Update
Vue的_update是实例的一个私有方法，他被调用的时机有两个，一个是首次渲染，一个是数据更新的时候；数据更新部分会在之后分析响应式原理的时候涉及。_ _ update方法的作用是吧VNode渲染成真实的DOM，他的定义在src/core/instance/lifecycle.js中:
Vue.prototype._update = function (vnode: VNode, hydrating?: boolean) {
const vm: Component = this
const prevEl = vm.$el
const prevVnode = vm._vnode
const restoreActiveInstance = setActiveInstance(vm)
vm._vnode = vnode
// Vue.prototype.__patch__ is injected in entry points
// based on the rendering backend used.
if (!prevVnode) {
// initial render
vm.$el = vm.__patch__(vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false /* removeOnly */)
} else {
// updates
vm.$el = vm.__patch__(prevVnode, vnode)
}
restoreActiveInstance()
// update __vue__ reference
if (prevEl) {
prevEl.__vue__ = null
}
if (vm.$el) {
vm.$el.__vue__ = vm
}
// if parent is an HOC, update its $el as well
if (vm.$vnode && vm.$parent && vm.$vnode === vm.$parent._vnode) {
vm.$parent.$el = vm.$el
}
// updated hook is called by the scheduler to ensure that children are
// updated in a parent's updated hook.
}
_ update 的核心就是调用vm.__ patch __ 方法，这个方法实际上在不同的平台，比如web和weex上的定义是不一样的，因此在web平台中他的定义在src/platforms/web/runtime/index.js中：
Vue.prototype.__patch__ = in Browser ? patch : noop
可以看到甚至在web平台上，是否服务端渲染也会对这个方法产生影响。因为在服务端渲染中，没有真实得浏览器DOM环境，所以不需要吧VNode最终转化成DOM，因此就是一个空函数，而在浏览器渲染中，他指向了patch方法，他的定义在src/platforms/web/runtime/patch.js中：
/* @flow */
import * as nodeOps from 'web/runtime/node-ops'
import { createPatchFunction } from 'core/vdom/patch'
import baseModules from 'core/vdom/modules/index'
import platformModules from 'web/runtime/modules/index'
// the directive module should be applied last, after all
// built-in modules have been applied.
const modules = platformModules.concat(baseModules)
export const patch: Function = createPatchFunction({ nodeOps, modules })
该方法的定义式调用createPatchFunction方法的返回值，这里传入一个对象，包含nodeOps参数和modules参数。其中，nodeOps封装了一系列DOM操作的方法，modules定义了一些模块的钩子函数的实现，我们这里先不详细介绍，来看一下createPatchFunction的实现，它定义在src/core/vdom/patch.js中：
export function createPatchFunction (backend) {
let i, j
const cbs = {}
const { modules, nodeOps } = backend
for (i = 0; i < hooks.length; ++i) {
cbs[hooks[i]] = []
for (j = 0; j < modules.length; ++j) {
if (isDef(modules[j][hooks[i]])) {
cbs[hooks[i]].push(modules[j][hooks[i]])
}
}
}
function emptyNodeAt (elm) {
return new VNode(nodeOps.tagName(elm).toLowerCase(), {}, [], undefined, elm)
}
function createRmCb (childElm, listeners) {
function remove () {
if (--remove.listeners === 0) {
removeNode(childElm)
}
}
remove.listeners = listeners
return remove
}
function removeNode (el) {
const parent = nodeOps.parentNode(el)
// element may have already been removed due to v-html / v-text
if (isDef(parent)) {
nodeOps.removeChild(parent, el)
}
}
function isUnknownElement (vnode, inVPre) {
return (
!inVPre &&
!vnode.ns &&
!(
config.ignoredElements.length &&
config.ignoredElements.some(ignore => {
return isRegExp(ignore)
? ignore.test(vnode.tag)
: ignore === vnode.tag
})
) &&
config.isUnknownElement(vnode.tag)
)
}
let creatingElmInVPre = 0
function createElm (
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
parentElm,
refElm,
nested,
ownerArray,
index
) {
if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
// This vnode was used in a previous render!
