python爬取所有股票数据并保存到excel文件

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import time
import json
import xlwt
 
def get_list(url):
    
    # 股票代码链接
    res=requests.get(url)
    res.encoding='utf-8'
    
    # 完整HTML
    html=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    
    # 股票代码列表
    stockList=[]
    
    for item in html.select('.stockTable a'):
        try:
            stockObj={}
            stockObj['name']=item.text
            stockObj['url']=item.get('href')
            stockList.append(stockObj)
        except:
            print('出现异常')
            
    return stockList
 
 
def get_detail(url):
 
    # 股票链接
    res=requests.get(url)
    res.encoding='utf-8'
    
    # 完整HTML
    html=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    
    # 股票对象
    result={}
    result['title']=''
    result['code']=''
    result['state']=''
    result['nowtime']=''
    result['url']=''
    result['maxheight']=''
    result['minheight']=''
    result['childTitles']=[]
    result['childValues']=[]
    
    try:
        # 股票名称
        result['title']=html.select('.stock_title h1')[0].text
    except:
        print('读取股票名称，出现异常',url)
    
    try:
        # 股票代码
        result['code']=html.select('.stock_title h2')[0].text
    except:
        print('读取股票代码，出现异常',url)
    
    try:
        # 股票状态
        result['state']=html.select('.stock_title em')[0].text
    except:
        print('读取股票状态，出现异常',url)
        
    try:
       # 当前时间
        result['nowtime']=html.select('.stock_title time')[0].text
    except:
        print('读取当前时间，出现异常',url)
    
    try:
       # 股票链接
       result['url']=url
    except:
        print('读取股票链接，出现异常',url)
        
    try:
       # 最高
        result['maxheight']=html.select('.s_height dd')[0].text
    except:
        print('读取最高，出现异常',url)
        
    try:
       # 最低
        result['minheight']=html.select('.s_height dd')[1].text
    except:
        print('读取最低，出现异常',url)
    
    try:
       # 股票各项指数标题
       childTitles=[]
       for item in html.select('.s_date dt'):
           childTitles.append(item.text)
       result['childTitles']=childTitles
    except:
        print('读取股票各项指数值，出现异常',url)
    
    try:
       # 股票各项指数值
       childValues=[]
       for item in html.select('.s_date dd'):
           childValues.append(item.text)
       result['childValues']=childValues
    except:
        print('读取股票各项指数值，出现异常',url)
    
    return result
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":          #主函数
 
    # 获取股票代码列表
    stockList=get_list('https://hq.gucheng.com/gpdmylb.html')
    
    # 获取股票各项指数标题列表
    firstChildTitleList=get_detail(stockList[0]['url'])['childTitles']
    
    print('获取到'+str(len(stockList))+'个股票代码')
    
    # 创建工作簿
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    
    # 创建工作表
    sheet = book.add_sheet('股票代码')
    
    # 创建固定表头
    head = ['股票名称','股票代码','状态','时间','网址','最高','最低']
    for h in range(len(head)):
        sheet.write(0,h,head[h])
        
    #追加各项指标表头
    for h in range(len(firstChildTitleList)):
        sheet.write(0,len(head)+int(h),firstChildTitleList[h])
    
    # 写入固定列数据
    for i,item in enumerate(stockList):
        try:
            stockObj=get_detail(item['url'])
            sheet.write(i+1,0,stockObj['title'])
            sheet.write(i+1,1,stockObj['code'])
            sheet.write(i+1,2,stockObj['state'])
            sheet.write(i+1,3,stockObj['nowtime'])
            sheet.write(i+1,4,stockObj['url'])
            sheet.write(i+1,5,stockObj['maxheight'])
            sheet.write(i+1,6,stockObj['minheight'])
            
            # 写入各项指标列数据
            for j,child in enumerate(stockObj['childValues']):
                sheet.write(i+1,7+j,child)
            
            print (str(i),'写入成功')
            # print (str(i),'写入成功',stockObj)
        except:
            print (str(i),'出现异常',stockObj['url'])
 
    book.save('股票代码.xls')
    
    print('写入完毕！>>股票代码.xls')