最近开始了iOS底层的学习,为了更好的记忆知识点,故开始写一些文章来做笔记。
冲!
我们经常创建对象都会使用 [[xxx alloc] init] ,那么alloc方法做了什么,init又做了什么呢?
让我们来新建一个iOS项目,创建个自定义类,run一下:
xxx *p1 = [xxx alloc];
xxx *p2 = [p1 init];
xxx *p3 = [p1 init];
NSLog(@"%@ - %p - %p",object1,object1,&object1);
NSLog(@"%@ - %p - %p",object2,object2,&object2);
NSLog(@"%@ - %p - %p",object3,object3,&object3);
得到的结果是:
<xxx: 0x600003c9cc30> - 0x600003c9cc30 - 0x7ffee24cc0f8
<xxx: 0x600003c9cc30> - 0x600003c9cc30 - 0x7ffee24cc0f0
<xxx: 0x600003c9cc30> - 0x600003c9cc30 - 0x7ffee24cc0e8
&p1表示我是谁(我在栈上的位置),p1表示我指向的位置(指向堆的值的地址)。从打印的信息可以看出,alloc开辟了空间,而init只是持有了这个空间。
惊了还能这样的么?
所以这时候必须得看看源码了:Source Browser
首先我们得看alloc方法:
+ (id)alloc {
return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
方法内部调用了_objc_rootAlloc()
id _objc_rootAlloc(Class cls) {
return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}
callAlloc()
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__
if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
}
#endif
// No shortcuts available.
if (allocWithZone) {
return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
}
return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}
这里通过断点发现调用了_objc_rootAllocWithZone(),再探!
id _objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
// allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}
_class_createInstanceFromZone ()
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
bool cxxConstruct = true,
size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
// Read class's info bits all at once for performance
bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
size_t size;
// 1:要开辟多少内存
size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;
id obj;
if (zone) {
obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
} else {
// 2;怎么去申请内存
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
}
if (slowpath(!obj)) {
if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
}
return nil;
}
// 3: ?
if (!zone && fast) {
obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
} else {
// Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
// doing something weird with the zone or RR.
obj->initIsa(cls);
}
if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
return obj;
}
construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}
可以看到_class_createInstanceFromZone()方法里面有核心的三个步骤:
size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes)申请要开辟的内存大小obj = (id)calloc(1, size)根据大小开辟的内存空间obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor)将class和开辟的空间绑定
偷了个懒,图片来源:这里!
简单总结一下
整体来看,alloc的作用就是用来开辟空间并关联类,那么init呢? 我还没学完呢,学完再补!