从代理网站上爬取一个代理列表，本代码以西刺代理为例爬取代理池，然后从中随机取出一个ip做代理，验证代理是否可用，可用的话就可以用来做爬虫代理啦。
有的时候一些网站具有反爬虫机制，通过识别user-agent来判断你是人工访问，还是机器访问 ,这里定义一个字符串切片，来保存不同浏览器的user-agent。当然有的网站还有IP访问限制，可以使用代理来解决 西刺网站的反爬虫，本代码选择用webdriver模拟chrome浏览器来解决，webdriver的安装使用可参考。
import random,requests,os
from selenium import webdriver
from lxml import etree
chrome_driver=r"d:\install\python\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chrome\chromedriver.exe"
User_Agent = random.choice([
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
])
def getProxy():
http_list=[]
https_list=[]
for i in range(1,1000):
# proxy_url='http://www.xicidaili.com/'
proxy_url='https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/'+str(i)
driver=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chrome_driver)
driver.get(proxy_url)
t=driver.page_source
driver.quit()
html=etree.HTML(t)
for i in (list(range(3,23)) + list(range(25,45))):
ip=html.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]/tbody/tr[{}]/td[2]/text()'.format(i))[0].strip()
port=html.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]/tbody/tr[{}]/td[3]/text()'.format(i))[0].strip()
protocol=html.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]/tbody/tr[{}]/td[6]/text()'.format(i))[0].strip()
if protocol=="HTTP":
http_list.append(protocol+r"://"+ip+":"+port)
if protocol == "HTTPS":
https_list.append(protocol + r"://" + ip + ":" + port)
with open("http_list.txt","a") as p:
p.write(str(http_list))
with open("https_list.txt", "a") as p:
p.write(str(https_list))
def runProxy(url):
with open("http_list.txt") as f:
http_list = eval(f.read())
with open("https_list.txt") as f:
https_list = eval(f.read())
try:
proxies={"http":random.choice(http_list),"https":random.choice(https_list)}
headers={"User-Agent":User_Agent,"cookie":revert_cookie(cookie)}
r=requests.get(url,proxies=proxies,headers=headers)
if r.status_code==200:
print('代理可用：' , proxies)
else:
print('代理超时')
except:
print("更换代理中...")
while True:
for n in range(10):
proxies = {"http": random.choice(list(http_list)), "https": random.choice(list(https_list))}
headers = {"User-Agent": User_Agent}
try:
r = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=10)
print(r.status_code)
if r.status_code==200:
print('代理可用：' , proxies)
else:
print('代理超时')
continue
except:
print('代理不可用------')
if __name__ == '__main__':
url='http://www.baidu.com/'
getProxy()
runProxy(url)
爬虫是一场爬虫和反爬虫的博弈，先小小记录一下吧，以后用的时候再研究 不说了继续学习......
