Spring注解-@Configuration注解、@Bean注解以及配置自动扫描、bean作用域

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Spring注解-@Configuration注解、@Bean注解以及配置自动扫描、bean作用域 1、@Configuration标注在类上,相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的,作用为:配置spring容器(应用上下文)

复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;

@Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); } } 复制代码 相当于:

复制代码

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主方法进行测试:

复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;

public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) {

    //@Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
    ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);

    //如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
    //ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
}

} 复制代码 从运行主方法结果可以看出,spring容器已经启动了:

八月 11, 2016 12:04:11 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext prepareRefresh 信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@203e25d3: startup date [Thu Aug 11 12:04:11 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy spring容器启动初始化。。。

2、@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于spring的xml配置文件中的,作用为:注册bean对象

bean类:

复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;

public class TestBean {

public void sayHello(){
    System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}

public String toString(){
    return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
}

public void start(){
    System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
}

public void cleanUp(){
    System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
}

} 复制代码

配置类:

复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;

@Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); }

//@Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
//@Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
    return new TestBean();
}

} 复制代码 主方法测试类:

复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;

public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class); //获取bean TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean"); tb.sayHello(); } } 复制代码 注: (1)、@Bean注解在返回实例的方法上,如果未通过@Bean指定bean的名称,则默认与标注的方法名相同;

(2)、@Bean注解默认作用域为单例singleton作用域,可通过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型作用域;

(3)、既然@Bean的作用是注册bean对象,那么完全可以使用@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Ripository等注解注册bean,当然需要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。

bean类:

复制代码 package com.test.spring.support.configuration;

//添加注册bean的注解 @Component public class TestBean {

public void sayHello(){
    System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}

public String toString(){
    return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
}

}

配置类:

复制代码 @Configuration

//添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.test.spring.support.configuration") public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); }

//取消@Bean注解注册bean的方式
//@Bean
//@Scope("prototype")
//public TestBean testBean() {
//  return new TestBean();
//}

} 复制代码 主方法测试获取bean对象:

复制代码 public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class); //获取bean TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean"); tb.sayHello(); } } 复制代码 sayHello()方法都被正常调用。