手撕iOS底层19 -- 类的加载【上卷】

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手撕iOS底层19 -- 类的加载【上卷】

在上篇手撕iOS底层18 -- dyld与libObjc那些事中,主要分析了dyldlibobjc的如何关联调用,本篇目的理解类的相关信息,比如方法属性分类等信息是如何加载到内存的,重点是map_imagesload_images函数。

map_images:主要是管理文件中和动态库中的所有符号,即class、protocol、selector、category

load_images:加载执行load方法

代码是通过编译成Mach-O可执行文件,读取到Mach-O可执行文件后,再从Mach-O类信息读取到内存中。

0x00 - map_images加载image到内存

_dyld_objc_notify_register(&map_images, load_images, unmap_image);

在查看源码之前,首先需要说明为什么map_images&,而load_images没有

  • map_images引用类型,外界变了,跟着变。
  • load_images值类型,不传递值
/***********************************************************************
* map_images
* Process the given images which are being mapped in by dyld.
* Calls ABI-agnostic code after taking ABI-specific locks.
*
* Locking: write-locks runtimeLock
**********************************************************************/
// 处理由 dyld 映射的给定镜像
// 取得特定于 ABI 的锁后,调用与 ABI 无关的代码。
void
map_images(unsigned count, const char * const paths[],
           const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[])
{
    mutex_locker_t lock(runtimeLock);
    return map_images_nolock(count, paths, mhdrs);
}
  • 关键代码是map_images_nolock
void
map_images_nolock(unsigned mhCount, const char * const mhPaths[],
                  const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[])
{
    //...省略

    // Find all images with Objective-C metadata.查找所有带有Objective-C元数据的映像
    hCount = 0;

    // Count classes. Size various table based on the total.计算类的个数
    int totalClasses = 0;
    int unoptimizedTotalClasses = 0;
    //代码块:作用域,进行局部处理,即局部处理一些事件
    {
        //...省略
    }
    
    //...省略

    if (hCount > 0) {
        //加载镜像文件
        _read_images(hList, hCount, totalClasses, unoptimizedTotalClasses);
    }

    firstTime = NO;
    
    // Call image load funcs after everything is set up.一切设置完成后,调用镜像加载功能。
    for (auto func : loadImageFuncs) {
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mhCount; i++) {
            func(mhdrs[i]);
        }
    }
}

map_images_nolock 内部代码十分冗长,我们经过分析之后,前面的工作基本上都是进行镜像文件信息的提取与统计,所以可以定位到最后的 _read_images

这里进入 _read_images 的条件是 hCount 大于 0, hCount 表示的是 Mach-Oheader 的数量

我们的主角登场了, _read_imageslookupImpOrForward 可以说是我们学习 RuntimeiOS 底层里面非常重要的两个概念了, lookUpImpOrForward之前的篇章 已经探索过了,剩下的 _read_images 我们也不能落下。

0x01 -- _read_images源码实现

_read_iamges方法中,主要做了如下这几件事情

  • 1、条件控制进行的一次加载
  • 2、修复预编译阶段的@selector的混乱问题
  • 3、错误混乱的类处理
  • 4、修复重映射一些没有被镜像文件加载进来的类
  • 5、修复一些消息
  • 6、当类里面有协议时:readProtocol 读取协议
  • 7、修复没有被加载的协议
  • 8、分类处理
  • 9、类的加载处理
  • 10、没有被处理的类,优化那些被侵犯的类

1. 条件控制进行的一次加载

if (!doneOnce) {
     
    //...省略
    initializeTaggedPointerObfuscator(); // 小对象
    // namedClasses
    // Preoptimized classes don't go in this table.
    // 4/3 is NXMapTable's load factor
    int namedClassesSize = 
        (isPreoptimized() ? unoptimizedTotalClasses : totalClasses) * 4 / 3;
//创建表(哈希表key-value),目的是查找快
    gdb_objc_realized_classes =
        NXCreateMapTable(NXStrValueMapPrototype, namedClassesSize);

    ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: first time tasks");
}
// This is a misnomer: gdb_objc_realized_classes is actually a list of 
// named classes not in the dyld shared cache, whether realized or not.
NXMapTable *gdb_objc_realized_classes;  // exported for debuggers in objc-gdb.h
uintptr_t objc_debug_realized_class_generation_count;

查看gdb_objc_realized_classesNXMapTalbe类型,通过注释说明,这个哈希表用于存储不在共享缓存且已命名类,无论类是否实现,其容量是类数量的4/3

