重要属性
//存放数据的node数组 用volatile修饰
transient volatile Node<K,V>[] table;
//Node 节点的特殊hash节点状态
static final int MOVED = -1; // hash for forwarding nodes 正在迁移的节点
static final int TREEBIN = -2; // hash for roots of trees 红黑树的节点
static final int RESERVED = -3; // hash for transient reservations
//值为-1时标识正在初始化
//扩容时为负数,低16位是2开始,随着线程增加而增加,当低16位为1时表示扩容完成,表示正有N-1个线程执行扩容操作
//正常情况下为扩容的阈值=table.length-table.length>>2
private transient volatile int sizeCtl;
//扩容时的临时table
private transient volatile Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
//扩容时是一个槽一个槽的拆的,表示下一个要迁移的槽的索引,值为1~n之间
private transient volatile int transferIndex;
get()
public V get(Object key) {
//tab就是table e指key属于槽上的头结点 eh是头结点的hashcode
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; int n, eh; K ek;
//扰动函数 (h ^ (h >>> 16)) & HASH_BITS
int h = spread(key.hashCode());
//这里判断是否是空
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
//(n - 1) & h 取余获取key所在的下标 e为该下标下的头结点
(e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {
//这里先判断头结点的hashcode是否是key的hashcode
if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
//如果hashcode相同,在判断key是否相同,如果相同则返回
if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
return e.val;
}
//如果头结点的hashcode小于0,说明这个槽正在扩容
else if (eh < 0)
return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
//否则沿着链表向下找,直到hashcode和key都相同的情况
while ((e = e.next) != null) {
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
return e.val;
}
}
//找不到就返回null
return null;
}
//find方法就是沿着链表走一遍,没什么好说的
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
Node<K,V> e = this;
if (k != null) {
do {
K ek;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
return null;
}
hash在取余时h&(size-1) 如果size比较小取余时运算的生效位数只有后几位,扰动函数的作用在于增加低位的随机性
关于扰动函数的说明https://www.zhihu.com/question/28562088?sort=created
put()
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
//如果为空就抛出异常
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
//获取hash
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
//key所在槽下链表节点数量
int binCount = 0;
//开始循环
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
//f是指槽的头结点,fh是指头结点的hashCode, n是table数组的长度
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
//如果table为空首先初始化
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
//判断头结点是不是为null
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
//如果头结点为null,cas把null替换成新节点并返回,这个过程是没有锁的
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
//判断头结点的hashcode是不是Moved,如果是moved说明该槽正在resize
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
//帮助扩容
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
//头结点不为空也没有扩容的情况,加锁锁住头结点
synchronized (f) {
//这里的tabAt采用Unsafe.getObjectVolatile来获取,也许有人质疑,直接table[index]不可以么,为什么要这么复杂?
在java内存模型中,我们已经知道每个线程都有一个工作内存,里面存储着table的副本,虽然table是volatile修饰的,但不能保证线程每次都拿到table中的最新元素,Unsafe.getObjectVolatile可以直接获取指定内存的数据,保证了每次拿到数据都是最新的。
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
//判断一下hashCode是否大于0
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
//沿着头结点往下走,每遍历一个节点bitCount++
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
//判断node的hash和key是否相同,如果相同的话直接将value更新
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
//这时候遍历到最后一个节点了
Node<K,V> pred = e;
//如果最后一个节点是null,在后面插入一个新的节点
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
//判断是否是树节点
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
//插入红黑树
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
//判断该槽的数量是否大于等于8,如果是进行树化
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
//如果老的val不能空则返回
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
//记录总数,检查是否需要扩容
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}
initTable() 初始化
private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
//sizeCtl<0 表示正在扩容或初始化,yield让出线程
if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
//cas把sizeCtl 换成-1表示正在初始化
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
try {
if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//新建数组
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
table = tab = nt;
//sizeCtl变为n的0.75倍
sc = n - (n >>> 2);
}
} finally {
sizeCtl = sc;
}
break;
}
}
return tab;
}
addCount()
private final void addCount(long x, int check) {
//as类似LongAdder, s是元素总数 b是元素添加之前的总数
CounterCell[] as; long b, s;
if ((as = counterCells) != null ||
//cas更新数量
!U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, b = baseCount, s = b + x)) {
CounterCell a; long v; int m;
boolean uncontended = true;
if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
(a = as[ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() & m]) == null ||
!(uncontended =
