Docker基本命令
[TOC]
Docker命令行帮助文档:
https://docs.docker.com/reference/
基本命令
查看Docker 版本 docker version
docker version #显示Docker 版本
root@Win10:Desktop# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community #客户端
Version: 19.03.13
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 4484c46d9d
Built: Wed Sep 16 17:02:36 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community #服务器
Engine:
Version: 19.03.13
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 4484c46d9d
Built: Wed Sep 16 17:01:06 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.3.7
GitCommit: 8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc10
GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
查看Docker系统信息 docker info
docker info #显示Docker系统信息 包括镜像和容器数量
root@Win10:Desktop# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 1
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 1
Images: 1
Server Version: 19.03.13
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.19.128-microsoft-standard
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 12
Total Memory: 6.083GiB
Name: Win10
ID: JBNO:FN32:73YF:35IA:RDZ4:TTXI:7ZKX:VND6:CROJ:U5UV:AGAV:5AY6
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://5e43pwrr.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Docker查看帮助文档 docker <command> --help
docker <command> --help #帮助文档
镜像命令
查看本机镜像 docker images
root@Win10:Desktop# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 12 months ago 13.3kB
#REPOSITORY 镜像仓库源
#TAG 镜像的标签
#IMAGE ID 镜像ID
#CREATE 镜像创建时间
#SIZE 镜像大小
#可选项
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #显示所有镜像
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs #只显示镜像ID
搜索镜像 docker search
root@Win10:Desktop# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10369 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3842 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 757 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 519 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 86
#可选项
--filter=stars=5000 #搜索出来的镜像都是大于5000以上
root@Win10:Desktop# docker search --filter=stars=5000 mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10369 [OK]
下载镜像 docker pull
#下载镜像 docker pull <镜像名[:tag]>
root@Win10:Desktop# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #默认Tag lastest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec7b7d162b2: Pull complete #分层下载
fedd960d3481: Pull complete
7ab947313861: Pull complete
64f92f19e638: Pull complete
3e80b17bff96: Pull complete
014e976799f9: Pull complete
59ae84fee1b3: Pull complete
ffe10de703ea: Pull complete
657af6d90c83: Pull complete
98bfb480322c: Pull complete
6aa3859c4789: Pull complete
1ed875d851ef: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:78800e6d3f1b230e35275145e657b82c3fb02a27b2d8e76aac2f5e90c1c30873 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
docker pull mysql === docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
删除镜像 docker rmi
root@Win10:Desktop# docker rmi -f hello-world #删除单个镜像
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:8c5aeeb6a5f3ba4883347d3747a7249f491766ca1caa47e5da5dfcf6b9b717c0
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
root@Win10:Desktop# docker rmi -f hello-world mysql #删除多个镜像
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:8c5aeeb6a5f3ba4883347d3747a7249f491766ca1caa47e5da5dfcf6b9b717c0
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
root@Win10:Desktop# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) #所有镜像都删除
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:78800e6d3f1b230e35275145e657b82c3fb02a27b2d8e76aac2f5e90c1c30873
Deleted: sha256:a347a59280467629ae4d70ce555e3f96faca8ff2ff8c57cacc8184bebb681f66
Deleted: sha256:8c4db4ce0f63c9eec74a2e555bb7e2fa5e2de08389cbc747793aa30bc3ac04e1
Deleted: sha256:6179be2adc547662cd0ef2cb032b85809ac68923b7ab9c71e5a21b88bbe7f542
Deleted: sha256:17d702350e6aa7f240ca23090d24b059f5c324e292a77b5069225e76e0b51dd6
Deleted: sha256:5c5f95733957fd96300b5265d6b2df728415ed62e7b4b30eadd7d836d48187bf
Deleted: sha256:fbf118fadaf5230c8df9a3b51c608393a8f3adb99c089ea2db253438efab1a0e
Deleted: sha256:43b82d704a10e6d022fa3f31a5f827a00e339ee21dd2849a9b120ab82be9af71
Deleted: sha256:a4994702421d2b9a74c4f3810aa7ac09990e849905f23a1d8f358c826d58501f
