美团面试官:你说你们公司的Mybatis分页插件是你写的,给我说说它的设计原理?

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大多数框架,都支持插件,用户可通过编写插件来自行扩展功能,Mybatis也不例外。

我们从插件配置、插件编写、插件运行原理、插件注册与执行拦截的时机、初始化插件、分页插件的原理等六个方面展开阐述。


# 插件配置

Mybatis的插件配置在configuration内部,初始化时,会读取这些插件,保存于Configuration对象的InterceptorChain中。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-
//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"><configuration>    <plugins>   
 <plugin interceptor="com.mybatis3.interceptor.MyBatisInterceptor">     
 <property name="value" value="100" />    </plugin>  </plugins></configuration>
public class Configuration {   
 protected final InterceptorChain interceptorChain = new InterceptorChain();}

org.apache.ibatis.plugin.InterceptorChain.java源码。

public class InterceptorChain {
  private final List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<Interceptor>();
  public Object pluginAll(Object target) {    for (Interceptor interceptor : interceptors) {      target = interceptor.plugin(target);    }    return target;  }
  public void addInterceptor(Interceptor interceptor) {    interceptors.add(interceptor);  }
  public List<Interceptor> getInterceptors() {    return Collections.unmodifiableList(interceptors);  }
}

上面的for循环代表了只要是插件,都会以责任链的方式逐一执行(别指望它能跳过某个节点),所谓插件,其实就类似于拦截器。

# 如何编写一个插件

插件必须实现org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Interceptor接口。

public interface Interceptor {
  Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable;
  Object plugin(Object target);
  void setProperties(Properties properties);
}

intercept()方法:执行拦截内容的地方,比如想收点保护费。由plugin()方法触发,interceptor.plugin(target)足以证明。

plugin()方法:决定是否触发intercept()方法。

setProperties()方法:给自定义的拦截器传递xml配置的属性参数。

下面自定义一个拦截器:

@Intercepts({    @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = { MappedStatement.class, Object.class,        RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class }),    @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "close", args = { boolean.class }) })public class MyBatisInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  private Integer value;
  @Override  public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {    return invocation.proceed();  }
  @Override  public Object plugin(Object target) {    System.out.println(value);        // Plugin类是插件的核心类,用于给target创建一个JDK的动态代理对象,触发intercept()方法    return Plugin.wrap(target, this);  }
  @Override  public void setProperties(Properties properties) {    value = Integer.valueOf((String) properties.get("value"));  }
}

面对上面的代码,我们需要解决两个疑问:

1. 为什么要写Annotation注解?注解都是什么含义?

答:Mybatis规定插件必须编写Annotation注解,是必须,而不是可选。

@Intercepts注解:装载一个@Signature列表,一个@Signature其实就是一个需要拦截的方法封装。那么,一个拦截器要拦截多个方法,自然就是一个@Signature列表。

type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = { MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class }

解释:要拦截Executor接口内的query()方法,参数类型为args列表。

2. Plugin.wrap(target, this)是干什么的?

答:使用JDK的动态代理,给target对象创建一个delegate代理对象,以此来实现方法拦截和增强功能,它会回调intercept()方法。

org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Plugin.java源码:

public class Plugin implements InvocationHandler {
  private Object target;  private Interceptor interceptor;  private Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap;
  private Plugin(Object target, Interceptor interceptor, Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap) {    this.target = target;    this.interceptor = interceptor;    this.signatureMap = signatureMap;  }
  public static Object wrap(Object target, Interceptor interceptor) {    Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap = getSignatureMap(interceptor);    Class<?> type = target.getClass();    Class<?>[] interfaces = getAllInterfaces(type, signatureMap);    if (interfaces.length > 0) {      // 创建JDK动态代理对象      return Proxy.newProxyInstance(          type.getClassLoader(),          interfaces,          new Plugin(target, interceptor, signatureMap));    }    return target;  }
  @Override  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {    try {      Set<Method> methods = signatureMap.get(method.getDeclaringClass());      // 判断是否是需要拦截的方法(很重要)      if (methods != null && methods.contains(method)) {        // 回调intercept()方法        return interceptor.intercept(new Invocation(target, method, args));      }      return method.invoke(target, args);    } catch (Exception e) {      throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(e);    }  }//...}

Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap:缓存需拦截对象的反射结果,避免多次反射,即target的反射结果。

所以,我们不要动不动就说反射性能很差,那是因为你没有像Mybatis一样去缓存一个对象的反射结果。判断是否是需要拦截的方法,这句注释很重要,一旦忽略了,都不知道Mybatis是怎么判断是否执行拦截内容的,要记住。

# Mybatis可以拦截哪些接口对象?

public class Configuration {//...public ParameterHandler newParameterHandler(MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, BoundSql boundSql) {    ParameterHandler parameterHandler = mappedStatement.getLang().createParameterHandler(mappedStatement, parameterObject, boundSql);    parameterHandler = (ParameterHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(parameterHandler); // 1    return parameterHandler;  }
  public ResultSetHandler newResultSetHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, RowBounds rowBounds, ParameterHandler parameterHandler,      ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {    ResultSetHandler resultSetHandler = new DefaultResultSetHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterHandler, resultHandler, boundSql, rowBounds);    resultSetHandler = (ResultSetHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(resultSetHandler); // 2    return resultSetHandler;  }
  public StatementHandler newStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {    StatementHandler statementHandler = new RoutingStatementHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);    statementHandler = (StatementHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(statementHandler); // 3    return statementHandler;  }
  public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction) {    return newExecutor(transaction, defaultExecutorType);  }
  public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {    executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;    executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;    Executor executor;    if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {      executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);    } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {      executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);    } else {      executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);    }    if (cacheEnabled) {      executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);    }    executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor); // 4    return executor;  }//...}

Mybatis只能拦截ParameterHandler、ResultSetHandler、StatementHandler、Executor共4个接口对象内的方法。

重新审视interceptorChain.pluginAll()方法:该方法在创建上述4个接口对象时调用,其含义为给这些接口对象注册拦截器功能,注意是注册,而不是执行拦截。

所以,一定要分清,何时注册,何时执行。切不可认为pluginAll()或plugin()就是执行,它只是注册。

# Invocation

public class Invocation {  private Object target;  private Method method;  private Object[] args;}

intercept(Invocation invocation)方法的参数Invocation ,我相信你一定可以看得懂,不解释。

# 初始化插件源码解析

org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XNode)方法部分源码。

pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
 private void pluginElement(XNode parent) throws Exception {    if (parent != null) {      for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) {        String interceptor = child.getStringAttribute("interceptor");        Properties properties = child.getChildrenAsProperties();        Interceptor interceptorInstance = (Interceptor) resolveClass(interceptor).newInstance();        // 这里展示了setProperties()方法的调用时机        interceptorInstance.setProperties(properties);        configuration.addInterceptor(interceptorInstance);      }    }  }

对于Mybatis,它并不区分是何种拦截器接口,所有的插件都是Interceptor,Mybatis完全依靠Annotation去标识对谁进行拦截,所以,具备接口一致性。

# 分页插件原理

由于Mybatis采用的是逻辑分页,而非物理分页,那么,市场上就出现了可以实现物理分页的Mybatis的分页插件。

要实现物理分页,就需要对String sql进行拦截并增强,Mybatis通过BoundSql对象存储String sql,而BoundSql则由StatementHandler对象获取。

public interface StatementHandler {    <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException;
    BoundSql getBoundSql();}
public class BoundSql {   public String getSql() {    return sql;  }}

因此,就需要编写一个针对StatementHandler的query方法拦截器,然后获取到sql,对sql进行重写增强。

任它天高海阔,任它变化无穷,我们只要懂得原理,再多插件,我们都可以对其投送王之蔑视。