C++

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base64编解码(一)

ZBase64.h

#include <string>
using namespace std;

class ZBase64
{
public:
    /*编码
    DataByte
        [in]输入的数据长度,以字节为单位
    */
    string Encode(const unsigned char* Data,int DataByte);
    /*解码
    DataByte
        [in]输入的数据长度,以字节为单位
    OutByte
        [out]输出的数据长度,以字节为单位,请不要通过返回值计算
        输出数据的长度
    */
    string Decode(const char* Data,int DataByte,int& OutByte);
};

ZBase64.cpp

#include "../hpp/ZBase64.h"
string ZBase64::Encode(const unsigned char* Data,int DataByte)
{
    //编码表
    const char EncodeTable[]="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
    //返回值
    string strEncode;
    unsigned char Tmp[4]={0};
    int LineLength=0;
    for(int i=0;i<(int)(DataByte / 3);i++)
    {
        Tmp[1] = *Data++;
        Tmp[2] = *Data++;
        Tmp[3] = *Data++;
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[Tmp[1] >> 2];
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] << 4) | (Tmp[2] >> 4)) & 0x3F];
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] << 2) | (Tmp[3] >> 6)) & 0x3F];
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[Tmp[3] & 0x3F];
        if(LineLength+=4,LineLength==76) {strEncode+="\r\n";LineLength=0;}
    }
    //对剩余数据进行编码
    int Mod=DataByte % 3;
    if(Mod==1)
    {
        Tmp[1] = *Data++;
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2];
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4)];
        strEncode+= "==";
    }
    else if(Mod==2)
    {
        Tmp[1] = *Data++;
        Tmp[2] = *Data++;
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2];
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4) | ((Tmp[2] & 0xF0) >> 4)];
        strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] & 0x0F) << 2)];
        strEncode+= "=";
    }

    return strEncode;
}

string ZBase64::Decode(const char* Data,int DataByte,int& OutByte)
{
    //解码表
    const char DecodeTable[] =
            {
                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                    62, // '+'
                    0, 0, 0,
                    63, // '/'
                    52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9'
                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
                    13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z'
                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                    26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
                    39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z'
            };
    //返回值
    string strDecode;
    int nValue;
    int i= 0;
    while (i < DataByte)
    {
        if (*Data != '\r' && *Data!='\n')
        {
            nValue = DecodeTable[*Data++] << 18;
            nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 12;
            strDecode+=(nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
            OutByte++;
            if (*Data != '=')
            {
                nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 6;
                strDecode+=(nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
                OutByte++;
                if (*Data != '=')
                {
                    nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++];
                    strDecode+=nValue & 0x000000FF;
                    OutByte++;
                }
            }
            i += 4;
        }
        else// 回车换行,跳过
        {
            Data++;
            i++;
        }
    }
    return strDecode;
}

使用示例(结合CxImage库):

CString CScanDlg::EncodeImage()
{//对图片进行Base64编码
    ZBase64 zBase;
    //图片编码
    CxImage  image;   // 定义一个CxImage对象    
    image.Load(this->m_strImgPath, CXIMAGE_FORMAT_JPG);   //先装载jpg文件,需要指定文件类型
    long size=0;//得到图像大小
    BYTE* buffer=0;//存储图像数据的缓冲
    image.Encode(buffer,size,CXIMAGE_FORMAT_JPG);//把image对象中的图像以type类型数据copy到buffer
    string strTmpResult=zBase.Encode(buffer,size);
    CString result;
    result = strTmpResult.c_str();
    return result;
}
void CScanDlg::DecodeImageData(CString strData)
{//对Base64编码过的数据解码并显示原图片

