一、简介
1 粒子群算法的概念
粒子群优化算法(PSO：Particle swarm optimization) 是一种进化计算技术（evolutionary computation）。源于对鸟群捕食的行为研究。粒子群优化算法的基本思想：是通过群体中个体之间的协作和信息共享来寻找最优解．
PSO的优势：在于简单容易实现并且没有许多参数的调节。目前已被广泛应用于函数优化、神经网络训练、模糊系统控制以及其他遗传算法的应用领域。
2 粒子群算法分析
2.1基本思想
粒子群算法通过设计一种无质量的粒子来模拟鸟群中的鸟，粒子仅具有两个属性：速度和位置，速度代表移动的快慢，位置代表移动的方向。每个粒子在搜索空间中单独的搜寻最优解，并将其记为当前个体极值，并将个体极值与整个粒子群里的其他粒子共享，找到最优的那个个体极值作为整个粒子群的当前全局最优解，粒子群中的所有粒子根据自己找到的当前个体极值和整个粒子群共享的当前全局最优解来调整自己的速度和位置。下面的动图很形象地展示了PSO算法的过程：
2 更新规则
PSO初始化为一群随机粒子(随机解)。然后通过迭代找到最优解。在每一次的迭代中，粒子通过跟踪两个“极值”(pbest，gbest)来更新自己。在找到这两个最优值后，粒子通过下面的公式来更新自己的速度和位置。
公式(1)的第一部分称为【记忆项】，表示上次速度大小和方向的影响；公式(1)的第二部分称为【自身认知项】，是从当前点指向粒子自身最好点的一个矢量，表示粒子的动作来源于自己经验的部分；公式(1)的第三部分称为【群体认知项】，是一个从当前点指向种群最好点的矢量，反映了粒子间的协同合作和知识共享。粒子就是通过自己的经验和同伴中最好的经验来决定下一步的运动。以上面两个公式为基础，形成了PSO的标准形式。
公式(2)和 公式(3)被视为标准PSO算法。
3 PSO算法的流程和伪代码
二、源代码
function varargout = GUI_PSO(varargin)
% GUI_PSO MATLAB code for GUI_PSO.fig
% GUI_PSO, by itself, creates a new GUI_PSO or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = GUI_PSO returns the handle to a new GUI_PSO or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% GUI_PSO('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in GUI_PSO.MyFirstText with the given input arguments.
%
% GUI_PSO('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_PSO or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before GUI_PSO_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stopf. All inputs are passed to GUI_PSO_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help GUI_PSO
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 20-May-2015 09:59:43
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @GUI_PSO_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @GUI_PSO_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before GUI_PSO is made visible.
function GUI_PSO_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to GUI_PSO (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for GUI_PSO
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes GUI_PSO wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = GUI_PSO_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function popsize_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popsize (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of popsize as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of popsize as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function popsize_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popsize (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function stopf_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to stopf (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of stopf as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of stopf as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function stopf_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to stopf (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function c1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to c1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of c1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of c1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function c1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to c1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function c2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to c2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of c2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of c2 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function c2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to c2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function w1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to w1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of w1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of w1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function w1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to w1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
三、运行结果
四、备注
版本：2014a