// now it's used as a new node, overwriting its elm would cause
// potential patch errors down the road when it's used as an insertion
// reference node. Instead, we clone the node on-demand before creating
// associated DOM element for it.
vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)
}
vnode.isRootInsert = !nested // for transition enter check
if (createComponent(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm)) {
return
}
const data = vnode.data
const children = vnode.children
const tag = vnode.tag
if (isDef(tag)) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (data && data.pre) {
creatingElmInVPre++
}
if (isUnknownElement(vnode, creatingElmInVPre)) {
warn(
'Unknown custom element: <' + tag + '> - did you ' +
'register the component correctly? For recursive components, ' +
'make sure to provide the "name" option.',
vnode.context
)
}
}
vnode.elm = vnode.ns
? nodeOps.createElementNS(vnode.ns, tag)
: nodeOps.createElement(tag, vnode)
setScope(vnode)
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (__WEEX__) {
// in Weex, the default insertion order is parent-first.
// List items can be optimized to use children-first insertion
// with append="tree".
const appendAsTree = isDef(data) && isTrue(data.appendAsTree)
if (!appendAsTree) {
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
if (appendAsTree) {
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
} else {
createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && data && data.pre) {
creatingElmInVPre--
}
} else if (isTrue(vnode.isComment)) {
vnode.elm = nodeOps.createComment(vnode.text)
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
} else {
vnode.elm = nodeOps.createTextNode(vnode.text)
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
}
function createComponent (vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm) {
let i = vnode.data
if (isDef(i)) {
const isReactivated = isDef(vnode.componentInstance) && i.keepAlive
if (isDef(i = i.hook) && isDef(i = i.init)) {
i(vnode, false /* hydrating */)
}
// after calling the init hook, if the vnode is a child component
// it should've created a child instance and mounted it. the child
// component also has set the placeholder vnode's elm.
// in that case we can just return the element and be done.
if (isDef(vnode.componentInstance)) {
initComponent(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
if (isTrue(isReactivated)) {
reactivateComponent(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm)
}
return true
}
}
}
function initComponent (vnode, insertedVnodeQueue) {
if (isDef(vnode.data.pendingInsert)) {
insertedVnodeQueue.push.apply(insertedVnodeQueue, vnode.data.pendingInsert)
vnode.data.pendingInsert = null
}
vnode.elm = vnode.componentInstance.$el
if (isPatchable(vnode)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
setScope(vnode)
} else {
// empty component root.
// skip all element-related modules except for ref (#3455)
registerRef(vnode)
// make sure to invoke the insert hook
insertedVnodeQueue.push(vnode)
}
}
function reactivateComponent (vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm) {
let i
// hack for #4339: a reactivated component with inner transition
// does not trigger because the inner node's created hooks are not called
// again. It's not ideal to involve module-specific logic in here but
// there doesn't seem to be a better way to do it.
let innerNode = vnode
while (innerNode.componentInstance) {
innerNode = innerNode.componentInstance._vnode
if (isDef(i = innerNode.data) && isDef(i = i.transition)) {
for (i = 0; i < cbs.activate.length; ++i) {
cbs.activate[i](emptyNode, innerNode)
}
insertedVnodeQueue.push(innerNode)
break
}
}
// unlike a newly created component,
// a reactivated keep-alive component doesn't insert itself
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
function insert (parent, elm, ref) {
if (isDef(parent)) {
if (isDef(ref)) {
if (nodeOps.parentNode(ref) === parent) {
nodeOps.insertBefore(parent, elm, ref)
}
} else {
nodeOps.appendChild(parent, elm)
}
}
}
function createChildren (vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue) {
if (Array.isArray(children)) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkDuplicateKeys(children)
}
for (let i = 0; i < children.length; ++i) {
createElm(children[i], insertedVnodeQueue, vnode.elm, null, true, children, i)
}
} else if (isPrimitive(vnode.text)) {
nodeOps.appendChild(vnode.elm, nodeOps.createTextNode(String(vnode.text)))
}
}
function isPatchable (vnode) {
while (vnode.componentInstance) {
vnode = vnode.componentInstance._vnode
}
return isDef(vnode.tag)
}
function invokeCreateHooks (vnode, insertedVnodeQueue) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) {
cbs.create[i](emptyNode, vnode)
}
i = vnode.data.hook // Reuse variable
if (isDef(i)) {
if (isDef(i.create)) i.create(emptyNode, vnode)
if (isDef(i.insert)) insertedVnodeQueue.push(vnode)
}
}
// set scope id attribute for scoped CSS.