U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))) {
fullAddCount(x, uncontended);
return;
}
if (check <= 1)
return;
//获取总数
s = sumCount();
}
if (check >= 0) {
Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc;
//判断总数是否大于ctl
while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null &&
(n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
//根据length得到一个标识rs
int rs = resizeStamp(n);
//sc<0正在初始化
if (sc < 0) {
// 如果 sc 的低 16 位不等于 标识符(校验异常 sizeCtl 变化了)
// 如果 sc == 标识符 + 1 (扩容结束了,不再有线程进行扩容)(默认第一个线程设置 sc ==rs 左移 16 位 + 2,当第一个线程结束扩容了,就会将 sc 减一。这个时候,sc 就等于 rs + 1)
// 如果 sc == 标识符 + 65535(帮助线程数已经达到最大)
// 如果 nextTable == null(结束扩容了)
// 如果 transferIndex <= 0 (转移状态变化了)
// 结束循环
if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
transferIndex <= 0)
break;
//如果可以帮助扩容,将sc+1标识一个线程帮助扩容
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
//扩容
transfer(tab, nt);
}
//如果不在扩容,把SIZECTL更新,标识符左移 16 位 然后 + 2. 也就是变成一个负数。高 16 位是标识符,低 16 位初始是 2.
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
(rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
//扩容
transfer(tab, null);
//获取总数,循环
s = sumCount();
}
}
}
transfer()
private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
int n = tab.length, stride;
//stride 每个CPU要出处理的桶的数量,槽个数的8分之一/逻辑处理器的数量,最少为16个
if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
if (nextTab == null) { // initiating
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//如果临时table为空新建一个,容量为原来的两倍
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
nextTab = nt;
} catch (Throwable ex) { // try to cope with OOME
sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
nextTable = nextTab;
//从n开始扩容
transferIndex = n;
}
//新数组的长度
int nextn = nextTab.length;
//扩容时的临时节点 hash为MOVED
ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
boolean advance = true;
boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing
for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int fh;
while (advance) {
int nextIndex, nextBound;
//如果完成则结束
//从开始遍历到bound
if (--i >= bound || finishing)
advance = false;
//下一个要扩容的节点<=0结束
else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
i = -1;
advance = false;
}
//更新transferIndex - stride
//每当i<=bound时 i= transferIndex-1 bound - transferIndex - stride,然后从i一直迁移到bound
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
(this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
//bound本次迁移的索引范围的下限
bound = nextBound;
//i为本次迁移索引范围的上线 迁移的范围在 bound到i(第一次运行得出)
i = nextIndex - 1;
advance = false;
}
}
//判断i是否不再迁移的范围中
if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
int sc;
//如果完成交换把nextTable赋值给table,更新sizeCtl
if (finishing) {
nextTable = null;
table = nextTab;
sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
return;
}
//扩容线程-1
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
return;
finishing = advance = true;
i = n; // recheck before commit
}
}
//索引i头结点cas判断如果是null的话,cas更新把i的头结点更新成 扩容临时节点
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
//如果判断索引i头结点不为空,并且hash == MOVED 说明这个头结点是fwd节点 已经扩容了
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
advance = true; // already processed
else {
//给头结点加锁
synchronized (f) {
//判断头结点是否变化
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
//ln是原来索引的列表,hn是新索引的链表
Node<K,V> ln, hn;
if (fh >= 0) {
int runBit = fh & n;
//lastRun记录链表中最后一个节点
Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
//开始遍历链表下的每个节点
for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
int b = p.hash & n;
if (b != runBit) {
runBit = b;
lastRun = p;
}
}
//如果最后一个节点的runBit == 0留在原来的索引,否则索引+n
if (runBit == 0) {
ln = lastRun;
hn = null;
}
else {
hn = lastRun;
ln = null;
}
//遍历所有节点,迁移到nextTable上
for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
if ((ph & n) == 0)
ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
else
hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
}
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
//旧table的索引i值替换为fwd节点
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
//红黑树处理
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
int h = e.hash;
TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
(h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
if ((h & n) == 0) {
if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
lo = p;
else
loTail.next = p;
loTail = p;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
hi = p;
else
hiTail.next = p;
hiTail = p;
++hc;
}
}
ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
(hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
(lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}