正方形
<div class="square"></div>
.square{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color:yellow
}

梯形
<div class="trapezoid"></div>
.trapezoid{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border-top:100px solid yellow;
border-right:100px solid transparent;
border-left:100px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid transparent;
}

圆形
<div class="circle"></div>
.circle{
width: 100px;
height:100px;
border-radius: 50%;
background-color: yellow;
}

椭圆
<div class="oval"></div>
.oval{
width: 100px;
height: 50px;
border-radius: 50%;
background-color:yellow;
}

三角形
<div class="triangle"></div>
.triangle{
width: 0px;
height: 0px;
border:100px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid yellow;
}

扇形
<div class="sector"></div>
.sector{
border:100px solid transparent;
border-radius: 100px;
border-top-color: yellow;
width: 0;
}

箭头
<div class="arrow"></div>
.arrow{
width: 0;
height: 0;
border: 50px solid;
border-color: transparent #0f0 transparent transparent;
position: relative;
}
.arrow::after{
content: '';
position: absolute;
right: -55px;
top: -50px;
border: 50px solid;
border-color: transparent #fff transparent transparent;
}
实现原理:利用两个三角形重叠
