- push(): 一个或多个元素添加到数组的末尾，并返回该数组的新长度。会改变原数组结构。
const animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];
const count = animals.push('cows');
console.log(count);
// expected output: 4
console.log(animals);
// expected output: Array ["pigs", "goats", "sheep", "cows"]
animals.push('chickens', 'cats', 'dogs');
console.log(animals);
// expected output: Array ["pigs", "goats", "sheep", "cows", "chickens", "cats", "dogs"]
- pop():从数组中删除最后一个元素，并返回该元素的值。此方法更改数组的长度.
const plants = ['broccoli', 'cauliflower', 'cabbage', 'kale', 'tomato'];
console.log(plants.pop());
// expected output: "tomato"
console.log(plants);
// expected output: Array ["broccoli", "cauliflower", "cabbage", "kale"]
plants.pop();
console.log(plants);
// expected output: Array ["broccoli", "cauliflower", "cabbage"]
- shift():从数组中删除第一个元素，并返回该元素的值。此方法更改数组的长度
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
const firstElement = array1.shift();
console.log(array1);
// expected output: Array [2, 3]
console.log(firstElement);
// expected output: 1
- unshift():将一个或多个元素添加到数组的开头，并返回该数组的新长度(该方法修改原有数组)。
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array1.unshift(4, 5));
// expected output: 5
console.log(array1);
// expected output: Array [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
增加都是返回新数组的长度，删除都是返回删掉的元素。
- concat():用于合并两个或多个数组。此方法不会更改现有数组，而是返回一个新数组
const array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
const array2 = ['d', 'e', 'f'];
const array3 = array1.concat(array2);
console.log(array3);
// expected output: Array ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
var num1 = [1, 2, 3],
num2 = [4, 5, 6],
num3 = [7, 8, 9];
var nums = num1.concat(num2, num3);
console.log(nums);
// results in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
- forEach(): 对数组的每个元素执行一次提供的函数,即遍历
const array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
array1.forEach(element => console.log(element));
// expected output: "a"
// expected output: "b"
// expected output: "c"
- sort():用原地算法对数组的元素进行排序，并返回数组。默认排序顺序是在将元素转换为字符串，然后比较它们的UTF-16代码单元值序列时构建的. 改变原数组
const months = ['March', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Dec'];
months.sort();
console.log(months);
// expected output: Array ["Dec", "Feb", "Jan", "March"]
const array1 = [1, 30, 4, 21, 100000];
array1.sort();
console.log(array1);
// expected output: Array [1, 100000, 21, 30, 4]
- reverse():将数组中元素的位置颠倒，并返回该数组。数组的第一个元素会变成最后一个，数组的最后一个元素变成第一个。该方法会改变原数组.
const array1 = ['one', 'two', 'three'];
console.log('array1:', array1);
// expected output: "array1:" Array ["one", "two", "three"]
const reversed = array1.reverse();
console.log('reversed:', reversed);
// expected output: "reversed:" Array ["three", "two", "one"]
// Careful: reverse is destructive -- it changes the original array.
console.log('array1:', array1);
// expected output: "array1:" Array ["three", "two", "one"]
- find():返回数组中满足提供的测试函数的第一个元素的值。否则返回 undefined
const array1 = [5, 12, 8, 130, 44];
const found = array1.find(element => element > 10);
console.log(found);
// expected output: 12
- includes():用来判断一个数组是否包含一个指定的值，根据情况，如果包含则返回 true，否则返回false。
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array1.includes(2));
// expected output: true
const pets = ['cat', 'dog', 'bat'];
console.log(pets.includes('cat'));
// expected output: true
console.log(pets.includes('at'));
// expected output: false
- indexOf():返回在数组中可以找到一个给定元素的第一个索引，如果不存在，则返回-1。
const beasts = ['ant', 'bison', 'camel', 'duck', 'bison'];
console.log(beasts.indexOf('bison'));
// expected output: 1
// start from index 2
console.log(beasts.indexOf('bison', 2));
// expected output: 4
console.log(beasts.indexOf('giraffe'));
// expected output: -1
- every():测试一个数组内的所有元素是否都能通过某个指定函数的测试。它返回一个布尔值。
const isBelowThreshold = (currentValue) => currentValue < 40;
const array1 = [1, 30, 39, 29, 10, 13];
console.log(array1.every(isBelowThreshold));
// expected output: true
- some():测试数组中是不是至少有1个元素通过了被提供的函数测试。它返回的是一个Boolean类型的值.
