Runloop简介
Runloop定义
Runloop说白了就是一个do..while循环，它的作用是提供一个程序入口，让程序进入一个do..while循环里面，防止程序退出，它又不仅是一个运行循环，还是一个对象，可以提供很多功能。RunLoop工作模式为消息机制处理模式
在源码中，runloop是一个结构体，而结构体中有一个重要的成员CFRunloopModelRef
struct __CFRunLoop {
CFRuntimeBase _base;
pthread_mutex_t _lock; /* locked for accessing mode list */
__CFPort _wakeUpPort; // used for CFRunLoopWakeUp 内核向该端口发送消息可以唤醒runloop
Boolean _unused;
volatile _per_run_data *_perRunData; // reset for runs of the run loop
pthread_t _pthread; //RunLoop对应的线程
uint32_t _winthread;
CFMutableSetRef _commonModes; //存储的是字符串，记录所有标记为common的mode
CFMutableSetRef _commonModeItems;//存储所有commonMode的item(source、timer、observer)
CFRunLoopModeRef _currentMode; //当前运行的mode
CFMutableSetRef _modes; //存储的是CFRunLoopModeRef
struct _block_item *_blocks_head;//doblocks的时候用到
struct _block_item *_blocks_tail;
CFTypeRef _counterpart;
};
可见，一个RunLoop对象，主要包含了一个线程，若干个Mode，若干个commonMode，还有一个当前运行的Mode。
我们再看看CFRunloopModelRef的数据结构：
struct __CFRunLoopMode {
CFRuntimeBase _base;
pthread_mutex_t _lock; /* must have the run loop locked before locking this */
CFStringRef _name;
Boolean _stopped;
char _padding[3];
CFMutableSetRef _sources0;
CFMutableSetRef _sources1;
CFMutableArrayRef _observers;
CFMutableArrayRef _timers;
CFMutableDictionaryRef _portToV1SourceMap;
__CFPortSet _portSet;
CFIndex _observerMask;
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
dispatch_source_t _timerSource;
dispatch_queue_t _queue;
Boolean _timerFired; // set to true by the source when a timer has fired
Boolean _dispatchTimerArmed;
#endif
#if USE_MK_TIMER_TOO
mach_port_t _timerPort;
Boolean _mkTimerArmed;
#endif
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
DWORD _msgQMask;
void (*_msgPump)(void);
#endif
uint64_t _timerSoftDeadline; /* TSR */
uint64_t _timerHardDeadline; /* TSR */
};
看到CFRunloopModelRef的结构体的成员中有，source0，source1，observers，timer，port等成员。CFRunLoopModeRef与CFRunloop的大致关系：
- kCFRunLoopDefaultMode：App的默认Mode，通常主线程是在这个Mode下运行
- UITrackingRunLoopMode：界面跟踪 Mode，用于 ScrollView 追踪触摸滑动，保证界面滑动时不受其他 Mode 影响
- UIInitializationRunLoopMode: 在刚启动 App 时第进入的第一个Mode，启动完成后就不再使用，会切换到kCFRunLoopDefaultMode
- GSEventReceiveRunLoopMode: 接受系统事件的内部 Mode，通常用不到
- kCFRunLoopCommonModes: 这是一个占位用的Mode，作为标记kCFRunLoopDefaultMode和UITrackingRunLoopMode用，并不是一种真正的Mode
RunLoop的作用
- 保持程序的持续运行
- 处理应用程序的各种事件（触摸，定时器，performSelector）
- 节省cpu资源，提供程序的性能：该做事就做事，该休息就休息
- RunLoop的item类型
- block应用：
__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_BLOCK__ - 调用timer：
__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_TIMER_CALLBACK_FUNCTION__ - 响应source0：
__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ - 响应source1：
__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE1_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ - GCD主队列：
__CFRUNLOOP_IS_SERVICING_THE_MAIN_DISPATCH_QUEUE__ - observer源：
__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_AN_OBSERVER_CALLBACK_FUNCTION__
- block应用：
RunLoop与线程的关系
- 线程与RunLoop是一一对应的关系，底层是用一个可变字典关联起来，key是线程的指针，value是RunLoop
- 子线程RunLoop默认不开启，用到时需手动打开
- RunLoop是通过线程开启的，当线程关闭时RunLoop自动销毁
RunLoop源码分析
RunLoop处理逻辑流程图
// RunLoop的实现
SInt32 CFRunLoopRunSpecific(CFRunLoopRef rl, CFStringRef modeName, CFTimeInterval seconds, Boolean returnAfterSourceHandled) { /* DOES CALLOUT */
CHECK_FOR_FORK();