2、修复预编译阶段的@selector的混乱问题

// Fix up @selector references 修复@selector引用
//sel 不是简单的字符串,而是带地址的字符串
static size_t UnfixedSelectors;
{
    mutex_locker_t lock(selLock);
    for (EACH_HEADER) {
        if (hi->hasPreoptimizedSelectors()) continue;

        bool isBundle = hi->isBundle();
        //通过_getObjc2SelectorRefs拿到Mach-O中的静态段__objc_selrefs
        SEL *sels = _getObjc2SelectorRefs(hi, &count);
        UnfixedSelectors += count;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { //列表遍历
            const char *name = sel_cname(sels[i]);
            //注册sel操作,即将sel添加到
            SEL sel = sel_registerNameNoLock(name, isBundle);
            if (sels[i] != sel) {//当sel与sels[i]地址不一致时,需要调整为一致的
                sels[i] = sel;
            }
        }
    }
}

通过_getObjc2SelectorRefs来获取Mach-O静态段数据__objc_selrefs数据,之后通过_getObjc2开头的获取Mach-O数据,都对应不同的section name

//      function name                 content type     section name
GETSECT(_getObjc2SelectorRefs,        SEL,             "__objc_selrefs"); 
GETSECT(_getObjc2MessageRefs,         message_ref_t,   "__objc_msgrefs"); 
GETSECT(_getObjc2ClassRefs,           Class,           "__objc_classrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2SuperRefs,           Class,           "__objc_superrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ClassList,           classref_t const,      "__objc_classlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2NonlazyClassList,    classref_t const,      "__objc_nlclslist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2CategoryList,        category_t * const,    "__objc_catlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2CategoryList2,       category_t * const,    "__objc_catlist2");
GETSECT(_getObjc2NonlazyCategoryList, category_t * const,    "__objc_nlcatlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ProtocolList,        protocol_t * const,    "__objc_protolist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ProtocolRefs,        protocol_t *,    "__objc_protorefs");
GETSECT(getLibobjcInitializers,       UnsignedInitializer, "__objc_init_func");

Mach-O可以看到对应的各种数据段。

sel_registerNameNoLock ---> __sel_registerName 如下

SEL sel_registerNameNoLock(const char *name, bool copy) {
    return __sel_registerName(name, 0, copy);  // NO lock, maybe copy
}

static SEL __sel_registerName(const char *name, bool shouldLock, bool copy) 
{
    SEL result = 0;

    if (shouldLock) selLock.assertUnlocked();
    else selLock.assertLocked();

    if (!name) return (SEL)0;

    result = search_builtins(name);
    if (result) return result;
    
    conditional_mutex_locker_t lock(selLock, shouldLock);
	auto it = namedSelectors.get().insert(name);
	if (it.second) {
		// No match. Insert.
		*it.first = (const char *)sel_alloc(name, copy);
	}
	return (SEL)*it.first;
}

其关键代码是auto it = namedSelectors.get().insert(name);,即将sel插入namedSelectors哈希表

SEL并不是一个简简单单的字符串,而是一个带地址的字符串sels[i]sel字符串名字相同,但是地址并不一样,所以需要fix up

3、错误混乱的类处理

//3、错误混乱的类处理
// Discover classes. Fix up unresolved future classes. Mark bundle classes.
bool hasDyldRoots = dyld_shared_cache_some_image_overridden();
//读取类:readClass
for (EACH_HEADER) {
    if (! mustReadClasses(hi, hasDyldRoots)) {
        // Image is sufficiently optimized that we need not call readClass()
        continue;
    }
    //从编译后的类列表中取出所有类,即从Mach-O中获取静态段__objc_classlist,是一个classref_t类型的指针
    classref_t const *classlist = _getObjc2ClassList(hi, &count);

    bool headerIsBundle = hi->isBundle();
    bool headerIsPreoptimized = hi->hasPreoptimizedClasses();

    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        Class cls = (Class)classlist[i];//此时获取的cls只是一个地址
        Class newCls = readClass(cls, headerIsBundle, headerIsPreoptimized); //读取类,经过这步后,cls获取的值才是一个名字
        //经过调试,并未执行if里面的流程
        //初始化所有懒加载的类需要的内存空间,但是懒加载类的数据现在是没有加载到的,连类都没有初始化
        if (newCls != cls  &&  newCls) {
            // Class was moved but not deleted. Currently this occurs 
            // only when the new class resolved a future class.
            // Non-lazily realize the class below.
            //将懒加载的类添加到数组中
            resolvedFutureClasses = (Class *)
                realloc(resolvedFutureClasses, 
                        (resolvedFutureClassCount+1) * sizeof(Class));
            resolvedFutureClasses[resolvedFutureClassCount++] = newCls;
        }
    }
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover classes");

