简介
-
NSOperation的使用
-
配合使用NSOperation和NSOperationQueue也能实现多线程编程
-
NSOperation和NSOperationQueue实现多线程的具体步骤
-
先将需要执行的操作封装到一个NSOperation对象中
-
然后将NSOperation对象添加到NSOperationQueue中
-
系统会自动将NSOperationQueue中的NSOperation取出来
-
将取出的NSOperation封装的操作放到一条新线程中执行
NSOperation的子类
- NSOperation是个抽象类,并不具备封装操作的能力,必须使用它的子类。
- 使用NSOperation子类的方式有3种
- NSInvocationOperation
- (void)invocationOperation
{
NSInvocationOperation *op = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
[op start];
//相当于
[self performSelector:@selector(run) withObject:nil];
}
- (void)run
{
NSLog(@"------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}
- NSBlockOperation
- (void)blockOperation
{
NSBlockOperation *op = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
// 在主线程
NSLog(@"下载1------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 添加额外的任务(在子线程执行)
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载2------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载3------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载4------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op start];
}
- 自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部相应方法
GCD的队列类型
- 并发队列
- 自己创建的
- 全局
- 串行队列
- 主队列
- 自己创建的
NSOperationQueue的队列类型
- 主队列
- [NSOperationQueue mainQueue]
- 凡是添加到主队列中的任务(NSOperation),都会放到主线程中执行
- 非主队列(其他队列)
- [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]
- 同时包含了:串行、并发功能
- 添加到这种队列中的任务(NSOperation),就会自动放到子线程中执行
NSOperationQueue
- NSOperationQueue的作用
- NSOperation可以调用start方法来执行任务,但默认是同步执行的
- 如果将NSOperation添加到NSOperationQueue(操作队列)中,系统会自动异步执行NSOpetaion中的操作
简单使用
- 第一种创建方式(3种方法)
- (void)operationQueue1
{
// 创建队列
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
// 创建操作(任务)
// 创建NSInvocationOperation
NSInvocationOperation *op1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download1) object:nil];
NSInvocationOperation *op2 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download2) object:nil];
// 创建NSBlockOperation
NSBlockOperation *op3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download3 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op3 addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download4 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op3 addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download5 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
NSBlockOperation *op4 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download6 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 创建XMGOperation
XMGOperation *op5 = [[XMGOperation alloc] init];
// 添加任务到队列中
[queue addOperation:op1]; // [op1 start]
[queue addOperation:op2]; // [op2 start]
[queue addOperation:op3]; // [op3 start]
[queue addOperation:op4]; // [op4 start]
[queue addOperation:op5]; // [op5 start]
}
//自定义子类中调用 main 方法
- (void)download1
{
NSLog(@"download1 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}
- (void)download2
{
NSLog(@"download2 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}
#import "XMGOperation.h"
@implementation XMGOperation
/**
* 需要执行的任务
*/
- (void)main
{
for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
NSLog(@"download1 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
if (self.isCancelled) return;
for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
NSLog(@"download2 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
if (self.isCancelled) return;
for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
NSLog(@"download3 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
if (self.isCancelled) return;
}
@end
- 第二种创建方式
- (void)operationQueue2
{
// 创建队列
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
// 创建操作
// NSBlockOperation *op1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
// NSLog(@"download1 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
// }];
// 添加操作到队列中
// [queue addOperation:op1];
[queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download1 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download2 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
}
NSOperationQueue的最大并发数
// 设置最大并发操作数
// queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 2;
queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1; // 就变成了串行队列
NSOperationQueue的挂起和取消
// if (self.queue.isSuspended) {
// // 恢复队列,继续执行
// self.queue.suspended = NO;
// } else {
// // 暂停(挂起)队列,暂停执行
// self.queue.suspended = YES;
// }
[self.queue cancelAllOperations]; //取消后面的所有任务
- 注意:如果自定义NSOperation类每一个耗时的操作后面都加一个挂起判断
- (void)main
{
for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
NSLog(@"download1 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
if (self.isCancelled) return;
for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
NSLog(@"download2 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
if (self.isCancelled) return;
for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
NSLog(@"download3 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
if (self.isCancelled) return;
}
NSOperationQueue 依赖和监听
操作依赖
- NSOperation之间可以设置依赖来保证执行顺序
- 比如一定要让操作A执行完毕后,才能执行操作,可以这么写[operationB addDependency:operationA]; //操作B依赖于操作A
- 注意不能相互依赖
- 不能A依赖B,B依赖A
- 可以在不同的Queue的NSOperation之间建立依赖
操作的监听
- 可以监听一个操作的执行完毕
- (void(^)(void))completionBlock;
- (void)setCompletionBlock:(void(^)(void))block
NSOperationQueue实现线程间通信
// 回到主线程
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
self.imageView.image = image;
}];
- 示例代码
/**
* 线程之间的通信
*/
- (void)test
{
[[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init] addOperationWithBlock:^{
// 图片的网络路径
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.pconline.com.cn/images/photoblog/9/9/8/1/9981681/200910/11/1255259355826.jpg"];
// 加载图片
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
// 生成图片
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
// 回到主线程
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
self.imageView.image = image;
}];
}];
}
- 拓展结合 依赖和监听
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
__block UIImage *image1 = nil;
// 下载图片1
NSBlockOperation *download1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
// 图片的网络路径
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.pconline.com.cn/images/photoblog/9/9/8/1/9981681/200910/11/1255259355826.jpg"];
// 加载图片
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
// 生成图片
image1 = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
}];
__block UIImage *image2 = nil;
// 下载图片2
NSBlockOperation *download2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
// 图片的网络路径
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://pic38.nipic.com/20140228/5571398_215900721128_2.jpg"];
// 加载图片
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
// 生成图片
image2 = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
}];
// 合成图片
NSBlockOperation *combine = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
// 开启新的图形上下文
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(100, 100));
// 绘制图片
[image1 drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 100)];
image1 = nil;
[image2 drawInRect:CGRectMake(50, 0, 50, 100)];
image2 = nil;
// 取得上下文中的图片
UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
// 结束上下文
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
// 回到主线程
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
self.imageView.image = image;
}];
}];
[combine addDependency:download1];
[combine addDependency:download2];
[queue addOperation:download1];
[queue addOperation:download2];
[queue addOperation:combine];
}