if (__CFRunLoopIsDeallocating(rl)) return kCFRunLoopRunFinished;
__CFRunLoopLock(rl);
// 根据modeName找到本次运行的mode
CFRunLoopModeRef currentMode = __CFRunLoopFindMode(rl, modeName, false);
// 如果currentMode为空或者mode里没有source/timer/observer, 直接返回。
if (NULL == currentMode || __CFRunLoopModeIsEmpty(rl, currentMode, rl->_currentMode)) {
Boolean did = false;
if (currentMode) __CFRunLoopModeUnlock(currentMode);
__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
return did ? kCFRunLoopRunHandledSource : kCFRunLoopRunFinished;
}
volatile _per_run_data *previousPerRun = __CFRunLoopPushPerRunData(rl);
// 取上一次运行的mode
CFRunLoopModeRef previousMode = rl->_currentMode;
// 如果本次mode和上次的mode一致
rl->_currentMode = currentMode;
// 初始化一个result为kCFRunLoopRunFinished
int32_t result = kCFRunLoopRunFinished;
// 通知observer，进入loop
if (currentMode->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopEntry ) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, currentMode, kCFRunLoopEntry);
result = __CFRunLoopRun(rl, currentMode, seconds, returnAfterSourceHandled, previousMode);
// 通知observer，退出loop
if (currentMode->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopExit ) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, currentMode, kCFRunLoopExit);
__CFRunLoopModeUnlock(currentMode);
__CFRunLoopPopPerRunData(rl, previousPerRun);
rl->_currentMode = previousMode;
__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
return result;
}
__CFRunLoopRun的实现
static int32_t __CFRunLoopRun(CFRunLoopRef rl, CFRunLoopModeRef rlm, CFTimeInterval seconds, Boolean stopAfterHandle, CFRunLoopModeRef previousMode) {
// 获取系统启动后的CPU运行时间，用于控制超时时间
uint64_t startTSR = mach_absolute_time();
// 判断当前runloop的状态是否关闭
if (__CFRunLoopIsStopped(rl)) {
__CFRunLoopUnsetStopped(rl);
return kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
} else if (rlm->_stopped) {
rlm->_stopped = false;
return kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
}
// mach端口，在内核中，消息在端口之间传递。 初始为0
mach_port_name_t dispatchPort = MACH_PORT_NULL;
// 判断是否为主线程
Boolean libdispatchQSafe = pthread_main_np() && ((HANDLE_DISPATCH_ON_BASE_INVOCATION_ONLY && NULL == previousMode) || (!HANDLE_DISPATCH_ON_BASE_INVOCATION_ONLY && 0 == _CFGetTSD(__CFTSDKeyIsInGCDMainQ)));
//如果在主线程 && runloop是主线程的runloop && 该mode是commonMode，则给mach端口赋值为主线程收发消息的端口
if (libdispatchQSafe && (CFRunLoopGetMain() == rl) && CFSetContainsValue(rl->_commonModes, rlm->_name)) dispatchPort = _dispatch_get_main_queue_port_4CF();
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
mach_port_name_t modeQueuePort = MACH_PORT_NULL;
if (rlm->_queue) {
// mode赋值为dispatch端口_dispatch_runloop_root_queue_perform_4CF
modeQueuePort = _dispatch_runloop_root_queue_get_port_4CF(rlm->_queue);
if (!modeQueuePort) {
CRASH(“Unable to get port for run loop mode queue (%d)”, -1);
}
}
#endif
dispatch_source_t timeout_timer = NULL;
struct __timeout_context *timeout_context = (struct __timeout_context *)malloc(sizeof(*timeout_context));
if (seconds <= 0.0) { // instant timeout
seconds = 0.0;
timeout_context->termTSR = 0ULL;
} else if (seconds <= TIMER_INTERVAL_LIMIT) {
dispatch_queue_t queue = pthread_main_np() ? __CFDispatchQueueGetGenericMatchingMain() : __CFDispatchQueueGetGenericBackground();
timeout_timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, queue);
