Spring注解开发

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@Component

该注解是组件的意思,放在类上,说明这个类被Spring管理了,也就是bean,该注解等价于我们的配置文件 <bean id="user" class="com.zhiying.pojo.User"/>

这里依然是用案例来进行描述,首先是User实体类

package com.zhiying.pojo;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class User {

    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

然后是我们的配置文件,这里的配置文件用来声明一下哪个包下用了注解,用于扫描该包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--    指定要扫描的包,这个包下的注解就会生效-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhiying.pojo"/>

</beans>

然后是测试

import com.zhiying.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        user.setName("hzy");
        System.out.println(user.getName());
    }
}

这样是可以,我们发现value值的设置很不方便。

@Value

在配置文件中是<property name="name" value="hzy"/>,这里我们用@Value

只需修改这里修改User类如下

package com.zhiying.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class User {

    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    @Value("hzy")
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试类

import com.zhiying.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user.getName());
    }
}

衍生注解

在MVC三层架构中,Dao、Service和Controller中分别有自己的注解,其是等价于Component,都是将某个类装配到Spring中装配bean

Dao:@Respository

Service:@Service

Controller:@Controller

自动装配的注解

@Autowired和@Resource在上一篇博客有详细介绍blog.csdn.net/HeZhiYing_/…

作用域@Scope

可以在User类上设置其为单例:@Scope("singleton"),也可以设置为原型@Scope("prototype")

这里的单例和原型在之前也详细讲过blog.csdn.net/HeZhiYing_/…