主要从Mach-O获取类列表,遍历处理,通过调试,在readClass前,cls只是获取的一个地址,在readClass之后,就有了对应的名字

执行前

执行后

所以readClass是一个需要去重点研究的方法,之后去重点探索。所以到这步为止,类的信息目前仅存储了地址+名称

4、修复重映射一些没有被镜像文件加载进来的类

//4、修复重映射一些没有被镜像文件加载进来的类
// Fix up remapped classes 修正重新映射的类
// Class list and nonlazy class list remain unremapped.类列表和非惰性类列表保持未映射
// Class refs and super refs are remapped for message dispatching.类引用和超级引用将重新映射以进行消息分发
//经过调试,并未执行if里面的流程
//将未映射的Class 和 Super Class重映射,被remap的类都是懒加载的类
if (!noClassesRemapped()) {
    for (EACH_HEADER) {
        Class *classrefs = _getObjc2ClassRefs(hi, &count);//Mach-O的静态段 __objc_classrefs
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            remapClassRef(&classrefs[i]);
        }
        // fixme why doesn't test future1 catch the absence of this?
        classrefs = _getObjc2SuperRefs(hi, &count);//Mach_O中的静态段 __objc_superrefs
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            remapClassRef(&classrefs[i]);
        }
    }
}

ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: remap classes");

主要是将未映射的ClassSuper Class进行重映射,其中

  • _getObjc2ClassRefs是获取Mach-O中的静态段__objc_classrefs类的引用
  • _getObjc2SuperRefs是获取Mach-O中的静态段__objc_superrefs父类的引用
  • 通过注释可以得知,被remapClassRef的类都是懒加载的类,所以最初经过调试时,这部分代码是没有执行的

5、修复一些消息

#if SUPPORT_FIXUP
//5、修复一些消息
    // Fix up old objc_msgSend_fixup call sites
    for (EACH_HEADER) {
        // _getObjc2MessageRefs 获取Mach-O的静态段 __objc_msgrefs
        message_ref_t *refs = _getObjc2MessageRefs(hi, &count);
        if (count == 0) continue;

        if (PrintVtables) {
            _objc_inform("VTABLES: repairing %zu unsupported vtable dispatch "
                         "call sites in %s", count, hi->fname());
        }
        //经过调试,并未执行for里面的流程
        //遍历将函数指针进行注册,并fix为新的函数指针
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            fixupMessageRef(refs+i);
        }
    }

    ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: fix up objc_msgSend_fixup");
#endif

主要是通过_getObjc2MessageRefs 获取Mach-O的静态段 __objc_msgrefs,并遍历通过fixupMessageRef将函数指针进行注册,并fix为新的函数指针

6、当类里面有协议时:readProtocol 读取协议

//6、当类里面有协议时:readProtocol 读取协议
// Discover protocols. Fix up protocol refs. 发现协议。修正协议参考
//遍历所有协议列表,并且将协议列表加载到Protocol的哈希表中
for (EACH_HEADER) {
    extern objc_class OBJC_CLASS_$_Protocol;
    //cls = Protocol类,所有协议和对象的结构体都类似,isa都对应Protocol类
    Class cls = (Class)&OBJC_CLASS_$_Protocol;
    ASSERT(cls);
    //获取protocol哈希表 -- protocol_map
    NXMapTable *protocol_map = protocols();
    bool isPreoptimized = hi->hasPreoptimizedProtocols();

    // Skip reading protocols if this is an image from the shared cache
    // and we support roots
    // Note, after launch we do need to walk the protocol as the protocol
    // in the shared cache is marked with isCanonical() and that may not
    // be true if some non-shared cache binary was chosen as the canonical
    // definition
    if (launchTime && isPreoptimized && cacheSupportsProtocolRoots) {
        if (PrintProtocols) {
            _objc_inform("PROTOCOLS: Skipping reading protocols in image: %s",
                         hi->fname());
        }
        continue;
    }

    bool isBundle = hi->isBundle();
    //通过_getObjc2ProtocolList 获取到Mach-O中的静态段__objc_protolist协议列表,
    //即从编译器中读取并初始化protocol
    protocol_t * const *protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolList(hi, &count);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        //通过添加protocol到protocol_map哈希表中
        readProtocol(protolist[i], cls, protocol_map, 
                     isPreoptimized, isBundle);
    }
}

ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover protocols");

通过NXMapTable *protocol_map = protocols();获取协议protocol_map的哈希表,

/***********************************************************************
* protocols
* Returns the protocol name => protocol map for protocols.
* Locking: runtimeLock must read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static NXMapTable *protocols(void)
{
    static NXMapTable *protocol_map = nil;
    
    runtimeLock.assertLocked();

    INIT_ONCE_PTR(protocol_map, 
                  NXCreateMapTable(NXStrValueMapPrototype, 16), 
                  NXFreeMapTable(v) );

    return protocol_map;
}

通过_getObjc2ProtocolList读取到Mach-O里到协议列表,

protocol_t * const *protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolList(hi, &count);

遍历加到protocol_map

readProtocol(protolist[i], cls, protocol_map, isPreoptimized, isBundle);

7、修复没有被加载的协议

//7、修复没有被加载的协议
// Fix up @protocol references
// Preoptimized images may have the right 
// answer already but we don't know for sure.
for (EACH_HEADER) {
    // At launch time, we know preoptimized image refs are pointing at the
    // shared cache definition of a protocol.  We can skip the check on
    // launch, but have to visit @protocol refs for shared cache images
    // loaded later.
    if (launchTime && cacheSupportsProtocolRoots && hi->isPreoptimized())
        continue;
    //_getObjc2ProtocolRefs 获取到Mach-O的静态段 __objc_protorefs
    protocol_t **protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolRefs(hi, &count);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {//遍历
        //比较当前协议和协议列表中的同一个内存地址的协议是否相同,如果不同则替换
        remapProtocolRef(&protolist[i]);//经过代码调试,并未执行
    }
}

ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: fix up @protocol references");

主要是通过 _getObjc2ProtocolRefs 获取到Mach-O的静态段 __objc_protorefs(与6中的__objc_protolist并不是同一个东西),然后遍历需要修复的协议,通过remapProtocolRef比较当前协议和协议列表中的同一个内存地址的协议是否相同,如果不同则替换

remapProtocolRef

/***********************************************************************
* remapProtocolRef
* Fix up a protocol ref, in case the protocol referenced has been reallocated.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static size_t UnfixedProtocolReferences;
static void remapProtocolRef(protocol_t **protoref)
{
    runtimeLock.assertLocked();
    //获取协议列表中统一内存地址的协议
    protocol_t *newproto = remapProtocol((protocol_ref_t)*protoref);
    if (*protoref != newproto) {//如果当前协议 与 同一内存地址协议不同,则替换
        *protoref = newproto;
        UnfixedProtocolReferences++;
    }
}

8、分类处理

//8、分类处理
// Discover categories. Only do this after the initial category 发现分类
// attachment has been done. For categories present at startup,
// discovery is deferred until the first load_images call after
// the call to _dyld_objc_notify_register completes. rdar://problem/53119145
if (didInitialAttachCategories) {
    for (EACH_HEADER) {
        load_categories_nolock(hi);
    }
}

ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover categories");

主要是处理分类,需要在分类初始化并将数据加载到类后才执行,对于运行时出现的分类,将分类的发现推迟推迟到对_dyld_objc_notify_register的调用完成后的第一个load_images调用为止

9、类的加载处理

// Realize non-lazy classes (for +load methods and static instances) 初始化非懒加载类,进行rw、ro等操作:realizeClassWithoutSwift
    //懒加载类 -- 别人不动我,我就不动
    //实现非懒加载的类,对于load方法和静态实例变量
    for (EACH_HEADER) {
        //通过_getObjc2NonlazyClassList获取Mach-O的静态段__objc_nlclslist非懒加载类表
        classref_t const *classlist = 
            _getObjc2NonlazyClassList(hi, &count);
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            Class cls = remapClass(classlist[i]);
            
            const char *mangledName  = cls->mangledName();
             const char *LGPersonName = "LGPerson";
            
             if (strcmp(mangledName, LGPersonName) == 0) {
                 auto kc_ro = (const class_ro_t *)cls->data();
                 printf("_getObjc2NonlazyClassList: 这个是我要研究的 %s \n",LGPersonName);
             }
            
            if (!cls) continue;

            addClassTableEntry(cls);//插入表,但是前面已经插入过了,所以不会重新插入

            if (cls->isSwiftStable()) {
                if (cls->swiftMetadataInitializer()) {
                    _objc_fatal("Swift class %s with a metadata initializer "
                                "is not allowed to be non-lazy",
                                cls->nameForLogging());
                }
                // fixme also disallow relocatable classes
                // We can't disallow all Swift classes because of
                // classes like Swift.__EmptyArrayStorage
            }
            //实现当前的类,因为前面readClass读取到内存的仅仅只有地址+名称,类的data数据并没有加载出来
            //实现所有非懒加载的类(实例化类对象的一些信息,例如rw)
            realizeClassWithoutSwift(cls, nil);
        }
    }

    ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: realize non-lazy classes");

实现类的加载处理,实现非懒加载类 non-lazy classes

  1. 通过_getObjc2NonlazyClassList获取Mach-O非懒加载类列表
  2. 通过addClassTableEntry将非懒加载类插入hash表,存到内存,如果已经添加就不会载添加,需要确保整个结构都被添加
  3. 通过realizeClassWithoutSwift实现当前的类,因为前面3中的readClass读取到内存的仅仅只有地址+名称,类的data数据并没有加载出来

10、没有被处理的类,优化那些被侵犯的类

// Realize newly-resolved future classes, in case CF manipulates them
    if (resolvedFutureClasses) {
        for (i = 0; i < resolvedFutureClassCount; i++) {
            Class cls = resolvedFutureClasses[i];
            if (cls->isSwiftStable()) {
                _objc_fatal("Swift class is not allowed to be future");
            }
            //实现类
            realizeClassWithoutSwift(cls, nil);
            cls->setInstancesRequireRawIsaRecursively(false/*inherited*/);
        }
        free(resolvedFutureClasses);
    }

    ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: realize future classes");

    if (DebugNonFragileIvars) {
        //实现所有类
        realizeAllClasses();
    }

主要是实现没有被处理的类,优化被侵犯的类


**总结:**通过以上简单的分析_read_images,得出的重点就是分析readClassrealizeClassWithoutSwift这俩个类。

0x02 -- readClass分析

/***********************************************************************
* readClass
* Read a class and metaclass as written by a compiler. 读取编译器编写的类和元类
* Returns the new class pointer. This could be:  返回新的类指针,可能是:
* - cls
* - nil  (cls has a missing weak-linked superclass)
* - something else (space for this class was reserved by a future class)
*
* Note that all work performed by this function is preflighted by 
* mustReadClasses(). Do not change this function without updating that one.
*
* Locking: runtimeLock acquired by map_images or objc_readClassPair
**********************************************************************/
Class readClass(Class cls, bool headerIsBundle, bool headerIsPreoptimized)
{
    const char *mangledName = cls->mangledName();//名字
    
    // **LG写的** ----如果想进入自定义,自己加一个判断
    const char *LGPersonName = "LGPerson";
    if (strcmp(mangledName, LGPersonName) == 0) {
        auto kc_ro = (const class_ro_t *)cls->data();
        printf("%s -- 研究重点--%s\n", __func__,mangledName);
    }
    //当前类的父类中若有丢失的weak-linked类,则返回nil
    if (missingWeakSuperclass(cls)) {
        // No superclass (probably weak-linked). 
        // Disavow any knowledge of this subclass.
        if (PrintConnecting) {
            _objc_inform("CLASS: IGNORING class '%s' with "
                         "missing weak-linked superclass", 
                         cls->nameForLogging());
        }
        addRemappedClass(cls, nil);
        cls->superclass = nil;
        return nil;
    }
    
    cls->fixupBackwardDeployingStableSwift();
//判断是不是后期要处理的类
    //正常情况下,不会走到popFutureNamedClass,因为这是专门针对未来待处理的类的操作
    //通过断点调试,不会走到if流程里面,因此也不会对ro、rw进行操作
    Class replacing = nil;
    if (Class newCls = popFutureNamedClass(mangledName)) {
        // This name was previously allocated as a future class.
        // Copy objc_class to future class's struct.
        // Preserve future's rw data block.
        