Deleted: sha256:36c598c7a6f90abf6d67cde4a58b0747bfbcc7441d3b782bdeea7cda8c9ad7b6
Deleted: sha256:86f598b4f8200bdd4ae752f916154e4e29d5b4c211bb124eb150b9957a3e0141
Deleted: sha256:9e979d97f92bf78a225c77c6b4ba74eb2e03efb95b19b69206cd17cee15a4b26
Deleted: sha256:aff48ce4678f78d83d7e9bfb9e88cd951c3da52da08779e99b6082edd1cc66f3
Deleted: sha256:87c8a1d8f54f3aa4e05569e8919397b65056aa71cdf48b7f061432c98475eee9
容器命令
root@Win10:Desktop# docker pull centos
新建容器启动docker run
#docker run [可选参数] <image>
#参数说明
--name="name" #容器名称 Centos-01 Centos-02 用以区分容器
-d #以后台的方式运行
-p #指定端口号
-p #ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p #主机端口:容器端口
-p #容器端口
容器端口
-P #随机端口
#运行Centos
root@Win10:Desktop# docker run -it centos /bin/bash #启动并进入容器
[root@3c18212d26e3 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@3c18212d26e3 /]# exit
exit
root@Win10:Desktop# ls
2021寒假共读书单电子版 'WSharkCoder - 快捷方式.lnk' 武科大助手开发规范.md
Docker.md desktop.ini 讲座登记表
LingHang idea快捷键.md 随手笔记.md
Linux-Tomcat线程查看.md middle-platform 领航用户中台设计.md
'PersonNote - 快捷方式.lnk' tacomall-springcloud
'WSL Ubuntu命令行使用笔记.md' '~$.doc'
列出所有容器 docker ps
#docker ps 命令
#列出正在运行中的容器
-a #列出正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=?#列出最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
root@Win10:Desktop# docker ps #显示运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
PORTS NAMES
root@Win10:Desktop# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
PORTS NAMES
c343f41fdac9 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (127) 9 seconds ago loving_newton
3c18212d26e3 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago happy_goodall
0b54b1e62602 centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago zealous_neumann
3df4665638f3 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 7 weeks ago Exited (0) 7 weeks ago nostalgic_saha
退出容器
exit #容器停止并退出
ctrl+p+q #容器不停止退出
删除指定的容器 docker rm
docker rm 容器ID #删除指定容器且不能删除正在运行的容器;如需强制删除:docker rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm #删除所有容器
启动/停止容器
docker start 容器ID #启动容器
docker restart 容器ID #重启容器
docker stop 容器ID #停止正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID #强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
#docker run -d 镜像名
root@Win10:Desktop# docker run -d centos
0c7ae437f05d3726e4f5c92110e0330e04db43f7ee353aa20d749fc4d8bb2d6d
root@Win10:Desktop# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
PORTS NAMES
#问题:明明以后台运行的方式，但是docker ps时却没有该容器？
#Docker 容器使用后台运行后，必须要有一个前台进程，Docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止;
查看日志
#docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
#参数说明
-tf #显示日志(带时间戳格式)
--tail <num> #显示日志的条数
查看容器进程信息
#docker top 容器ID
root@Win10:Desktop# docker top af112ec23bd3
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2823 0 21:47 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
查看容器元数据
#docker inspect 容器ID
root@Win10:Desktop# docker inspect af112ec23bd3
[
{
"Id": "af112ec23bd3f895f7106a3a8991badc14584abf4d45dfc4e6d35e04b809f4d5", #容器ID
"Created": "2021-01-11T13:47:12.9095342Z", #创建时间
"Path": "/bin/bash", #路径
"Args": [], #参数
"State": { #状态
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 2840,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-01-11T13:47:14.0800604Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": #镜像ID "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af112ec23bd3f895f7106a3a8991badc14584abf4d45dfc4e6d35e04b809f4d5/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af112ec23bd3f895f7106a3a8991badc14584abf4d45dfc4e6d35e04b809f4d5/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af112ec23bd3f895f7106a3a8991badc14584abf4d45dfc4e6d35e04b809f4d5/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af112ec23bd3f895f7106a3a8991badc14584abf4d45dfc4e6d35e04b809f4d5/af112ec23bd3f895f7106a3a8991badc14584abf4d45dfc4e6d35e04b809f4d5-json.log",
