1 Linux中提高工作效率的方法
1.1 历史命令- history
首先来看两条命令：
-
clear—Clear the screen. -
history—Display the contents of the history list.
默认bash存储500条历史命令，使用grep来筛选历史命令：
[me@linuxbox ~]$ history | grep /usr/
...
88 ls -l /usr/bin > ls-output.txt
...
结果中第一列的88是历史命令中的行号，可以使用历史命令行号来进行历史扩展（history expansion）
[me@linuxbox ~]$ !88
bash将会扩展（expand）!88为历史命令列表中第八十八行的命令
bash也提供在历史命令列表中渐进的搜索命令。即当我们输入字符时，我们可以告诉bash以输入内容来搜索历史记录列表，每个输入的其他字符进一步完善搜索结果。启用渐进搜索可以使用CTRL-R 快捷键，然后输入文本来搜索命令，当发现命令的时候可以按下回车键来执行命令或者使用CTRL-J来拷贝命令到新的命令行，当想要发现符合的命令结果时使用CTRL-R来向上移动历史列表。CTRL-G 或者 CTRL-C快捷键可以退出查找。
[me@linuxbox ~]$ #press CTRL-R
(reverse-i-search)`':
(reverse-i-search)`/usr/bin': ls -l /usr/bin > ls-output.tx #input/usr/bin
[me@linuxbox ~]$ ls -l /usr/bin > ls-output.txt #essing CTRL-J
1.2 命令行编辑快捷键
Table 8-1: Cursor Movement Commands
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| CTRL -A | Move cursor to the beginning of the line. |
| CTRL-E | Move cursor to the end of the line. |
| CTRL-F | Move cursor forward one character; same as the right arrow key. |
| CTRL-B | Move cursor backward one character; same as the left arrow key. |
| ALT-F | Move cursor forward one word. |
| ALT-B | Move cursor backward one word. |
| CTRL-L | Clear the screen and move the cursor to the top left corner. The clear command does the same thing. |
Table 8-2: Text Editing Commands
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| CTRL-D | Delete the character at the cursor location. |
| CTRL-T | Transpose (exchange) the character at the cursor location with the one preceding it. |
| ALT-T | Transpose the word at the cursor location with the one pre ceding it. |
| ALT-L | Convert the characters from the cursor location to the end of the word to lowercase. |
| ALT-U | Convert the characters from the cursor location to the end of the word to uppercase |
剪切和粘贴文本 Cutting and Pasting (Killing and Yanking) Text
Table 8-3: Cut and Paste Commands
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| CTRL-K | Kill text from the cursor location to the end of line. |
| CTRL-U | Kill text from the cursor location to the beginning of the line. |
| ALT-D | Kill text from the cursor location to the end of the current word. |
| ALT-BACKSPACE | Kill text from the cursor location to the beginning of the cur rent word. If the cursor is at the beginning of a word, kill the previous word. |
| CTRL-Y | Yank text from the kill-ring and insert it at the cursor location |
Table 8-5: History Commands
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| CTRL-P | Move to the previous history entry. Same action as the up arrow. |
| CTRL-N | Move to the next history entry. Same action as the down arrow. |
| ALT-< | Move to the beginning (top) of the history list. |
| ALT-> | Move to the end (bottom) of the history list; i.e., the current command line. |
| CTRL-R | Reverse incremental search. Searches incrementally from the current command line up the history list. |
| ALT-P | Reverse search, non-incremental. With this key, type the search string and press ENTER before the search is performed. |
| ALT-N | Forward search, non-incremental. |
| CTRL-O | Execute the current item in the history list and advance to the next one. This is handy if you are trying to re-execute a sequence of commands in the history list |
Table 8-6: History Expansion Commands
| Sequence | Action |
|---|---|
| !! | Repeat the last command. It is probably easier to press the up arrow and ENTER. |
| !number | Repeat history list item number. |
| !string | Repeat last history list item starting with string. |
| !?string | Repeat last history list item containing string |
1.3 补全（Completion）
按下TAB键来补全命令，文件名，变量（以美元符号$作为开始），用户名（以波浪号~作为开始），主机名（以@作为开始，只有在/etc/hosts文件中的主机名才可以被补全）。在补全时侯有时会出现提示音响起的情况，这是因为匹配到了多种情况，这种情况下只能进一步给予shell更多的线索来匹配结果。
Table 8-4: Completion Commands
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| ALT-? | Display list of possible completions. On most systems you can also do this by pressing the TAB key a second time, which is much easier. |
| ALT-* | Insert all possible completions. This is useful when you want to use more than one possible match |