dispatch_retain(timeout_timer);
timeout_context->ds = timeout_timer;
timeout_context->rl = (CFRunLoopRef)CFRetain(rl);
timeout_context->termTSR = startTSR + __CFTimeIntervalToTSR(seconds);
dispatch_set_context(timeout_timer, timeout_context); // source gets ownership of context
dispatch_source_set_event_handler_f(timeout_timer, __CFRunLoopTimeout);
dispatch_source_set_cancel_handler_f(timeout_timer, __CFRunLoopTimeoutCancel);
uint64_t ns_at = (uint64_t)((__CFTSRToTimeInterval(startTSR) + seconds) * 1000000000ULL);
dispatch_source_set_timer(timeout_timer, dispatch_time(1, ns_at), DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER, 1000ULL);
dispatch_resume(timeout_timer);
} else { // infinite timeout
seconds = 9999999999.0;
timeout_context->termTSR = UINT64_MAX;
}
// 标志位默认为true
Boolean didDispatchPortLastTime = true;
// 记录最后runloop状态，用于return
int32_t retVal = 0;
do {
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
voucher_mach_msg_state_t voucherState = VOUCHER_MACH_MSG_STATE_UNCHANGED;
voucher_t voucherCopy = NULL;
#endif
// 初始化一个存放内核消息的缓冲池
uint8_t msg_buffer[3 * 1024];
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
mach_msg_header_t *msg = NULL;
mach_port_t livePort = MACH_PORT_NULL;
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
HANDLE livePort = NULL;
Boolean windowsMessageReceived = false;
#endif
// 取所有需要监听的port
__CFPortSet waitSet = rlm->_portSet;
// 设置RunLoop为可以被唤醒状态
__CFRunLoopUnsetIgnoreWakeUps(rl);
// 通知 Observers: RunLoop 即将触发 Timer 回调。
if (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers);
// 通知 Observers: RunLoop 即将触发 Source0 (非port) 回调。
if (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopBeforeSources) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopBeforeSources);
// 执行被加入的block
__CFRunLoopDoBlocks(rl, rlm);
// RunLoop 触发 Source0 (非port) 回调。
Boolean sourceHandledThisLoop = __CFRunLoopDoSources0(rl, rlm, stopAfterHandle);
if (sourceHandledThisLoop) {
// 执行被加入的block
__CFRunLoopDoBlocks(rl, rlm);
}
// 如果没有Sources0事件处理 并且 没有超时，poll为false
// 如果有Sources0事件处理 或者 超时，poll都为true
Boolean poll = sourceHandledThisLoop || (0ULL == timeout_context->termTSR);
// 第一次do..whil循环不会走该分支，因为didDispatchPortLastTime初始化是true
if (MACH_PORT_NULL != dispatchPort && !didDispatchPortLastTime) {
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
// 从缓冲区读取消息
msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer;
// 如果有 Source1 (基于port) 处于 ready 状态，直接处理这个 Source1 然后跳转去处理消息。
if (__CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(dispatchPort, &msg, sizeof(msg_buffer), &livePort, 0, &voucherState, NULL)) {
// 如果接收到了消息的话，前往第9步开始处理msg
goto handle_msg;
}
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
if (__CFRunLoopWaitForMultipleObjects(NULL, &dispatchPort, 0, 0, &livePort, NULL)) {
goto handle_msg;
}
#endif
}
didDispatchPortLastTime = false;
// 通知Observers: 即将休眠
if (!poll && (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting)) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting);
__CFRunLoopSetSleeping(rl);
// do not do any user callouts after this point (after notifying of sleeping)
// Must push the local-to-this-activation ports in on every loop
// iteration, as this mode could be run re-entrantly and we don`t
// want these ports to get serviced.
