netty的自我学习(十)—Unpooled 类以及Netty实现群聊

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学习这件事,不在乎有没有人督促你,最重要的是在于你自己有没有觉悟和恒心。

温习中,会以笔记的形式记录下自我学习的过程。

文章部分图片来源于视频笔记!!非我自画!!

DEMO1

  1. Netty 提供一个专门用来操作缓冲区(即Netty的数据容器)的工具类
package netty.netty.buf;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;

public class NettyByteBuf01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {


        //创建一个ByteBuf
        //说明
        //1. 创建 对象,该对象包含一个数组arr , 是一个byte[10]
        //2. 在netty 的buffer中,不需要使用flip 进行反转
        //   底层维护了 readerindex 和 writerIndex
        //3. 通过 readerindex 和  writerIndex 和  capacity, 将buffer分成三个区域
        // 0---readerindex 已经读取的区域
        // readerindex---writerIndex , 可读的区域
        // writerIndex -- capacity, 可写的区域
        ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.buffer(10);

        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            buffer.writeByte(i);
        }

        System.out.println("capacity=" + buffer.capacity());//10
        //输出
//        for(int i = 0; i<buffer.capacity(); i++) {
//            System.out.println(buffer.getByte(i));
//        }
        for(int i = 0; i < buffer.capacity(); i++) {
            System.out.println(buffer.readByte());
        }
        System.out.println("执行完毕");
    }
}

capacity=10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
执行完毕

每次写 writerIndex 就是增加1

读的时候:

注意: 如果使用buffer.getByte(i) 获取值,那么readerindex 并不会增加,因为那是从数组索引获取的。

DEMO2

package netty.netty.buf;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class NettyByteBuf02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建ByteBuf
        ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,world!", Charset.forName("utf-8"));

        //使用相关的方法
        if(byteBuf.hasArray()) { // true

            byte[] content = byteBuf.array();

            //将 content 转成字符串
            System.out.println(new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8")));

            System.out.println("byteBuf=" + byteBuf);

            System.out.println(byteBuf.arrayOffset()); // 0
            System.out.println(byteBuf.readerIndex()); // 0
            System.out.println(byteBuf.writerIndex()); // 12
            System.out.println(byteBuf.capacity()); // 36

            //System.out.println(byteBuf.readByte()); //
            System.out.println(byteBuf.getByte(0)); // 104

            int len = byteBuf.readableBytes(); //可读的字节数  12
            System.out.println("len=" + len);

            //使用for取出各个字节
            for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                System.out.println((char) byteBuf.getByte(i));
            }

            //按照某个范围读取
            System.out.println(byteBuf.getCharSequence(0, 4, Charset.forName("utf-8")));
            System.out.println(byteBuf.getCharSequence(4, 6, Charset.forName("utf-8")));


        }


    }
}

hello,world!                        
byteBuf=UnpooledByteBufAllocator$InstrumentedUnpooledUnsafeHeapByteBuf(ridx: 0, widx: 12, cap: 36)
0
0
12
36
104
len=12
h
e
l
l
o
,
w
o
r
l
d
!
hell
o,worl

Netty群聊

1. 编写一个 Netty 群聊系统,实现服务器端和客户端之间的数据简单通讯(非阻塞) 2. 实现多人群聊 3. 服务器端:可以监测用户上线,离线,并实现消息转发功能 4. 客户端:通过channel 可以无阻塞发送消息给其它所有用户,同时可以接受其它用户发送的消息(有服务器转发得到) 5. 目的:进一步理解Netty非阻塞网络编程机制

server 端

package netty.netty.groupchat;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

public class GroupChatServer {

    private int port; //监听端口


    public GroupChatServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    //编写run方法,处理客户端的请求
    public void run() throws  Exception{

        //创建两个线程组
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //8个NioEventLoop

        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();

            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

                            //获取到pipeline
                            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                            //向pipeline加入解码器
                            pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
                            //向pipeline加入编码器
                            pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
                            //加入自己的业务处理handler
                            pipeline.addLast(new GroupChatServerHandler());

                        }
                    });

            System.out.println("netty 服务器启动");
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = b.bind(port).sync();

            //监听关闭
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        new GroupChatServer(7000).run();
    }
}

package netty.netty.groupchat;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class GroupChatServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {

    //public static List<Channel> channels = new ArrayList<Channel>();

    //使用一个hashmap 管理
    //public static Map<String, Channel> channels = new HashMap<String,Channel>();

    //定义一个channle 组,管理所有的channel
    //GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE) 是全局的事件执行器,是一个单例
    private static ChannelGroup  channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");


    //handlerAdded 表示连接建立,一旦连接,第一个被执行
    //将当前channel 加入到  channelGroup
    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        //将该客户加入聊天的信息推送给其它在线的客户端
        /*
        该方法会将 channelGroup 中所有的channel 遍历,并发送 消息,
        我们不需要自己遍历
         */
        channelGroup.writeAndFlush("[客户端]" + channel.remoteAddress() + " 加入聊天" + sdf.format(new java.util.Date()) + " \n");
        channelGroup.add(channel);




    }

    //断开连接, 将xx客户离开信息推送给当前在线的客户
    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        channelGroup.writeAndFlush("[客户端]" + channel.remoteAddress() + " 离开了\n");
        System.out.println("channelGroup size" + channelGroup.size());

    }

    //表示channel 处于活动状态, 提示 xx上线
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " 上线了~");
    }

    //表示channel 处于不活动状态, 提示 xx离线了
    @Override
    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " 离线了~");
    }

    //读取数据
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {

        //获取到当前channel
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        //这时我们遍历channelGroup, 根据不同的情况,回送不同的消息

        channelGroup.forEach(ch -> {
            if(channel != ch) { //不是当前的channel,转发消息
                ch.writeAndFlush("[客户]" + channel.remoteAddress() + " 发送了消息" + msg + "\n");
            }else {//回显自己发送的消息给自己
                ch.writeAndFlush("[自己]发送了消息" + msg + "\n");
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        //关闭通道
        ctx.close();
    }
}

client 端

package netty.netty.groupchat;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class GroupChatClient {

    //属性
    private final String host;
    private final int port;

    public GroupChatClient(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void run() throws Exception{
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {


        Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap()
                .group(group)
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

                        //得到pipeline
                        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                        //加入相关handler
                        pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());//解码
                        pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());//编码
                        //加入自定义的handler
                        pipeline.addLast(new GroupChatClientHandler());
                    }
                });

        ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();
        //得到channel
            Channel channel = channelFuture.channel();
            System.out.println("-------" + channel.localAddress()+ "--------");
            //客户端需要输入信息,创建一个扫描器
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
                String msg = scanner.nextLine();
                //通过channel 发送到服务器端
                channel.writeAndFlush(msg + "\r\n");
            }
        }finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new GroupChatClient("127.0.0.1", 7000).run();
    }
}

package netty.netty.groupchat;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class GroupChatClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(msg.trim());
    }
}

user

package netty.netty.groupchat;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String pwd;
}