存器的值移动到x15寄存器
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- 开始查找方法
- 开始查找方法
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ldr p11, [x16, #CACHE]// p11 = mask|buckets //将 x16 寄存器的数据平移 #CACHE的大小后 存放到p11中。即:类class平移 0x10 找到了缓存地址 cache_t [x16, #CACHE] = cache_t = p11
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#define CACHE (2 * SIZEOF_POINTER) // 2*指针的大小 = 16字节
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- 真机环境进入这里 为了直接查看源码 这里直接查看模拟器架构的内容直接查看 第6步
and p10, p11, #0x0000fffffffffffe// p10 = buckets & 掩码 获取真正的地址 放到 p10tbnz p11, #0, LLookupPreopt\Function//p11 与 0 作比较 缓存与0比较,测试位不为0发生跳转,为0 则继续往下走 进行查找。
- 真机环境进入这里 为了直接查看源码 这里直接查看模拟器架构的内容直接查看 第6步
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- hash值计算下标index 存入 p12 这里是真机部分
- 真机与模拟器之间的查边就在于
- 真机计算hash值时进行了 右移7位 并 进行了 异或操作。
- 模拟器则是直接 & mask
- eor p12, p1, p1, LSR #7 //这个是真机架构下的操作
- and p12, p12, p11, LSR #48 // x12 = (_cmd ^ (_cmd >> 7)) & mask
- 这里与插入时计算hash值做同样的处理
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// p1 = SEL, p16 = isa
ldr p10, [x16, #CACHE] // p10 = mask|buckets
lsr p11, p10, #48 // p11 = mask #48就是 maskShit mask掩码
and p10, p10, #0xffffffffffff // p10 = buckets & bucket掩码
and w12, w1, w11 // x12 = _cmd & mask
// objc - 源码调试 + 汇编
// p11 cache -> p10 = buckets
// p1(_cmd) & mask = index -> p12
// (_cmd & mask) << 4 -> int 1 2 3 4 5 地址->int
// buckets + 内存平移 (1 2 3 4)
// b[i] -> b + i
// p13 当前查找bucket
// PTRSHIFT = 3
add p13, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p13 = buckets + ((_cmd & mask) << (1+PTRSHIFT))
// do {
// *bucket-- p17, p9
// bucket 里面的东西 imp (p17) sel (p9)
// 查到的 sel (p9) 和我们 say1
1: ldp p17, p9, [x13], #-BUCKET_SIZE // {imp, sel} = *bucket--
cmp p9, p1 // if (sel != _cmd) {
b.ne 3f // scan more
// } else {
2: CacheHit \Mode // hit: call or return imp
// }
3: cbz p9, \MissLabelDynamic // if (sel == 0) goto Miss;
cmp p13, p10 // } while (bucket >= buckets)
b.hs 1b //跳转到步骤1
总结
目标: objc_msgSend(receiver,_cmd) sel->imp //主要目的:通过方法名找到方法的地址
- 1.receiver 是否存在
- 2.receiver -> isa -> class(p16)
- 3.class -> 内存平移 -> cache (bucket mask)
- 4.bucket 掩码 -> bucket
- 5.mask掩码 -> mask
- 6.insert 哈希函数 (mask_t)(value & mask)
- 7.第一次查找 index
- 8.bucket+index 整个缓存里面的第几个bucket
- 9.bucket{imp sel}
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- sel == _cmd -> cacheHit -> imp ^ isa = imp(br) call 调用 imp
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- 不相等 bucket -- 再次平移 找到下一个bucket ,即遍历查找
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- 死循环 遍历
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- 一直找不到 __objc_msgSend_uncached