"Name": "/compassionate_tesla",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/01f04733198f946b5597fa9f1462d4cf8dfc23952bed3dea5271b628bc2a14e5-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/857dbd38140359f25d6c1e554a458284414ec27fe68a740c4c7d6a67bb5612ca/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/01f04733198f946b5597fa9f1462d4cf8dfc23952bed3dea5271b628bc2a14e5/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/01f04733198f946b5597fa9f1462d4cf8dfc23952bed3dea5271b628bc2a14e5/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/01f04733198f946b5597fa9f1462d4cf8dfc23952bed3dea5271b628bc2a14e5/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "af112ec23bd3",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "e46430bd77a7d305766d041539da1cffef18005fea23102425f68bc48e3e453b",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e46430bd77a7",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "73e3e993e3ff97dcae6dbbe13d60e04d6cc6c203311e3ad2a5eae237df597ec5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "365a4c0425fa7e56734ab48ebf6da2047a15708b20377dca45a73ab405b1fbde",
"EndpointID": "73e3e993e3ff97dcae6dbbe13d60e04d6cc6c203311e3ad2a5eae237df597ec5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
#通常容器都是后台运行，目前有进入容器修改配置文件的需求
#方式一
#docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell
#测试
root@Win10:Desktop# docker exec -it af112ec23bd3 /bin/bash
[root@af112ec23bd3 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#方式二
#docker attach 容器ID
#测试
root@Win10:Desktop# docker attach af112ec23bd3
[root@af112ec23bd3 src]#
#二者区别:
#docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可在新终端中操作;
#docker attach #进入容器中正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程;
从容器内拷贝文件到主机
#docker cp 容器ID:容器PATH 主机PATH
#测试
[root@af112ec23bd3 src]# touch Test.txt #容器中创建文件
[root@af112ec23bd3 src]# exit #退出并关闭容器
exit
root@Win10:Desktop# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
af112ec23bd3 centos "/bin/bash" 48 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 seconds ago compassionate_tesla
8a629d96378a centos "/bin/bash" 48 minutes ago Exited (0) 48 minutes ago nifty_kilby
c49a9ee5acd2 centos "/bin/sh -C 'while …" 49 minutes ago Exited (127) 49 minutes ago quizzical_buck
0b8c449f610c centos "/bin/sh -C 'while t…" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago brave_knuth
4f76f3259f6b centos "/bin/bash -C 'while…" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago vigilant_wing
fb617b7afe78 centos "-C 'while true;do e…" 3 hours ago Created naughty_franklin
2a979838e425 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago amazing_goldwasser
0c7ae437f05d centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago eloquent_maxwell
157ebdeb0df4 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago romantic_antonelli
6a4e7d5ffe18 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago interesting_ptolemy
3484e4aa3e54 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago pensive_elgamal
c343f41fdac9 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago loving_newton
3c18212d26e3 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago happy_goodall
0b54b1e62602 centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago zealous_neumann
3df4665638f3 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 8 weeks ago Exited (0) 8 weeks ago nostalgic_saha
#将af112ec23bd3容器中/usr/local/src/Test.txt 拷贝至当前目录下
root@Win10:Desktop# docker cp af112ec23bd3:/usr/local/src/Test.txt ./
小结
docker version Show the Docker version information #显示Docker 版本信息
docker info Display system-wide information #显示系统信息
docker images List images #列出镜像
docker search Search Docker-Hub for images #Docker-Hub查找相应的Images
docker pull Pull an image or a repository from a register
docker rmi Remove one or more images #移除一个或多个Images
docker run Run a command in a new container #在一个新容器中运行命令
docker ps List containers #列出容器
docker rm Remove one or more containers #移除一个或多个容器
docker start Start one or more stopped containers #启动一个或多个停止状态的容器
docker restart Restart one or more containers #重启一个或多个容器
docker stop Stop one or more running containers #停止一个或多个运行中的容器
docker kill Kill one or more running containers #强制停止一个或多个运行中的容器
docker top Display the running processes of a container #显示运行容器的进程信息
docker logs Fetch the logs of a container #查看日志信息
docker inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects #返回Docker元数据信息
docker exec Run a command in a running container #在容器中执行
docker attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container #连接容器本地输入/输出/错误流
docker cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #将容器中文件复制到当前系统中
