聊聊golang的lumberjack

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本文主要研究一下golang的lumberjack

Logger

lumberjack.v2@v2.0.0/lumberjack.go

type Logger struct {
	// Filename is the file to write logs to.  Backup log files will be retained
	// in the same directory.  It uses <processname>-lumberjack.log in
	// os.TempDir() if empty.
	Filename string `json:"filename" yaml:"filename"`

	// MaxSize is the maximum size in megabytes of the log file before it gets
	// rotated. It defaults to 100 megabytes.
	MaxSize int `json:"maxsize" yaml:"maxsize"`

	// MaxAge is the maximum number of days to retain old log files based on the
	// timestamp encoded in their filename.  Note that a day is defined as 24
	// hours and may not exactly correspond to calendar days due to daylight
	// savings, leap seconds, etc. The default is not to remove old log files
	// based on age.
	MaxAge int `json:"maxage" yaml:"maxage"`

	// MaxBackups is the maximum number of old log files to retain.  The default
	// is to retain all old log files (though MaxAge may still cause them to get
	// deleted.)
	MaxBackups int `json:"maxbackups" yaml:"maxbackups"`

	// LocalTime determines if the time used for formatting the timestamps in
	// backup files is the computer's local time.  The default is to use UTC
	// time.
	LocalTime bool `json:"localtime" yaml:"localtime"`

	// Compress determines if the rotated log files should be compressed
	// using gzip. The default is not to perform compression.
	Compress bool `json:"compress" yaml:"compress"`

	size int64
	file *os.File
	mu   sync.Mutex

	millCh    chan bool
	startMill sync.Once
}

Logger定义了Filename、MaxSize(单个文件大小最大值,单位M)、MaxAge(单位天)、MaxBackups、LocalTime、Compress属性,另外还有私有属性size、file、sync.Mutex、millCh、startMill

Write

lumberjack.v2@v2.0.0/lumberjack.go

const (
	backupTimeFormat = "2006-01-02T15-04-05.000"
	compressSuffix   = ".gz"
	defaultMaxSize   = 100
)

func (l *Logger) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	l.mu.Lock()
	defer l.mu.Unlock()

	writeLen := int64(len(p))
	if writeLen > l.max() {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf(
			"write length %d exceeds maximum file size %d", writeLen, l.max(),
		)
	}

	if l.file == nil {
		if err = l.openExistingOrNew(len(p)); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}

	if l.size+writeLen > l.max() {
		if err := l.rotate(); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}

	n, err = l.file.Write(p)
	l.size += int64(n)

	return n, err
}

func (l *Logger) max() int64 {
	if l.MaxSize == 0 {
		return int64(defaultMaxSize * megabyte)
	}
	return int64(l.MaxSize) * int64(megabyte)
}

Write方法先判断要写入的长度是否超过l.max(),之后判断file是否为nil,如果为nil则执行l.openExistingOrNew;之后判断l.size+writeLen是否大于l.max(),如果大于则执行l.rotate(),否则执行l.file.Write(p),然后更新l.size

openExistingOrNew

lumberjack.v2@v2.0.0/lumberjack.go

func (l *Logger) openExistingOrNew(writeLen int) error {
	l.mill()

	filename := l.filename()
	info, err := os_Stat(filename)
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return l.openNew()
	}
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error getting log file info: %s", err)
	}

	if info.Size()+int64(writeLen) >= l.max() {
		return l.rotate()
	}

	file, err := os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
	if err != nil {
		// if we fail to open the old log file for some reason, just ignore
		// it and open a new log file.
		return l.openNew()
	}
	l.file = file
	l.size = info.Size()
	return nil
}

openExistingOrNew先执行mill方法,之后判断file是否存在,不存在则执行l.openNew();若文件大小与要写入的大小之和大于等于l.max(),执行l.rotate();否则执行os.OpenFile

millRunOnce

lumberjack.v2@v2.0.0/lumberjack.go

func (l *Logger) mill() {
	l.startMill.Do(func() {
		l.millCh = make(chan bool, 1)
		go l.millRun()
	})
	select {
	case l.millCh <- true:
	default:
	}
}

func (l *Logger) millRun() {
	for _ = range l.millCh {
		// what am I going to do, log this?
		_ = l.millRunOnce()
	}
}

func (l *Logger) millRunOnce() error {
	if l.MaxBackups == 0 && l.MaxAge == 0 && !l.Compress {
		return nil
	}

	files, err := l.oldLogFiles()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var compress, remove []logInfo

	if l.MaxBackups > 0 && l.MaxBackups < len(files) {
		preserved := make(map[string]bool)
		var remaining []logInfo
		for _, f := range files {
			// Only count the uncompressed log file or the
			// compressed log file, not both.
			fn := f.Name()
			if strings.HasSuffix(fn, compressSuffix) {
				fn = fn[:len(fn)-len(compressSuffix)]
			}
			preserved[fn] = true

			if len(preserved) > l.MaxBackups {
				remove = append(remove, f)
			} else {
				remaining = append(remaining, f)
			}
		}
		files = remaining
	}
	if l.MaxAge > 0 {
		diff := time.Duration(int64(24*time.Hour) * int64(l.MaxAge))
		cutoff := currentTime().Add(-1 * diff)

