Docker基础命令
今天复习一下docker的基础命令。
参照网上的经典Docker命令图片重新绘制。
镜像相关
docker tag
Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest 5e25361b75a2 6 minutes ago 252MB
redis 6.2.0 cc69ae189a1a 32 hours ago 105MB
rabbitmq latest 99720090a9d6 7 days ago 156MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker tag redis:latest redis:5.2
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 5.2 5e25361b75a2 6 minutes ago 252MB
redis latest 5e25361b75a2 6 minutes ago 252MB
redis 6.2.0 cc69ae189a1a 32 hours ago 105MB
rabbitmq latest 99720090a9d6 7 days ago 156MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
docker build
Build an image from a Dockerfile
# Dockerfile
FROM centos
RUN yum install -y wget
RUN wget -O redis.tar.gz "http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz"
RUN tar -xvf redis.tar.gz
FROM centos
RUN yum install -y wget \
&& wget -O redis.tar.gz "http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz" \
&& tar -xvf redis.tar.gz
# docker build .
docker builder
Manage builds
docker commit
Create a new image from a container’s changes
docker pull
Pull an image or a repository from a registry
# 拉取指定版本的redis镜像
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker pull redis:6.2.0
6.2.0: Pulling from library/redis
45b42c59be33: Pull complete
5ce2e937bf62: Pull complete
2a031498ff58: Pull complete
7407cbab5258: Pull complete
c2d6c3b35be8: Pull complete
1997ce073dcd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:26bd5f3d2bbfb21d0e4f03d642570e63c8776d2a9e5963e4057280fb3b4e3e29
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:6.2.0
docker.io/library/redis:6.2.0
docker push
Push an image or a repository to a registry
docker history
Show the history of an image
# 可看到镜像制作的历史过程
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker history redis:6.2.0
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
cc69ae189a1a 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["redis-server"] 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 6379 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry… 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:df205a0ef6e6df89… 374B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /data 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/data] 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c mkdir /data && chown redis:redis … 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-m… 31.6MB
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=67… 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=ht… 0B
<missing> 30 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV REDIS_VERSION=6.2.0 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-ma… 4.15MB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c groupadd -r -g 999 redis && usera… 329kB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:d5c41bfaf15180481… 69.2MB
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~#
docker image
Manage images
# 管理镜像命令，和其它管理镜像的命令类似
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
history Show the history of an image
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
ls List images
prune Remove unused images
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rm Remove one or more images
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
docker images
List images
# 查看所有镜像
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 6.2.0 cc69ae189a1a 30 hours ago 105MB
rabbitmq latest 99720090a9d6 7 days ago 156MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
docker rmi
Remove one or more images
# 比如我要删除hello-world镜像
# 首先确保没有容器在使用该镜像，否则删不掉
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12b047a4530f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 24 seconds ago new_redis
103c9c8b827f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 24 seconds ago stupefied_murdock
94d2cf2570c0 redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 24 seconds ago dreamy_bassi
348aba2c17d4 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 19 seconds ago sleepy_goldstine
057aa2624bc3 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 19 seconds ago sleepy_cannon
4785044579f0 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago funny_dhawan
# 查看所有镜像
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 6.2.0 cc69ae189a1a 30 hours ago 105MB
rabbitmq latest 99720090a9d6 7 days ago 156MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB
# 删除镜像，有多个版本的时要跟上:版本号
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker rmi hello-world
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:95ddb6c31407e84e91a986b004aee40975cb0bda14b5949f6faac5d2deadb4b9
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
Deleted: sha256:9c27e219663c25e0f28493790cc0b88bc973ba3b1686355f221c38a36978ac63
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~#
docker save
Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
docker search
Search the Docker Hub for images
# 查找镜像，具体版本要到dockerhub上找
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker search redis
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 9140 [OK]
bitnami/redis Bitnami Redis Docker Image 173 [OK]
sameersbn/redis 83 [OK]
grokzen/redis-cluster Redis cluster 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 76
rediscommander/redis-commander Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis man… 54 [OK]
redislabs/redisearch Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded… 30
redislabs/redis Clustered in-memory database engine compatib… 27
redislabs/redisinsight RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis 25
oliver006/redis_exporter Prometheus Exporter for Redis Metrics. Supp… 23
redislabs/rejson RedisJSON - Enhanced JSON data type processi… 23
arm32v7/redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 22
bitnami/redis-sentinel Bitnami Docker Image for Redis Sentinel 19 [OK]
redislabs/redisgraph A graph database module for Redis 15 [OK]
webhippie/redis Docker images for Redis 11 [OK]
arm64v8/redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 10
s7anley/redis-sentinel-docker Redis Sentinel 10 [OK]
redislabs/redismod An automated build of redismod - latest Redi… 9 [OK]
insready/redis-stat Docker image for the real-time Redis monitor… 9 [OK]
goodsmileduck/redis-cli redis-cli on alpine 7 [OK]
centos/redis-32-centos7 Redis in-memory data structure store, used a… 5
circleci/redis CircleCI images for Redis 5 [OK]
clearlinux/redis Redis key-value data structure server with t… 3
tiredofit/redis Redis Server w/ Zabbix monitoring and S6 Ove… 1 [OK]
wodby/redis Redis container image with orchestration 1 [OK]
xetamus/redis-resource forked redis-resource 0 [OK]
docker trust
Manage trust on Docker images
docker save
Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
docker load
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
docker login
Log in to a Docker registry
docker logout
Log out from a Docker registry
容器相关
docker attach
Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12b047a4530f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 27 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->6379/tcp new_redis
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker attach new_redis
docker container
Manage containers
# 管理容器的命令集合
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
kill Kill one or more running containers
logs Fetch the logs of a container
ls List containers
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
prune Remove all stopped containers
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
run Run a command in a new container
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
docker context
Manage contexts
docker cp
Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
docker create
Create a new container
docker diff
Inspect changes to files or directories on a container’s filesystem
docker engine
Manage the docker engine
docker events
Get real time events from the server
docker exec
Run a command in a running container
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker exec 12b047a4530f ls
dump.rdb
docker export
Export a container’s filesystem as a tar archive
# 导出
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker export 12b047a4530f -o redis.tar
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# ls
redis.tar.gz snap
docker import
Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
docker info
Display system-wide information
# 查看docker系统的信息
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
Server:
Containers: 6
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 6
Images: 3
Server Version: 20.10.3
Storage Driver: overlay2
...