__CFPortSetInsert(dispatchPort, waitSet);
__CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
CFAbsoluteTime sleepStart = poll ? 0.0 : CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
do {
if (kCFUseCollectableAllocator) {
// objc_clear_stack(0);
// <rdar://problem/16393959>
memset(msg_buffer, 0, sizeof(msg_buffer));
}
msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer;
// 通知Observers: 结束休眠
__CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(waitSet, &msg, sizeof(msg_buffer), &livePort, poll ? 0 : TIMEOUT_INFINITY, &voucherState, &voucherCopy);
if (modeQueuePort != MACH_PORT_NULL && livePort == modeQueuePort) {
// Drain the internal queue. If one of the callout blocks sets the timerFired flag, break out and service the timer.
while (_dispatch_runloop_root_queue_perform_4CF(rlm->_queue));
if (rlm->_timerFired) {
// Leave livePort as the queue port, and service timers below
rlm->_timerFired = false;
break;
} else {
if (msg && msg != (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer) free(msg);
}
} else {
// Go ahead and leave the inner loop.
break;
}
} while (1);
#else
if (kCFUseCollectableAllocator) {
// objc_clear_stack(0);
// <rdar://problem/16393959>
memset(msg_buffer, 0, sizeof(msg_buffer));
}
msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer;
__CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(waitSet, &msg, sizeof(msg_buffer), &livePort, poll ? 0 : TIMEOUT_INFINITY, &voucherState, &voucherCopy);
#endif
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
// Here, use the app-supplied message queue mask. They will set this if they are interested in having this run loop receive windows messages.
__CFRunLoopWaitForMultipleObjects(waitSet, NULL, poll ? 0 : TIMEOUT_INFINITY, rlm->_msgQMask, &livePort, &windowsMessageReceived);
#endif
__CFRunLoopLock(rl);
__CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);
rl->_sleepTime += (poll ? 0.0 : (CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - sleepStart));
// Must remove the local-to-this-activation ports in on every loop
// iteration, as this mode could be run re-entrantly and we don`t
// want these ports to get serviced. Also, we don`t want them left
// in there if this function returns.
__CFPortSetRemove(dispatchPort, waitSet);
__CFRunLoopSetIgnoreWakeUps(rl);
// user callouts now OK again
__CFRunLoopUnsetSleeping(rl);
if (!poll && (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting)) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting);
handle_msg:;
__CFRunLoopSetIgnoreWakeUps(rl);
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
if (windowsMessageReceived) {
// These Win32 APIs cause a callout, so make sure we`re unlocked first and relocked after
__CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
if (rlm->_msgPump) {
rlm->_msgPump();
} else {
MSG msg;
if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE | PM_NOYIELD)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
__CFRunLoopLock(rl);
__CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);
sourceHandledThisLoop = true;
// To prevent starvation of sources other than the message queue, we check again to see if any other sources need to be serviced
// Use 0 for the mask so windows messages are ignored this time. Also use 0 for the timeout, because we`re just checking to see if the things are signalled right now -- we will wait on them again later.
// NOTE: Ignore the dispatch source (it`s not in the wait set anymore) and also don`t run the observers here since we are polling.
__CFRunLoopSetSleeping(rl);
__CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
__CFRunLoopWaitForMultipleObjects(waitSet, NULL, 0, 0, &livePort, NULL);
__CFRunLoopLock(rl);
__CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);
__CFRunLoopUnsetSleeping(rl);
// If we have a new live port then it will be handled below as normal
}
#endif
if (MACH_PORT_NULL == livePort) {
CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_NOTHING();
// handle nothing
} else if (livePort == rl->_wakeUpPort) {
CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_WAKEUP();
// do nothing on Mac OS
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
// Always reset the wake up port, or risk spinning forever
ResetEvent(rl->_wakeUpPort);
#endif
}
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
else if (modeQueuePort != MACH_PORT_NULL && livePort == modeQueuePort) {
CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_TIMER();
if (!__CFRunLoopDoTimers(rl, rlm, mach_absolute_time())) {
// Re-arm the next timer, because we apparently fired early
__CFArmNextTimerInMode(rlm, rl);
}
}
#endif
#if USE_MK_TIMER_TOO
else if (rlm->_timerPort != MACH_PORT_NULL && livePort == rlm->_timerPort) {
// 处理timer
CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_TIMER();
// On Windows, we have observed an issue where the timer port is set before the time which we requested it to be set. For example, we set the fire time to be TSR 167646765860, but it is actually observed firing at TSR 167646764145, which is 1715 ticks early. The result is that, when __CFRunLoopDoTimers checks to see if any of the run loop timers should be firing, it appears to be `too early` for the next timer, and no timers are handled.
