JS之继承

302 阅读1分钟

感谢讶羽大大的分享,想看原文移步讶羽大大的GitHub

1.原型链继承

function Parent () {
    this.name = 'kevin';
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
    console.log(this.name);
}

function Child () {

}

Child.prototype = new Parent();

var child1 = new Child();

console.log(child1.getName()) // kevin

这样写引用类型的属性被所有的实例都共享了,而且创建child的时候不能向parent传参。

2.借用构造函数(经典继承)

function Parent () {
    this.names = ['kevin', 'daisy'];
}

function Child () {
    Parent.call(this);
}

var child1 = new Child();

child1.names.push('yayu');

console.log(child1.names); // ["kevin", "daisy", "yayu"]

var child2 = new Child();

console.log(child2.names); // ["kevin", "daisy"]

避免了引用类型的属性被所有实例共享,还可以在child中向parent传参

function Parent (name) {
    this.name = name;
}

function Child (name) {
    Parent.call(this, name);
}

var child1 = new Child('kevin');

console.log(child1.name); // kevin

var child2 = new Child('daisy');

console.log(child2.name); // daisy

但是这样方法都是在构造函数中定义的,每次创建实例都会创建一遍方法。

3.组合继承

function Parent (name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
    console.log(this.name)
}

function Child (name, age) {

    Parent.call(this, name);
    
    this.age = age;

}

Child.prototype = new Parent();
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;

var child1 = new Child('kevin', '18');

child1.colors.push('black');

console.log(child1.name); // kevin
console.log(child1.age); // 18
console.log(child1.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green", "black"]

var child2 = new Child('daisy', '20');

console.log(child2.name); // daisy
console.log(child2.age); // 20
console.log(child2.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green"]

这是最常用的继承模式。

4.原型式继承

function createObj(o) {
    function F(){}
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}

等于Object.create。

引用类型的属性值还是会被共享到每个实例。

5.寄生式继承

function createObj (o) {
    var clone = Object.create(o);
    clone.sayName = function () {
        console.log('hi');
    }
    return clone;
}

6.寄生组合式继承

function object(o) {
    function F() {}
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}

function prototype(child, parent) {
    var prototype = object(parent.prototype);
    prototype.constructor = child;
    child.prototype = prototype;
}

// 当我们使用的时候:
prototype(Child, Parent);