docker inspect
Return low-level information on Docker objects
docker kill
Kill one or more running containers
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker kill 94d2cf2570c0
94d2cf2570c0
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
348aba2c17d4 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 4369/tcp, 5671-5672/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp sleepy_goldstine
docker logs
Fetch the logs of a container
docker manifest
Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
docker network
Manage networks
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
248a0a65a361 bridge bridge local
6ad3a44d85fe host host local
3a07c5f8816a none null local
docker plugin
Manage plugins
docker port
List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker run -d -p 8000:6379 --name my_redis redis:6.2.0
12b047a4530fc8edb9dff0cf6cf4120019f21a64c5b4b71a41e31913c68e50d2
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12b047a4530f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8000->6379/tcp my_redis
348aba2c17d4 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 4369/tcp, 5671-5672/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp sleepy_goldstine
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker port 12b047a4530f
6379/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8000
docker run
Run a command in a new container
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker run -d redis:6.2.0
94d2cf2570c05f042f1f68e714c4472a7ba2db4276f8bd84eefbfdbc271e2f87
docker ps
List containers
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
94d2cf2570c0 redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 26 seconds ago Up 23 seconds 6379/tcp dreamy_bassi
348aba2c17d4 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 4369/tcp, 5671-5672/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp sleepy_goldstine
docker rename
Rename a container
# 将my_redis重命名为new_redis
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker rename 12b047a4530f new_redis
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12b047a4530f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->6379/tcp new_redis
348aba2c17d4 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 4369/tcp, 5671-5672/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp sleepy_goldstine
docker restart
Restart one or more containers
# 重启单个容器
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker restart 12b047a4530f
12b047a4530f
# 重启多个容器
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker restart 12b047a4530f 348aba2c17d4
12b047a4530f
348aba2c17d4
# 重启所有容器
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker restart $(docker ps -aq)
12b047a4530f
103c9c8b827f
94d2cf2570c0
348aba2c17d4
057aa2624bc3
4785044579f0
181b5b47f164
f44d1fc7839d
docker rm
Remove one or more containers
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps -aq
12b047a4530f
103c9c8b827f
94d2cf2570c0
348aba2c17d4
057aa2624bc3
4785044579f0
181b5b47f164
f44d1fc7839d
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker rm 181b5b47f164
181b5b47f164
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps -aq
12b047a4530f
103c9c8b827f
94d2cf2570c0
348aba2c17d4
057aa2624bc3
4785044579f0
f44d1fc7839d
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~#
docker start
Start one or more stopped containers
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12b047a4530f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 21 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago new_redis
103c9c8b827f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago stupefied_murdock
94d2cf2570c0 redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 26 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago dreamy_bassi
348aba2c17d4 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago sleepy_goldstine
057aa2624bc3 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago sleepy_cannon
4785044579f0 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago funny_dhawan
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker start 12b047a4530f
12b047a4530f
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12b047a4530f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 22 minutes ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:8000->6379/tcp new_redis
docker stats
Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker stats 12b047a4530f
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
12b047a4530f new_redis 0.22% 3.789MiB / 3.815GiB 0.10% 3.18kB / 0B 0B / 0B 5
docker stop
Stop one or more running containers
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker stop 12b047a4530f
12b047a4530f
docker system
Manage Docker
# 可以查看docker系统磁盘、事件、信息等
df Show docker disk usage
events Get real time events from the server
info Display system-wide information
prune Remove unused data
docker top
Display the running processes of a container
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12b047a4530f redis:6.2.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 53 minutes ago Up 23 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->6379/tcp new_redis
root@Yuan-Ubuntu:~# docker top 12b047a4530f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
systemd+ 18126 18104 0 14:21 ? 00:00:03 redis-server *:6379
docker pause
Pause all processes within one or more containers
docker unpause
Unpause all processes within one or more containers
docker update
Update configuration of one or more containers
更新一个或多个容器的配置，比如cpu、磁盘之类的
docker version
Show the Docker version information
docker volume
Manage volumes
docker wait
Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
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