Spring注解-@Configuration注解、@Bean注解以及配置自动扫描、bean作用域 1、@Configuration标注在类上,相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的,作用为:配置spring容器(应用上下文)
复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
@Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); } } 复制代码 相当于:
复制代码
复制代码主方法进行测试:
复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) {
//@Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
//如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
//ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
}
} 复制代码 从运行主方法结果可以看出,spring容器已经启动了:
八月 11, 2016 12:04:11 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext prepareRefresh 信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@203e25d3: startup date [Thu Aug 11 12:04:11 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy spring容器启动初始化。。。
2、@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于spring的xml配置文件中的,作用为:注册bean对象
bean类:
复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
public class TestBean {
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public String toString(){
return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
}
public void start(){
System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
}
public void cleanUp(){
System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
}
} 复制代码
配置类:
复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
@Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); }
//@Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
//@Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
} 复制代码 主方法测试类:
复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class); //获取bean TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean"); tb.sayHello(); } } 复制代码 注: (1)、@Bean注解在返回实例的方法上,如果未通过@Bean指定bean的名称,则默认与标注的方法名相同;
(2)、@Bean注解默认作用域为单例singleton作用域,可通过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型作用域;
(3)、既然@Bean的作用是注册bean对象,那么完全可以使用@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Ripository等注解注册bean,当然需要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。
bean类:
复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
//添加注册bean的注解 @Component public class TestBean {
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public String toString(){
return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
}
}
配置类:
复制代码 @Configuration
//添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.test.spring.support.configuration") public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); }
//取消@Bean注解注册bean的方式
//@Bean
//@Scope("prototype")
//public TestBean testBean() {
// return new TestBean();
//}
} 复制代码 主方法测试获取bean对象:
复制代码 public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class); //获取bean TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean"); tb.sayHello(); } } 复制代码 sayHello()方法都被正常调用。