    ZBase64 zBase;
    int OutByte=0;
    string strTmpResult=zBase.Decode(strData,strData.GetLength(),OutByte);
    int i,len = strTmpResult.length();
    BYTE *buffer = new BYTE[len];
    for (i=0;i<len;++i)
    {
        buffer[i] = strTmpResult[i];
    }
    CxImage image(buffer,len,CXIMAGE_FORMAT_JPG);//把内存缓冲buffer中的数据构造成Image对象
    delete [] buffer;
    CDC* hdc = m_picture.GetDC();
    m_bitmap = image.MakeBitmap(hdc->m_hDC);
    HBITMAP h0ldBmp = m_picture.SetBitmap(m_bitmap);
    if(h0ldBmp) DeleteObject(h0ldBmp);
    if(hdc->m_hDC) m_picture.ReleaseDC(hdc);
    if(m_bitmap) DeleteObject(m_bitmap);
}

    ZBase64 zBase64;
    int OutByte=0;
    string data = chunk;
    string dstData_base64  = zBase64.Decode(chunk,data.length()  , OutByte);

base64编解码(二)

base64util.h

#include <string>
using namespace std;
class base64util {
public:
    enum Base64Option {
        Base64Encoding = 0,
        Base64UrlEncoding = 1,

        KeepTrailingEquals = 0,
        OmitTrailingEquals = 2
    };
    //对数据的base64解密 参数sourceData代表要被解密的数据, options表示加密选项flags,默认0
    std::string decode_base64(const  std::string sourceData, int options = Base64Encoding);
    //对数据的base64加密 参数sourceData代表要被加密的数据, options表示加密选项flags 默认0
    std::string encode_base64(const  std::string sourceData, int options = Base64Encoding);
};

base64util.cpp

#include <opencv2/core/hal/interface.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "../hpp/base64util.h"

std::string base64util::encode_base64(const std::string sourceData, int options) {
    const char alphabet_base64[] = "ABCDEFGH" "IJKLMNOP" "QRSTUVWX" "YZabcdef"
                                   "ghijklmn" "opqrstuv" "wxyz0123" "456789+/";
    const char alphabet_base64url[] = "ABCDEFGH" "IJKLMNOP" "QRSTUVWX" "YZabcdef"
                                      "ghijklmn" "opqrstuv" "wxyz0123" "456789-_";
    const char *const alphabet = options & Base64UrlEncoding ? alphabet_base64url : alphabet_base64;
    const char padchar = '=';
    int padlen = 0;

    std::string tmp;
    tmp.resize((sourceData.size() + 2) / 3 * 4);

    int i = 0;
    char *out = &tmp[0];
    while (i < sourceData.size()) {
        // encode 3 bytes at a time
        int chunk = 0;
        chunk |= int(uchar(sourceData.data()[i++])) << 16;
        if (i == sourceData.size()) {
            padlen = 2;
        } else {
            chunk |= int(uchar(sourceData.data()[i++])) << 8;
            if (i == sourceData.size())
                padlen = 1;
            else
                chunk |= int(uchar(sourceData.data()[i++]));
        }

        int j = (chunk & 0x00fc0000) >> 18;
        int k = (chunk & 0x0003f000) >> 12;
        int l = (chunk & 0x00000fc0) >> 6;
        int m = (chunk & 0x0000003f);
        *out++ = alphabet[j];
        *out++ = alphabet[k];

        if (padlen > 1) {
            if ((options & OmitTrailingEquals) == 0)
                *out++ = padchar;
        } else {
            *out++ = alphabet[l];
        }
        if (padlen > 0) {
            if ((options & OmitTrailingEquals) == 0)
                *out++ = padchar;
        } else {
            *out++ = alphabet[m];
        }
    }
    assert((options & OmitTrailingEquals) || (out == tmp.size() + tmp.data()));
    if (options & OmitTrailingEquals)
        tmp.resize(out - tmp.data());
    return tmp;