// this is implemented as a special case to avoid the overhead
// of going through the normal attribute patching process.
function setScope (vnode) {
let i
if (isDef(i = vnode.fnScopeId)) {
nodeOps.setStyleScope(vnode.elm, i)
} else {
let ancestor = vnode
while (ancestor) {
if (isDef(i = ancestor.context) && isDef(i = i.$options._scopeId)) {
nodeOps.setStyleScope(vnode.elm, i)
}
ancestor = ancestor.parent
}
}
// for slot content they should also get the scopeId from the host instance.
if (isDef(i = activeInstance) &&
i !== vnode.context &&
i !== vnode.fnContext &&
isDef(i = i.$options._scopeId)
) {
nodeOps.setStyleScope(vnode.elm, i)
}
}
function addVnodes (parentElm, refElm, vnodes, startIdx, endIdx, insertedVnodeQueue) {
for (; startIdx <= endIdx; ++startIdx) {
createElm(vnodes[startIdx], insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm, false, vnodes, startIdx)
}
}
function invokeDestroyHook (vnode) {
let i, j
const data = vnode.data
if (isDef(data)) {
if (isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.destroy)) i(vnode)
for (i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) cbs.destroy[i](vnode)
}
if (isDef(i = vnode.children)) {
for (j = 0; j < vnode.children.length; ++j) {
invokeDestroyHook(vnode.children[j])
}
}
}
function removeVnodes (vnodes, startIdx, endIdx) {
for (; startIdx <= endIdx; ++startIdx) {
const ch = vnodes[startIdx]
if (isDef(ch)) {
if (isDef(ch.tag)) {
removeAndInvokeRemoveHook(ch)
invokeDestroyHook(ch)
} else { // Text node
removeNode(ch.elm)
}
}
}
}
function removeAndInvokeRemoveHook (vnode, rm) {
if (isDef(rm) || isDef(vnode.data)) {
let i
const listeners = cbs.remove.length + 1
if (isDef(rm)) {
// we have a recursively passed down rm callback
// increase the listeners count
rm.listeners += listeners
} else {
// directly removing
rm = createRmCb(vnode.elm, listeners)
}
// recursively invoke hooks on child component root node
if (isDef(i = vnode.componentInstance) && isDef(i = i._vnode) && isDef(i.data)) {
removeAndInvokeRemoveHook(i, rm)
}
for (i = 0; i < cbs.remove.length; ++i) {
cbs.remove[i](vnode, rm)
}
if (isDef(i = vnode.data.hook) && isDef(i = i.remove)) {
i(vnode, rm)
} else {
rm()
}
} else {
removeNode(vnode.elm)
}
}
function updateChildren (parentElm, oldCh, newCh, insertedVnodeQueue, removeOnly) {
let oldStartIdx = 0
let newStartIdx = 0
let oldEndIdx = oldCh.length - 1
let oldStartVnode = oldCh[0]
let oldEndVnode = oldCh[oldEndIdx]
let newEndIdx = newCh.length - 1
let newStartVnode = newCh[0]
let newEndVnode = newCh[newEndIdx]
let oldKeyToIdx, idxInOld, vnodeToMove, refElm
// removeOnly is a special flag used only by <transition-group>
// to ensure removed elements stay in correct relative positions
// during leaving transitions
const canMove = !removeOnly
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkDuplicateKeys(newCh)
}
while (oldStartIdx <= oldEndIdx && newStartIdx <= newEndIdx) {
if (isUndef(oldStartVnode)) {
oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx] // Vnode has been moved left
} else if (isUndef(oldEndVnode)) {
oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newStartVnode)) {
patchVnode(oldStartVnode, newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newStartIdx)
oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newEndVnode)) {
patchVnode(oldEndVnode, newEndVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newEndIdx)
oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newEndVnode)) { // Vnode moved right
patchVnode(oldStartVnode, newEndVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newEndIdx)
canMove && nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, oldStartVnode.elm, nodeOps.nextSibling(oldEndVnode.elm))
oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newStartVnode)) { // Vnode moved left
patchVnode(oldEndVnode, newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newStartIdx)
canMove && nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, oldEndVnode.elm, oldStartVnode.elm)
oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
} else {
if (isUndef(oldKeyToIdx)) oldKeyToIdx = createKeyToOldIdx(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
idxInOld = isDef(newStartVnode.key)
? oldKeyToIdx[newStartVnode.key]
: findIdxInOld(newStartVnode, oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
if (isUndef(idxInOld)) { // New element
