Spring MVC入门

沉梦昂志z
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一、SpringMVC概述

1、是MVCII模式实现的框架技术之一

2、核心组件

  (1)DispatcherServlet类[dɪˈspætʃə(r)]由Spring框架提供
  (2)ModelAndView视图模型包装类，用于设置要请求的视图路径，一般在后台运行
  (3)注解@RequestMapping(value="访问路径"),RequestMapping--请求映射
  (4)@Contraller用于描述控制器组件。
  (5)springmvc-servlet.xml文件，用于配置控制器扫描，将注解的控制器组件设置到Spring容器中

3、Springmvc的开发步骤
(1)在当前工程引入Spring组件包

(2)编写实体类、业务类和控制器类，并设置注解注入的方式
实体类Users.java

package com.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Users implements Serializable{
	private String uname;
	private String passwd;
	public Users() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public Users(String uname, String passwd) {
		super();
		this.uname = uname;
		this.passwd = passwd;
	}
	public String getUname() {
		return uname;
	}
	public void setUname(String uname) {
		this.uname = uname;
	}
	public String getPasswd() {
		return passwd;
	}
	public void setPasswd(String passwd) {
		this.passwd = passwd;
	}
}

业务类IUsersBiz.java

package com.biz;
import com.bean.*;
public interface IUsersBiz {
	public boolean check(Users us);
}

业务类UsersBiz.java

package com.biz;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.bean.Users;
@Service
/**
 * @Service相当于
 * <bean id="usersBiz" class="com.biz.UsersBiz"/>
 * */
public class UsersBiz implements IUsersBiz {
	public boolean check(Users us) {
		if(us!=null){
			if(us.getUname()!=null&&!us.getUname().trim().equals("")
					&&us.getPasswd()!=null&&!us.getPasswd().equals("")){
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
}

控制器类UsersAction.java

package com.action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.bean.*;
import com.biz.*;
@Controller
public class UsersAction {
	@Autowired//依赖关联对象的注入
	/**
	 * @Autowired替代
	 * <bean id="xxx" class="com.action.UsersAction">
	 * 		<property name="usersBiz" ref="usersBiz"/>
	        //ref的usersBiz是UsersBiz中@Service中usersBiz
	 * </bean>
	 * */
	private IUsersBiz usersBiz;

	public IUsersBiz getUsersBiz() {
		return usersBiz;
	}
	public void setUsersBiz(IUsersBiz usersBiz) {
		this.usersBiz = usersBiz;
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value="check_Users.do")
	/**
	 * @RequestMapping(value="check_Users.do")
	 * 相当于servlet配置中的url-patten路径映射
	 * <servlet-mapping>
	 * 		<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
	 * 		<url-partten>/servlet/xxx</url-partten>
	 * <servlet-mapping>
	 * 请求路径的配置 
	 * */
	public String check(HttpServletResponse rep,HttpServletRequest request,Users us){
		System.out.println("action已经动作！.......");
		
		boolean flag=usersBiz.check(us);
		if(flag){
			request.setAttribute("us", us);
			return "loginok.jsp";
		}
		return "fail.jsp";
	}
}

(3)配置applicationContext.xml文件，加入注解扫描组件的上下文支持。并扫描注解的组件到Spring容器中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
		
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
		
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
		
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
		
		"
		default-autowire="byName"		
		>
		<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
		<context:component-scan base-package="com.biz"></context:component-scan>
		<context:component-scan base-package="com.action"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

(4)在WEB-INF目录下编写springmvc-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
		
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
		
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
		
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
		
		"
		default-autowire="byName"		
		>
		<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
		<context:component-scan base-package="com.action"></context:component-scan>

</beans>

(5)在web.xml文件中加入spring的启动和中文转码的过滤器

<!-- spring启动配置 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    
<!-- 配置中文转码过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

(6)在web.xml文件中配置springmvc的DispatcherServlet

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

(7)在WebRoot目录下编写jsp页面测试
index.jsp

<html>
  <body>
    用户登录  <br>
   <form action="check_Users.do" method="post">
   		账号:<input type="text" name="uname"/><br>
   		密码:<input type="password" name="passwd"/><br>
   		<input type="submit" value="确定"/>
   </form> 
  </body>
</html>

loginok.jsp

<html>
  <body>
    账号:${us.uname } <br>
   密码:${us.passwd } <br>
  </body>
</html>

fail.jsp

<html>
  <body>
    登录失败!<br>
  </body>
</html>

二、SpringMvc的参数传递

1、在执行方法中使用参数对象进行传递
例如:

@RequestMapping(value="check_Users.do")
	public String check(HttpServletResponse rep,HttpServletRequest request,Users us){
		System.out.println("action已经动作！.......");
		....
        }

2、使用@RequestParam进行参数传递
例如:

@RequestMapping(value="findByName_Users.do")
	public String findByName(@RequestParam(value="uname",required=false)){
		....
	}

    路径:
http://.../.../findByName_Users.do?uname=xxx
或者
http://.../.../findByName_Users.do

3、在@RequestMapping中指定传递的参数
例如:

	@RequestMapping(value="findByName_Users.do",params="uname")
	public String findByName(HttpServletResponse rep,HttpServletRequest request){
		....
	} 
       注意 ：uname参数值必须传递，否则出错
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