}

std::string base64util::decode_base64(std::string sourceData, int options) {
    unsigned int buf = 0;
    int nbits = 0;
    std::string tmp;
    tmp.resize((sourceData.size() * 3) / 4);

    int offset = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < sourceData.size(); ++i) {
        int ch = sourceData.at(i);
        int d;

        if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
            d = ch - 'A';
        else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
            d = ch - 'a' + 26;
        else if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
            d = ch - '0' + 52;
        else if (ch == '+' && (options & Base64UrlEncoding) == 0)
            d = 62;
        else if (ch == '-' && (options & Base64UrlEncoding) != 0)
            d = 62;
        else if (ch == '/' && (options & Base64UrlEncoding) == 0)
            d = 63;
        else if (ch == '_' && (options & Base64UrlEncoding) != 0)
            d = 63;
        else
            d = -1;

        if (d != -1) {
            buf = (buf << 6) | d;
            nbits += 6;
            if (nbits >= 8) {
                nbits -= 8;
                tmp[offset++] = buf >> nbits;
                buf &= (1 << nbits) - 1;
            }
        }
    }

    tmp.resize(offset);
    return tmp;
}

使用:

    std::string srcData = "ABCDEFGHIGKLMN...+++---000123456789~!@#$%^&*()_+";
    std::string srcData_base64 = encode_base64(srcData);
    std::string dstData_base64 = decode_base64(srcData_base64);

    std::cout<< "src data:" << srcData << std::endl;
    std::cout<< "to base64:" << srcData_base64 << std::endl;
    std::cout <<"from base64:" << dstData_base64 << std::endl;

    //url

    srcData = "https://mp.csdn.net/postedit/83345819";
    srcData_base64 = encode_base64(srcData, Base64UrlEncoding & OmitTrailingEquals);
    dstData_base64 = decode_base64(srcData_base64, Base64UrlEncoding & OmitTrailingEquals);

    std::cout<< "src data:" << srcData << std::endl;
    std::cout<< "to base64:" << srcData_base64 << std::endl;
    std::cout <<"from base64:" << dstData_base64 << std::endl;

获得毫秒级的时间差

C++的<time.h>头文件中有time和clock可以用来计算时间,但是中提供了更加精确的统计时间的方法。 下面的代码支持Windows和Linux,但是要求编译器必须支持C++11。

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>

using std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
using std::chrono::milliseconds;

int main()
{
    high_resolution_clock::time_point beginTime = high_resolution_clock::now();
    ...
    do some stuff
    ...
    high_resolution_clock::time_point endTime = high_resolution_clock::now();
    milliseconds timeInterval = std::chrono::duration_cast<milliseconds>(endTime - beginTime);
    std::cout << timeInterval.count() << "ms\n";
}

linux下C++内存泄漏检测

  • Valgrind 安装:
sudo apt-get install valgrind`
  • 使用
valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./test

valgrind --leak-check=full ./程序名

生成.so文件

  • C++生成.so文件
 g++  -shared  -fPIC  -o testso.so testso.cpp
  • C 生成.so文件
gcc test_a.c test_b.c test_c.c -fPIC -shared -o libtest.so

C使用gcc编译,C++使用g++编译。

文件操作

程序运行时产生的数据都属于临时数据,程序一旦运行结束都会释放。通过文件可以数据持久化,C++对文件操作需要包含头文<fstream>

文件类型分为两种:

  • 文本文件 - 文件以文本的ASCLL码形式存储在计算机中
  • 二进制文件 - 文件以文本的二进制形式存储在计算机中,用一般不能直接读懂他们 操作文件的三大类:
  • ofstream:写操作
  • ifstream:读操作
  • fstream:读写操作

文本文件:

写文件步骤:
    包含头文件
    `#include <fstream>`
    创建流对象
    `ofstream ofs;`
    打开文件
    `ofs.open("文件路径",打开方式);`
    写数据
    `ofs<< "写入的数据";`
    关闭文件
    `ofs.close();`
文件打开方式:
    打开方式    解释
    ios::in     为读文件而打开文件
    ios::out    为写文件而打开文件
    ios::ate    c初始位置:文件尾
    ios::app    追加方式写文件
    ios::trunc  如果文件存在先删除,再创建
    ios::binary 二进制方式
注意:
    文打开方式可以配合使用,利用|操作符
    例如:用二进制方式写文件`ios::binary | ios::out`
#include <fstream>
void test()
{
    ofstream ofs;
    ofs.open("test.txt",ios::out);
    ofs<< "姓名:张三" << endl;
    ofs<< "姓名:张三" << endl;
    ofs.close();
}