createElm(newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, oldStartVnode.elm, false, newCh, newStartIdx)
} else {
vnodeToMove = oldCh[idxInOld]
if (sameVnode(vnodeToMove, newStartVnode)) {
patchVnode(vnodeToMove, newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newStartIdx)
oldCh[idxInOld] = undefined
canMove && nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, vnodeToMove.elm, oldStartVnode.elm)
} else {
// same key but different element. treat as new element
createElm(newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, oldStartVnode.elm, false, newCh, newStartIdx)
}
}
newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
}
}
if (oldStartIdx > oldEndIdx) {
refElm = isUndef(newCh[newEndIdx + 1]) ? null : newCh[newEndIdx + 1].elm
addVnodes(parentElm, refElm, newCh, newStartIdx, newEndIdx, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else if (newStartIdx > newEndIdx) {
removeVnodes(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
}
}
function checkDuplicateKeys (children) {
const seenKeys = {}
for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
const vnode = children[i]
const key = vnode.key
if (isDef(key)) {
if (seenKeys[key]) {
warn(
`Duplicate keys detected: '${key}'. This may cause an update error.`,
vnode.context
)
} else {
seenKeys[key] = true
}
}
}
}
function findIdxInOld (node, oldCh, start, end) {
for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
const c = oldCh[i]
if (isDef(c) && sameVnode(node, c)) return i
}
}
function patchVnode (
oldVnode,
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
ownerArray,
index,
removeOnly
) {
if (oldVnode === vnode) {
return
}
if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
// clone reused vnode
vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)
}
const elm = vnode.elm = oldVnode.elm
if (isTrue(oldVnode.isAsyncPlaceholder)) {
if (isDef(vnode.asyncFactory.resolved)) {
hydrate(oldVnode.elm, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else {
vnode.isAsyncPlaceholder = true
}
return
}
// reuse element for static trees.
// note we only do this if the vnode is cloned -
// if the new node is not cloned it means the render functions have been
// reset by the hot-reload-api and we need to do a proper re-render.
if (isTrue(vnode.isStatic) &&
isTrue(oldVnode.isStatic) &&
vnode.key === oldVnode.key &&
(isTrue(vnode.isCloned) || isTrue(vnode.isOnce))
) {
vnode.componentInstance = oldVnode.componentInstance
return
}
let i
const data = vnode.data
if (isDef(data) && isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.prepatch)) {
i(oldVnode, vnode)
}
const oldCh = oldVnode.children
const ch = vnode.children
if (isDef(data) && isPatchable(vnode)) {
for (i = 0; i < cbs.update.length; ++i) cbs.update[i](oldVnode, vnode)
if (isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.update)) i(oldVnode, vnode)
}
if (isUndef(vnode.text)) {
if (isDef(oldCh) && isDef(ch)) {
if (oldCh !== ch) updateChildren(elm, oldCh, ch, insertedVnodeQueue, removeOnly)
} else if (isDef(ch)) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkDuplicateKeys(ch)
}
if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
addVnodes(elm, null, ch, 0, ch.length - 1, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else if (isDef(oldCh)) {
removeVnodes(oldCh, 0, oldCh.length - 1)
} else if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) {
nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
}
} else if (oldVnode.text !== vnode.text) {
nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, vnode.text)
}
if (isDef(data)) {
if (isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.postpatch)) i(oldVnode, vnode)
}
}
function invokeInsertHook (vnode, queue, initial) {
// delay insert hooks for component root nodes, invoke them after the
// element is really inserted
if (isTrue(initial) && isDef(vnode.parent)) {
vnode.parent.data.pendingInsert = queue
} else {
for (let i = 0; i < queue.length; ++i) {
queue[i].data.hook.insert(queue[i])
}
}
}
let hydrationBailed = false
// list of modules that can skip create hook during hydration because they
// are already rendered on the client or has no need for initialization
// Note: style is excluded because it relies on initial clone for future
// deep updates (#7063).
const isRenderedModule = makeMap('attrs,class,staticClass,staticStyle,key')
// Note: this is a browser-only function so we can assume elms are DOM nodes.
