依赖注入(Dependency Injection,DI)
- 依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器,Bean对象的依赖资源。
- 注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源,由容器来设置和装配。
注入方式
- 构造器注入,可以看之前的Blog IOC创建对象方式和Spring配置
- Set方式注入:
要求被注入的属性 , 必须有set方法
举个例子来看,我们创建两个实体类
Student:
package pojo;
import java.util.*;
public class Student {
private String name; //基本类型注入
private Address address; //bean注入
private String[] books; //数组注入
private List<String> hobbies; //List注入
private Map<String, String> card; //Map注入
private Set<String> games; //Set注入
private String wife; //null值注入
private Properties info; //Properties注入
private String wifi; //空值注入
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student:" + '\n' +
"name='" + name + '\'' + '\n' +
"address=" + address + '\n' +
"books=" + Arrays.toString(books) + '\n' +
"hobbies=" + hobbies + '\n' +
"card=" + card + '\n' +
"games=" + games + '\n' +
"wife='" + wife + '\'' + '\n' +
"info=" + info + '\n' +
"wifi=" + wifi;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGames() {
return games;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
public Properties getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Properties info) {
this.info = info;
}
public String getWifi() {
return wifi;
}
public void setWifi(String wifi) {
this.wifi = wifi;
}
}
Address:
package pojo;
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="address" class="pojo.Address">
<property name="address" value="福州"/>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="pojo.Student">
<!-- 基本类型注入 -->
<property name="name" value="小米"/>
<!-- bean注入 -->
<property name="address" ref="address"/>
<!-- 数组注入 -->
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>java</value>
<value>php</value>
<value>python</value>
</array>
</property>
<!-- List注入 -->
<property name="hobbies">
<list>
<value>code</value>
<value>write</value>
<value>music</value>
<value>eat</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- Map注入 使用了entry,不一样! -->
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="学号" value="123456"/>
<entry key="姓名" value="小米"/>
</map>
</property>
<!-- Set注入 -->
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>LOL</value>
<value>CSGO</value>
<value>CF</value>
</set>
</property>
<!-- null注入 -->
<property name="wife">
<null/>
</property>
<!-- 空值注入 -->
<property name="wifi" value=""/>
<!--
null表示对象的内容为空,即对象的内容是空白的。 ->没有wife,设置过的。
空值表示对象的内容无法确定 ->有wifi,但是不知道是什么,没有设置。
-->
<!-- properties注入 -->
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="学校">FAFU</prop>
<prop key="学院">计信院</prop>
<prop key="专业">软件工程</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试类:
@Test
public void MyTest(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
测试结果:
注意事项:
- Set注入和properties注入和其他注入有些区别,注意区别。
- null和空值的区别:
- null表示对象的内容为空,即对象的内容是空白的。 ->没有wife,设置过的。
- 空值表示对象的内容无法确定 ->有wifi,但是不知道是什么,没有设置。
p命名空间注入和c命名空间注入
- p命名空间注入:相当于properties注入,
实体类需要无参构造如果你要使用p命名空间,你需要引入p命名空间的约束文件:xmlns:p="www.springframework.org/schema/p"
<bean id="teacher" class="pojo.Teacher" p:name="小花" p:id="123456"/>
- c命名空间注入:相当于构造器注入,
实体类需要有参构造如果你要使用c命名空间,你需要引入c命名空间的约束文件:xmlns:c="www.springframework.org/schema/c"
<bean id="teacher1" class="pojo.Teacher" c:id="654321" c:name="小明"/>