const array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// checks whether an element is even
const even = (element) => element % 2 === 0;
console.log(array.some(even));
// expected output: true
- fill():用一个固定值填充一个数组中从起始索引到终止索引内的全部元素。不包括终止索引。会改变原来的数组。返回值是修改后的数组。
const array1 = [1, 2, 3, 4];
// fill with 0 from position 2 until position 4
console.log(array1.fill(0, 2, 4));
// expected output: [1, 2, 0, 0]
// fill with 5 from position 1
console.log(array1.fill(5, 1));
// expected output: [1, 5, 5, 5]
console.log(array1.fill(6));
// expected output: [6, 6, 6, 6]
- filter():创建一个新数组, 其包含通过所提供函数实现的测试的所有元素. 返回值是一个新的、由通过测试的元素组成的数组，如果没有任何数组元素通过测试，则返回空数组。 不会改变原数组
const words = ['spray', 'limit', 'elite', 'exuberant', 'destruction', 'present'];
const result = words.filter(word => word.length > 6);
console.log(result);
// expected output: Array ["exuberant", "destruction", "present"]
- flat():会按照一个可指定的深度递归遍历数组，并将所有元素与遍历到的子数组中的元素合并为一个新数组返回。
var arr1 = [1, 2, [3, 4]];
arr1.flat();
// [1, 2, 3, 4]
var arr2 = [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6]]];
arr2.flat();
// [1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6]]
var arr3 = [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6]]];
arr3.flat(2);
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
//使用 Infinity，可展开任意深度的嵌套数组
var arr4 = [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6, [7, 8, [9, 10]]]]];
arr4.flat(Infinity);
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
- join():将一个数组（或一个类数组对象）的所有元素连接成一个字符串并返回这个字符串。如果数组只有一个项目，那么将返回该项目而不使用分隔符。不会改变原来的数组
const elements = ['Fire', 'Air', 'Water'];
console.log(elements.join());
// expected output: "Fire,Air,Water"
console.log(elements.join(''));
// expected output: "FireAirWater"
console.log(elements.join('-'));
// expected output: "Fire-Air-Water"
console.log(elements)
//Array ["Fire", "Air", "Water"]
- map（）：创建一个新数组，其结果是该数组中的每个元素都调用一个提供的函数后返回的结果。不会改变原数组
const array1 = [1, 4, 9, 16];
// pass a function to map
const map1 = array1.map(x => x * 2);
console.log(map1);
// expected output: Array [2, 8, 18, 32]
console.log(array1)
//Array [1, 4, 9, 16]
- slice():返回一个新的数组对象，这一对象是一个由 begin 和 end 决定的原数组的浅拷贝（包括 begin，不包括end）。原始数组不会被改变。
const animals = ['ant', 'bison', 'camel', 'duck', 'elephant'];
console.log(animals.slice(2));
// expected output: Array ["camel", "duck", "elephant"]
console.log(animals.slice(2, 4));
// expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"]
console.log(animals.slice(1, 5));
// expected output: Array ["bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"]
- splice():通过删除或替换现有元素或者原地添加新的元素来修改数组,并以数组形式返回被修改的内容。此方法会改变原数组。
const months = ['Jan', 'March', 'April', 'June'];
months.splice(1, 0, 'Feb');
// inserts at index 1
console.log(months);
// expected output: Array ["Jan", "Feb", "March", "April", "June"]
months.splice(4, 1, 'May');
// replaces 1 element at index 4
console.log(months);
// expected output: Array ["Jan", "Feb", "March", "April", "May"]
