初探LLVM JIT: 一个最小的JIT的例子(llvm 8)

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我接触llvm的主要目的是写pass,但llvm ir以及ir对应的api让我很头疼。为了快速熟悉这套api,我需要一种快速编写、快速测试的方法,最后了解到llvm jit的存在。

但是在网上找了一些教材后,发现都不能顺利的跑起来,就连llvm源码中提供的example我也没能顺利的跑起来,一度让我怀疑自己是不是该放弃。在垂死挣扎之后,终于让我跑通了。

下面用一个简单例子来演示怎么使用llvm api新建module以及function,并且用jit去执行函数。

我们的目的是生成下面两个函数,并且调用foo,最后能打出执行结果11。

int add1(int x) {
   return x+1;
 }

 int foo() {
   return add1(10);
 }

我把整个代码分成两部分,一部分是使用llvm ir指令生成上面函数,第二部分是使用llvm jit去执行上面函数。

下面是第一部分代码,

int initModule(LLVMContext &Context, Module *M, Function *FooF) {


    // Create the add1 function entry and insert this entry into module M.  The
    // function will have a return type of "int" and take an argument of "int".
    Function *Add1F =
            cast<Function>(M->getOrInsertFunction("add1", Type::getInt32Ty(Context),
                                                  Type::getInt32Ty(Context)));

    // Add a basic block to the function. As before, it automatically inserts
    // because of the last argument.
    BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(Context, "EntryBlock", Add1F);

    // Create a basic block builder with default parameters.  The builder will
    // automatically append instructions to the basic block `BB'.
    IRBuilder<> builder(BB);

    // Get pointers to the constant `1'.
    Value *One = builder.getInt32(1);

    // Get pointers to the integer argument of the add1 function...
    assert(Add1F->arg_begin() != Add1F->arg_end()); // Make sure there's an arg
    Argument *ArgX = &*Add1F->arg_begin();          // Get the arg
    ArgX->setName("AnArg");            // Give it a nice symbolic name for fun.

    // Create the add instruction, inserting it into the end of BB.
    Value *Add = builder.CreateAdd(One, ArgX);

    // Create the return instruction and add it to the basic block
    builder.CreateRet(Add);

    // Now, function add1 is ready.

    // Now we're going to create function `foo', which returns an int and takes no
    // arguments.

    // Add a basic block to the FooF function.
    BB = BasicBlock::Create(Context, "EntryBlock", FooF);

    // Tell the basic block builder to attach itself to the new basic block
    builder.SetInsertPoint(BB);

    // Get pointer to the constant `10'.
    Value *Ten = builder.getInt32(10);

    // Pass Ten to the call to Add1F
    CallInst *Add1CallRes = builder.CreateCall(Add1F, Ten);
    Add1CallRes->setTailCall(true);

    // Create the return instruction and add it to the basic block.
    builder.CreateRet(Add1CallRes);

}

下面是第二部分代码

int main() {
    LLVMInitializeNativeAsmPrinter();
    InitializeNativeTarget();

    LLVMContext Context;

    // Create some module to put our function into it.
    std::unique_ptr<Module> Owner = make_unique<Module>("test", Context);
    Module *M = Owner.get();

    Function *FooF =
            cast<Function>(M->getOrInsertFunction("foo", Type::getInt32Ty(Context)));

    initModule(Context, M, FooF);

    // Now we create the JIT.
    ExecutionEngine *EE = EngineBuilder(std::move(Owner)).create();

    outs() << "We just constructed this LLVM module:\n\n" << *M;
    outs() << "\n\nRunning foo: ";
    outs().flush();

    // Call the `foo' function with no arguments:
    std::vector<GenericValue> noargs;
    GenericValue gv = EE->runFunction(FooF, noargs);

    // Import result of execution:
    outs() << "Result: " << gv.IntVal << "\n";
    delete EE;
    llvm_shutdown();
    return 0;
}

最后使用clang++进行编译生成可执行文件

clang++ -g HowToUseJIT.cpp `llvm-config --cxxflags --ldflags --system-libs --libs core mcjit native orcjit` -rdynamic -O3 -o HowToUseJIT

下面是执行的效果,可以看到生成的中间代码以及运行的结果。通过这种方式,感觉可以很方便的学习llvm ir指令以及对应的api。 代码仓库地址