        if (newCls->isAnySwift()) {
            _objc_fatal("Can't complete future class request for '%s' "
                        "because the real class is too big.", 
                        cls->nameForLogging());
        }
        //读取class的data,设置ro、rw
        //经过调试,并不会走到这里
        class_rw_t *rw = newCls->data();
        const class_ro_t *old_ro = rw->ro();
        memcpy(newCls, cls, sizeof(objc_class));
        rw->set_ro((class_ro_t *)newCls->data());
        newCls->setData(rw);
        freeIfMutable((char *)old_ro->name);
        free((void *)old_ro);
        
        addRemappedClass(cls, newCls);
        
        replacing = cls;
        cls = newCls;
    }
    //判断是否类是否已经加载到内存
    if (headerIsPreoptimized  &&  !replacing) {
        // class list built in shared cache
        // fixme strict assert doesn't work because of duplicates
        // ASSERT(cls == getClass(name));
        ASSERT(getClassExceptSomeSwift(mangledName));
    } else {
        addNamedClass(cls, mangledName, replacing);//加载共享缓存中的类
        addClassTableEntry(cls);//插入表,即相当于从mach-O文件 读取到 内存 中
    }

    // for future reference: shared cache never contains MH_BUNDLEs
    if (headerIsBundle) {
        cls->data()->flags |= RO_FROM_BUNDLE;
        cls->ISA()->data()->flags |= RO_FROM_BUNDLE;
    }
    
    return cls;
}
  1. 首先通过cls->mangleName()获取类的名字
const char *mangledName() { 
        // fixme can't assert locks here
        ASSERT(this);

        if (isRealized()  ||  isFuture()) { //这个初始化判断在lookupImp也有类似的
            return data()->ro()->name;//如果已经实例化,则从ro中获取name
        } else {
            return ((const class_ro_t *)data())->name;//反之,从mach-O的数据data中获取name
        }
    }
  1. 当前cls的父类如果有丢失weak-linked类,返回nil
  2. 接着判断是不是未来要处理的类,正常不会走到if里面,因为专门针对未来待处理的类的操作,并通过调试,也没有走到ifli ,因此不会对里面的rorw操作。
    1. data()machO数据,还未在内存中。
    2. ro的赋值是从`machO中的data强转类型赋值的。
    3. rw的数据是从ro复制过去的。
  3. 通过addNameClassclsname键值对的方式放到gdb_objc_realized_classes这个表里。该表用于存放所有的类, namekeyclsvalue
/***********************************************************************
* addNamedClass 加载共享缓存中的类 插入表
* Adds name => cls to the named non-meta class map. 将name=> cls添加到命名的非元类映射
* Warns about duplicate class names and keeps the old mapping.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static void addNamedClass(Class cls, const char *name, Class replacing = nil)
{
    runtimeLock.assertLocked();
    Class old;
    if ((old = getClassExceptSomeSwift(name))  &&  old != replacing) {
        inform_duplicate(name, old, cls);

        // getMaybeUnrealizedNonMetaClass uses name lookups.
        // Classes not found by name lookup must be in the
        // secondary meta->nonmeta table.
        addNonMetaClass(cls);
    } else {
        //添加到gdb_objc_realized_classes哈希表
        NXMapInsert(gdb_objc_realized_classes, name, cls);
    }
    ASSERT(!(cls->data()->flags & RO_META));

    // wrong: constructed classes are already realized when they get here
    // ASSERT(!cls->isRealized());
}
  1. 通过addClassTableEntry,将初始化的类添加到allocatedClasses表,此表allocatedClasses_objc_init中的runtime_init中初始化的。
/***********************************************************************
* addClassTableEntry 将一个类添加到所有类的表中
* Add a class to the table of all classes. If addMeta is true,
* automatically adds the metaclass of the class as well.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller.
**********************************************************************/
static void
addClassTableEntry(Class cls, bool addMeta = true)
{
    runtimeLock.assertLocked();

    // This class is allowed to be a known class via the shared cache or via
    // data segments, but it is not allowed to be in the dynamic table already.
    auto &set = objc::allocatedClasses.get();//开辟的类的表,在objc_init中的runtime_init就创建了表

    ASSERT(set.find(cls) == set.end());

    if (!isKnownClass(cls))
        set.insert(cls);
    if (addMeta)
        //添加到allocatedClasses哈希表
        addClassTableEntry(cls->ISA(), false);
}

精确定位到自己想调试的类,也就是自己创建的类,可以在源码中加入自己的调试代码:

总结:

综上所述,readClass主要将Mach-O各个段的数据读取到内存,即插入表中,但是值有类名类地址,其它的类数据并没有读出来,也就是这个类还没有实现,待下篇详细分析ro, rw, rxt是如何初始化。😊

欢迎大佬留言指正😄,码字不易,觉得好给个赞👍 有任何表达或者理解失误请留言交流;共同进步