		var remaining []logInfo
		for _, f := range files {
			if f.timestamp.Before(cutoff) {
				remove = append(remove, f)
			} else {
				remaining = append(remaining, f)
			}
		}
		files = remaining
	}

	if l.Compress {
		for _, f := range files {
			if !strings.HasSuffix(f.Name(), compressSuffix) {
				compress = append(compress, f)
			}
		}
	}

	for _, f := range remove {
		errRemove := os.Remove(filepath.Join(l.dir(), f.Name()))
		if err == nil && errRemove != nil {
			err = errRemove
		}
	}
	for _, f := range compress {
		fn := filepath.Join(l.dir(), f.Name())
		errCompress := compressLogFile(fn, fn+compressSuffix)
		if err == nil && errCompress != nil {
			err = errCompress
		}
	}

	return err
}

millRunOnce通过l.oldLogFiles()获取files,然后对于配置了MaxBackups且该值小于旧文件个数时计算要remove的文件,更新files;若l.MaxAge大于0则再根据日期计算要remove的文件,更新files;若l.Compress为true则计算需要compress的文件;之后遍历remove移除文件,遍历compress执行压缩

oldLogFiles

lumberjack.v2@v2.0.0/lumberjack.go

func (l *Logger) oldLogFiles() ([]logInfo, error) {
	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(l.dir())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't read log file directory: %s", err)
	}
	logFiles := []logInfo{}

	prefix, ext := l.prefixAndExt()

	for _, f := range files {
		if f.IsDir() {
			continue
		}
		if t, err := l.timeFromName(f.Name(), prefix, ext); err == nil {
			logFiles = append(logFiles, logInfo{t, f})
			continue
		}
		if t, err := l.timeFromName(f.Name(), prefix, ext+compressSuffix); err == nil {
			logFiles = append(logFiles, logInfo{t, f})
			continue
		}
		// error parsing means that the suffix at the end was not generated
		// by lumberjack, and therefore it's not a backup file.
	}

	sort.Sort(byFormatTime(logFiles))

	return logFiles, nil
}

func (l *Logger) prefixAndExt() (prefix, ext string) {
	filename := filepath.Base(l.filename())
	ext = filepath.Ext(filename)
	prefix = filename[:len(filename)-len(ext)] + "-"
	return prefix, ext
}

func (l *Logger) timeFromName(filename, prefix, ext string) (time.Time, error) {
	if !strings.HasPrefix(filename, prefix) {
		return time.Time{}, errors.New("mismatched prefix")
	}
	if !strings.HasSuffix(filename, ext) {
		return time.Time{}, errors.New("mismatched extension")
	}
	ts := filename[len(prefix) : len(filename)-len(ext)]
	return time.Parse(backupTimeFormat, ts)
}

type byFormatTime []logInfo

func (b byFormatTime) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return b[i].timestamp.After(b[j].timestamp)
}

func (b byFormatTime) Swap(i, j int) {
	b[i], b[j] = b[j], b[i]
}

func (b byFormatTime) Len() int {
	return len(b)
}

oldLogFiles读取当前目录的文件,然后通过byFormatTime排序,即按时间降序排列

rotate

lumberjack.v2@v2.0.0/lumberjack.go

func (l *Logger) rotate() error {
	if err := l.close(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := l.openNew(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	l.mill()
	return nil
}

func (l *Logger) close() error {
	if l.file == nil {
		return nil
	}
	err := l.file.Close()
	l.file = nil
	return err
}

func (l *Logger) openNew() error {
	err := os.MkdirAll(l.dir(), 0744)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("can't make directories for new logfile: %s", err)
	}

	name := l.filename()
	mode := os.FileMode(0644)
	info, err := os_Stat(name)
	if err == nil {
		// Copy the mode off the old logfile.
		mode = info.Mode()
		// move the existing file
		newname := backupName(name, l.LocalTime)
		if err := os.Rename(name, newname); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("can't rename log file: %s", err)
		}

		// this is a no-op anywhere but linux
		if err := chown(name, info); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// we use truncate here because this should only get called when we've moved
	// the file ourselves. if someone else creates the file in the meantime,
	// just wipe out the contents.
	f, err := os.OpenFile(name, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, mode)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("can't open new logfile: %s", err)
	}
	l.file = f
	l.size = 0
	return nil
}

func backupName(name string, local bool) string {
	dir := filepath.Dir(name)
	filename := filepath.Base(name)
	ext := filepath.Ext(filename)
	prefix := filename[:len(filename)-len(ext)]
	t := currentTime()
	if !local {
		t = t.UTC()
	}

	timestamp := t.Format(backupTimeFormat)
	return filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s%s", prefix, timestamp, ext))
}

rotate方法会close当前文件,然后openNew新文件,最后执行l.mill();openNew方法先通过backupName计算要备份的文件名,然后执行Rename,将当前文件重命名为备份文件名,然后执行chown,最后执行os.OpenFile打开新文件

小结

Logger定义了Filename、MaxSize(单个文件大小最大值,单位M)、MaxAge(单位天)、MaxBackups、LocalTime、Compress属性;Write方法先判断要写入的长度是否超过l.max(),之后判断file是否为nil,如果为nil则执行l.openExistingOrNew;之后判断l.size+writeLen是否大于l.max(),如果大于则执行l.rotate(),否则执行l.file.Write(p),然后更新l.size。

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