function hydrate (elm, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, inVPre) {
let i
const { tag, data, children } = vnode
inVPre = inVPre || (data && data.pre)
vnode.elm = elm
if (isTrue(vnode.isComment) && isDef(vnode.asyncFactory)) {
vnode.isAsyncPlaceholder = true
return true
}
// assert node match
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (!assertNodeMatch(elm, vnode, inVPre)) {
return false
}
}
if (isDef(data)) {
if (isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.init)) i(vnode, true /* hydrating */)
if (isDef(i = vnode.componentInstance)) {
// child component. it should have hydrated its own tree.
initComponent(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
return true
}
}
if (isDef(tag)) {
if (isDef(children)) {
// empty element, allow client to pick up and populate children
if (!elm.hasChildNodes()) {
createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else {
// v-html and domProps: innerHTML
if (isDef(i = data) && isDef(i = i.domProps) && isDef(i = i.innerHTML)) {
if (i !== elm.innerHTML) {
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
typeof console !== 'undefined' &&
!hydrationBailed
) {
hydrationBailed = true
console.warn('Parent: ', elm)
console.warn('server innerHTML: ', i)
console.warn('client innerHTML: ', elm.innerHTML)
}
return false
}
} else {
// iterate and compare children lists
let childrenMatch = true
let childNode = elm.firstChild
for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
if (!childNode || !hydrate(childNode, children[i], insertedVnodeQueue, inVPre)) {
childrenMatch = false
break
}
childNode = childNode.nextSibling
}
// if childNode is not null, it means the actual childNodes list is
// longer than the virtual children list.
if (!childrenMatch || childNode) {
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
typeof console !== 'undefined' &&
!hydrationBailed
) {
hydrationBailed = true
console.warn('Parent: ', elm)
console.warn('Mismatching childNodes vs. VNodes: ', elm.childNodes, children)
}
return false
}
}
}
}
if (isDef(data)) {
let fullInvoke = false
for (const key in data) {
if (!isRenderedModule(key)) {
fullInvoke = true
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
break
}
}
if (!fullInvoke && data['class']) {
// ensure collecting deps for deep class bindings for future updates
traverse(data['class'])
}
}
} else if (elm.data !== vnode.text) {
elm.data = vnode.text
}
return true
}
function assertNodeMatch (node, vnode, inVPre) {
if (isDef(vnode.tag)) {
return vnode.tag.indexOf('vue-component') === 0 || (
!isUnknownElement(vnode, inVPre) &&
vnode.tag.toLowerCase() === (node.tagName && node.tagName.toLowerCase())
)
} else {
return node.nodeType === (vnode.isComment ? 8 : 3)
}
}
return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) {
if (isUndef(vnode)) {
if (isDef(oldVnode)) invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
return
}
let isInitialPatch = false
const insertedVnodeQueue = []
if (isUndef(oldVnode)) {
// empty mount (likely as component), create new root element
isInitialPatch = true
createElm(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else {
const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
// patch existing root node
patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly)
} else {
if (isRealElement) {
// mounting to a real element
// check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform
// a successful hydration.
if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) {
oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR)
hydrating = true
}
if (isTrue(hydrating)) {
if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) {
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true)
return oldVnode
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(
'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' +
'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' +
'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' +
'<p>, or missing <tbody>. Bailing hydration and performing ' +
'full client-side render.'
)
}
}
// either not server-rendered, or hydration failed.
// create an empty node and replace it
oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)
}
// replacing existing element
const oldElm = oldVnode.elm
const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm)
// create new node
createElm(
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
// extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a
// leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition +
// keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590)
oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm,
nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm)
)
// update parent placeholder node element, recursively
if (isDef(vnode.parent)) {
let ancestor = vnode.parent
const patchable = isPatchable(vnode)
while (ancestor) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) {
cbs.destroy[i](ancestor)
}
ancestor.elm = vnode.elm
if (patchable) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) {
cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor)
}
// #6513
// invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks.