// In this case, the timer port has been automatically reset (since it was returned from MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx), and if we do not re-arm it, then no timers will ever be serviced again unless something adjusts the timer list (e.g. adding or removing timers). The fix for the issue is to reset the timer here if CFRunLoopDoTimers did not handle a timer itself. 9308754
if (!__CFRunLoopDoTimers(rl, rlm, mach_absolute_time())) {
// Re-arm the next timer
__CFArmNextTimerInMode(rlm, rl);
}
}
#endif
else if (livePort == dispatchPort) {
// 处理主线程队列中事件
CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_DISPATCH();
__CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
_CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyIsInGCDMainQ, (void *)6, NULL);
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
void *msg = 0;
#endif
__CFRUNLOOP_IS_SERVICING_THE_MAIN_DISPATCH_QUEUE__(msg);
_CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyIsInGCDMainQ, (void *)0, NULL);
__CFRunLoopLock(rl);
__CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);
sourceHandledThisLoop = true;
didDispatchPortLastTime = true;
} else {
CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_SOURCE();
// 处理Source1
// If we received a voucher from this mach_msg, then put a copy of the new voucher into TSD. CFMachPortBoost will look in the TSD for the voucher. By using the value in the TSD we tie the CFMachPortBoost to this received mach_msg explicitly without a chance for anything in between the two pieces of code to set the voucher again.
voucher_t previousVoucher = _CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyMachMessageHasVoucher, (void *)voucherCopy, os_release);
// Despite the name, this works for windows handles as well
CFRunLoopSourceRef rls = __CFRunLoopModeFindSourceForMachPort(rl, rlm, livePort);
if (rls) {
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
mach_msg_header_t *reply = NULL;
sourceHandledThisLoop = __CFRunLoopDoSource1(rl, rlm, rls, msg, msg->msgh_size, &reply) || sourceHandledThisLoop;
if (NULL != reply) {
(void)mach_msg(reply, MACH_SEND_MSG, reply->msgh_size, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL);
CFAllocatorDeallocate(kCFAllocatorSystemDefault, reply);
}
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
sourceHandledThisLoop = __CFRunLoopDoSource1(rl, rlm, rls) || sourceHandledThisLoop;
#endif
}
// Restore the previous voucher
_CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyMachMessageHasVoucher, previousVoucher, os_release);
}
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
if (msg && msg != (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer) free(msg);
#endif
__CFRunLoopDoBlocks(rl, rlm);
if (sourceHandledThisLoop && stopAfterHandle) {
retVal = kCFRunLoopRunHandledSource;
} else if (timeout_context->termTSR < mach_absolute_time()) {
retVal = kCFRunLoopRunTimedOut;
} else if (__CFRunLoopIsStopped(rl)) {
__CFRunLoopUnsetStopped(rl);
retVal = kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
} else if (rlm->_stopped) {
rlm->_stopped = false;
retVal = kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
} else if (__CFRunLoopModeIsEmpty(rl, rlm, previousMode)) {
retVal = kCFRunLoopRunFinished;
}
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
voucher_mach_msg_revert(voucherState);
os_release(voucherCopy);
#endif
} while (0 == retVal);
if (timeout_timer) {
dispatch_source_cancel(timeout_timer);
dispatch_release(timeout_timer);
} else {
free(timeout_context);
}
return retVal;
}
参考文章：
iOS RunLoop详解
