正向代理和反向代理的区别

如图中：
正向代理：client和proxy在同一个局域网，server只知道proxy的存在，不晓得client的存在。正向代理会隐藏掉client的信息。
反向代理：proxy和server在同一个局域网，client只知道proxy的存在，不晓得server的存在。反向代理会隐藏掉server的信息。

nginx配置反向代理

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  4;

error_log  logs/debug.log  debug;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    #include       mime.types;
    #default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    
    server {
	    client_max_body_size 4G;
	    listen 80;
	    root /data;
	
    	location ~*.mp4$ {
                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:6666/${uri};  # 代理到本机的6666端口
    		autoindex on;
    		autoindex_exact_size on;
    		autoindex_localtime on;
    	}	
    }
    
    server {
	    client_max_body_size 4G;
	    listen 127.0.0.1:6666;
	    root /data;
	
    	location ~*.mp4$ {
    		autoindex on;
    		autoindex_exact_size on;
    		autoindex_localtime on;
    	}	
    }
}

client访问80端口是会通过proxy_pass代理到本地127.0.0.1的6666端口，则可以简单模拟从对外的80端口反向代理到对内的6666端口的实现。

通过curl测试

# curl -L -v http://192.168.116.130:80/a.mp4 -o 1.mp4
*   Trying 192.168.116.130...
* TCP_NODELAY set
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* Connected to 192.168.116.130 (192.168.116.130) port 80 (#0)
> GET /a.mp4 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.116.130
> User-Agent: curl/7.58.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.18.0
< Date: Sat, 29 Aug 2020 04:03:43 GMT
< Content-Type: text/plain
< Content-Length: 41780
< Connection: keep-alive
< Last-Modified: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 12:11:53 GMT
< ETag: "5ef34309-a334"
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
<
{ [13795 bytes data]
100 41780  100 41780    0     0  1854k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2040k
* Connection #0 to host 192.168.116.130 left intact

开启nginx debug日志可以发现，nginx内部代理到了本机6666端口去请求了

2020/08/28 21:03:43 [debug] 5072#0: *1 http proxy header:
"GET //a.mp4 HTTP/1.0
Host: 127.0.0.1:6666
Connection: close
User-Agent: curl/7.58.0
Accept: */*

"