// e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook.
const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert
if (insert.merged) {
// start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook
for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) {
insert.fns[i]()
}
}
} else {
registerRef(ancestor)
}
ancestor = ancestor.parent
}
}
// destroy old node
if (isDef(parentElm)) {
removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0)
} else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) {
invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
}
}
}
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, isInitialPatch)
return vnode.elm
}
}
createPatchFunction内部定义了一系列的辅助方法，最终返回一个patch方法，这个方法就赋值给了vm._ update函数里调用的vm.__ patch __ 。
在介绍 patch 的方法实现之前，我们可以思考一下为何Vue.js源码饶了这么一大圈，吧相关的代码分散到各个目录。因为前面介绍过，patch是平台相关的，在web和weex环境，他们吧虚拟DOM映射到“平台DOM”的方法是不同的，并且对“DOM”包括的属性模块创建和更新也不尽相同。因此每个平台都有各自的nodemOps和modules了，他们的代码需要托管在src/platforms这个大目录下。
而不同平台的patch的主要逻辑部分是相同的，所以这部分公共的部分托管在core这个大目录下。差异化部分只需要通过参数来区别，这里用到了一个函数柯里化的技巧，通过createPatchFunction吧差异化参数提前固话，这样不用每次调用patch的时候都传递nodeOps和modules了，这种编程技巧也非常值得学习。
在这里，nodeOps表示对“平台DOM”的一些操作方法，modules表示平台的一些模块，他们会在整个patch过程的不同阶段执行相同的钩子函数。
回到patch方法本身，他接收4个参数，oldVnode表示旧的Vnode节点，他也可以不存在或者是一个DOM节点；vnode表示执行_ render后返回VNode的节点；hydrating表示是否是服务端渲染；removeOnly是给transition-group用的。
patch的逻辑看上去相对复杂，因为它有着非常多的分支逻辑，为了方便理解，我们并不会介绍所有的逻辑，仅会针对我们之前的例子分析他的执行逻辑。之后我们对其他场景做源码分析的时候会再次回顾patch方法。
先来回顾我们的例子：
var app = new Vue ({
el: "#app",
render: function (createElement) {
return createElement('div', {
attrs: {
id: "app"
}
}, this.message)
},
data: {
message: "Hello Vue!"
}
})
然后我们在vm._ update的方法里是这么调用patch方法的：
// initial render
vm.$el = vm.__ patch __(vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false)
结合我们的例子，我们的场景是首次渲染，所以在执行patch函数的时候，传入的vm.el 的赋值是在之前mountComponent函数做的，vnode对应的是调用render函数的返回值，hydrating，在非服务端渲染情况下为false，removeOnly为false。
确定了这些入参后，我们回到patch函数的执行过程，看几个关键步骤。
const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
// patch existing root node
patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly)
} else {
if (isRealElement) {
// mounting to a real element
// check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform
// a successful hydration.
if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) {
oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR)
hydrating = true
}
if (isTrue(hydrating)) {
if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) {
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true)
return oldVnode
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(
'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' +
'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' +
'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' +
'<p>, or missing <tbody>. Bailing hydration and performing ' +
'full client-side render.'
)
}
}
// either not server-rendered, or hydration failed.
// create an empty node and replace it
oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)
}
// replacing existing element
const oldElm = oldVnode.elm
const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm)
// create new node
createElm(
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
// extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a
// leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition +
// keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590)
oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm,
nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm)
)
// update parent placeholder node element, recursively
if (isDef(vnode.parent)) {
let ancestor = vnode.parent
const patchable = isPatchable(vnode)
while (ancestor) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) {
cbs.destroy[i](ancestor)
}
ancestor.elm = vnode.elm
if (patchable) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) {
cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor)
}
// #6513
// invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks.
// e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook.
const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert
if (insert.merged) {
// start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook
for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) {
insert.fns[i]()
}
}
} else {
registerRef(ancestor)
}
ancestor = ancestor.parent
}
}
// destroy old node
if (isDef(parentElm)) {
removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0)
} else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) {
invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
}
}
}
由于我们传入的oldVnode实际上是一个DOMcontainer，所以isRealElement为true，接下来又通过emptyNodeAt方法把oldoldVnode转换为VNode对象，然后再调用createElm方法，这个方法非常重要，来看一下他的实现：
function createElm (
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
parentElm,
refElm,
nested,
ownerArray,
index
) {
if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
// This vnode was used in a previous render!
// now it's used as a new node, overwriting its elm would cause
// potential patch errors down the road when it's used as an insertion
// reference node. Instead, we clone the node on-demand before creating
// associated DOM element for it.
vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)
}
vnode.isRootInsert = !nested // for transition enter check
if (createComponent(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm)) {
return
}
const data = vnode.data
const children = vnode.children
const tag = vnode.tag
if (isDef(tag)) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (data && data.pre) {
creatingElmInVPre++
}
if (isUnknownElement(vnode, creatingElmInVPre)) {
warn(
'Unknown custom element: <' + tag + '> - did you ' +
'register the component correctly? For recursive components, ' +
'make sure to provide the "name" option.',
vnode.context
)
}
}
vnode.elm = vnode.ns
? nodeOps.createElementNS(vnode.ns, tag)
: nodeOps.createElement(tag, vnode)
setScope(vnode)
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (__WEEX__) {
// in Weex, the default insertion order is parent-first.
// List items can be optimized to use children-first insertion
// with append="tree".
const appendAsTree = isDef(data) && isTrue(data.appendAsTree)
if (!appendAsTree) {
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
if (appendAsTree) {
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
} else {
createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && data && data.pre) {
creatingElmInVPre--
}
} else if (isTrue(vnode.isComment)) {
vnode.elm = nodeOps.createComment(vnode.text)
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
} else {
vnode.elm = nodeOps.createTextNode(vnode.text)
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
}
createElm 的作用是通过虚拟节点创建真实的DOM并插入到它的父节点中。我们来看一下他的一些关键逻辑，createComponent方法目的是尝试创建子组件在当前这个case下他的返回值为false；接下来判断vnode是否包含tag，如果包含，先简单对tag的合法性在非生产环境下做效验，看是否是一个合法标签；然后再去调用各平台DOM的操作去创建一个占位符元素。
vnode.elm = vnode.ns?nodeOps.createElementNS(vnode.ns, tag):nodeOps.createElement(tag, vnode)
接下来调用createChildren方法上创建子元素：
function createChildren (vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue) {
if (Array.isArray(children)) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkDuplicateKeys(children)
}
for (let i = 0; i < children.length; ++i) {
createElm(children[i], insertedVnodeQueue, vnode.elm, null, true, children, i)
}
} else if (isPrimitive(vnode.text)) {
nodeOps.appendChild(vnode.elm, nodeOps.createTextNode(String(vnode.text)))
}
}
createChildren的逻辑很简单，实际上是遍历自虚拟节点，递归调用createElm，这是一种常用的深度优化的遍历算法、这里要注意的一点是在遍历过程中会把vnode.elm作为父容器的DOM节点占位符传入。
接着在调用invokeCreateHooks方法执行所有的create的钩子并把vnodepush到insertedVnodeQueue中。
function invokeCreateHooks (vnode, insertedVnodeQueue) {
for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < cbs.create.length; ++i$1) {
cbs.create[i$1](emptyNode, vnode);
}
i = vnode.data.hook; // Reuse variable
if (isDef(i)) {
if (isDef(i.create)) { i.create(emptyNode, vnode); }
if (isDef(i.insert)) { insertedVnodeQueue.push(vnode); }
}
}
最后调用insert方法把DOM插入到父节点中，因为是递归调用，子元素会优先调用insert，所以整个vnode树节点的插入顺序是先子后父。来看一下insert方法，他的定义在src/core/vdom/patch.js中
function insert (parent, elm, ref) {
if (isDef(parent)) {
if (isDef(ref)) {
if (nodeOps.parentNode(ref) === parent) {
nodeOps.insertBefore(parent, elm, ref)
}
} else {
nodeOps.appendChild(parent, elm)
}
}
}
insert 逻辑很简单，调用一些nodeOps吧子节点插入到父节点，这些辅助方法在src/platforms/web/runtime/node-ops.js中
export function insertBefore (parentNode: Node, newNode: Node, referenceNode: Node) {
parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, referenceNode)
}
export function appendChild (node: Node, child: Node) {
node.appendChild(child)
}
其实就是调用原生DOM的API进行DOM操作。
在createElm过程中，如果vnode节点如果不包含tag，则他有可能是一个注释或者纯文本节点，可以直接插入到父元素中。在我们这个例子中，最内层就是一个文本的vnode，他的text值取得就是之前的this.message的值hello vue
再回到patch方法，首次渲染我们调用了createElm方法，这里传入的parentElm是oldVnode.elm的父元素，在我们的例子是id为#app div的父元素，也就是body；实际上整个过程就是递归创建了一个完整的dom树插入到body
最后我们根据之前的递归，createElm生成的vnode插入顺序队列，执行相关的insert钩子函数。
总结
那么至此偶尔们从主线上吧模板和数据如何渲染最终的DOM的过程分析完成了，我们可以通过如下如更直观的看到从初始化Vue到最终渲染的整个过程。
