Docker的常用命令

常用容器启动命令

# postgre启动命令，并且设置连接数
docker run -itd --name postgresql --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -e POSTGRES_USER=sde \
-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres -v /opt/data/postgresql:/var/lib/postgresql/data -p 5432:5432 postgres:9.6.1 postgres -c max_connections=500

# mongo启动命令
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro --name mongo -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=mongoadmin \
-e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=mongopasswd -p 27017:27017 mongo:4.1.11-bionic --wiredTigerCacheSizeGB 0.8
# docker exec -it mongo sh
# mongo -host localhost --port 27017 --username mongoadmin --password mongopasswd
# docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro --name mongo -v /opt/data/mongo/data:/data/db \
# -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=mongoadmin -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=mongopasswd -p 27017:27017 mongo:4.1.11-bionic --wiredTigerCacheSizeGB 0.8

# minio启动命令
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro --name minio -p 9000:9000 \
-e MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=minio -e MINIO_SECRET_KEY=minio.minio minio/minio:RELEASE.2019-01-16T21-44-08Z server /export

# redis启动命令
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro --name redis -p 6379:6379 redis:4.0.9-alpine

# rebbitMQ启动命令
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro  --name rabbitmq -p 4369:4369 \
-p 5671:5671 -p 5672:5672 -p 25672:25672 -p 15671:15671 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:3.6.10-management-alpine

# gitbook启动命令
docker run -itd --name gitbook --restart always -v /opt/soft/gitbook/soa:/gitbook -p 4000:4000 fellah/gitbook:3.2 sh

### MySQL5.7设置时区
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 \
--name mysql mysql:5.7.16 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci --init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4;' \
--default-time-zone='+8:00' --innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit=0 --log-timestamps=SYSTEM \
--sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 \
--name mysql mysql:5.7.21 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci --init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4;' \
--default-time-zone='+8:00' --innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit=0 --log-timestamps=SYSTEM \
--sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 \
--name mysql mysql:5.7.16 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci --init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4;' \
--default-time-zone='+8:00' --log-timestamps=SYSTEM --sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

### MySQL8设置时区
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 \
--name mysql mysql:8.0.11 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci --init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4;' \
--default-time-zone='+8:00' --log-timestamps=SYSTEM --sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION' \
--default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

# Swagger-editor启动命令
docker run -itd --restart always --name swagger-editor -p 18080:8080 swaggerapi/swagger-editor:v3.5.3
# Swagger-ui启动命令
docker run -itd --restart always --name swagger-ui -p 18081:8080 swaggerapi/swagger-ui:3.17.6
docker run -itd --restart always --name swagger-ui -p 80:8080 -e API_URL=http://generator.swagger.io/api/swagger.json swaggerapi/swagger-ui:3.17.6

# neo4j容器命令
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro --name neo4j -e NEO4j_AUTH=neo4j/admin123 \
-e NEO4J_dbms_tx__log_rotation_retention__policy=true -e NEO4J_dbms_memory_pagecache_size=128M -e NEO4J_dbms_memory_heap_initial__size=128M \
-e NEO4J_dbms_memory_heap_max__size=256M -p 7474:7474 -p 7473:7473 -p 7687:7687 neo4j:3.4.5


docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -p 5432:5432 -v /cityworks/postgresql:/var/lib/postgresql/data \
--name postgres -e POSTGRES_USER=sde -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres postgres:9.6.1
# MySQL启动命令
docker run -itd --restart always -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 mysql:5.7.3

# nginx命令
docker run -itd --restart always --name nginx -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai -p 80:80 -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -v /var/log/nginx/:/var/log/nginx \
-v /home/kk/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /usr/share/nginx/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx:1.15.4-alpine

通过docker inspect常用名命令

# 查看容器IP(下面三条命令查看不了自定义网卡的容器IP)
docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' 容器名
docker inspect 容器名
docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' 容器名
docker inspect 容器名 | grep "IPAddress" -n

# 要获取所有容器名称及其IP地址只需一个命令
docker inspect -f '{{.Name}} - {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' $(docker ps -aq)

指定容器的hostname

# --hostname ：指定hostname;
# docker run -itd --restart always --name redis --hostname=redis -p 6379:6379 redis:4.0.9-alpine
docker run -itd --restart always --name redis --hostname redis -p 6379:6379 redis:4.0.9-alpine

往容器的/etc/hosts里添加hosts

# --add-host ：指定往/etc/hosts添加的host
docker run --restart always -itd --name hadoop1 --hostname hadoop1 --net hadoop-network --ip 10.2.2.1 --add-host hadoop2:10.2.2.2 --add-host hadoop3:10.2.2.3 hadoop:master

通过docker创建网段，分配容器IP

docker network rm docker-swarm-network
docker network create --subnet=10.10.10.0/24 docker-swarm-network
docker run -itd --name manager1 --net docker-swarm-network --ip 10.10.10.101 --restart always docker:18.03.1-ce

# 列出所有容器对应的名称，ip以及端口
docker inspect --format='{{.Name}} {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -aq)
docker inspect --format='{{.Name}} {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}} {{.Config.ExposedPorts}}' $(docker ps -aq)
docker inspect --format='{{.Name}} {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}} {{.HostConfig.PortBindings}}' $(docker ps -aq)
docker inspect --format='{{.Name}} {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}} {{.HostConfig.PortBindings}}' $(docker ps -aq)

# docker inspect -f '{{.Name}} {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -aq)
# docker inspect -f '{{.Name}} {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}} {{.Config.ExposedPorts}}' $(docker ps -aq)
# docker inspect -f '{{.Name}} {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}} {{.HostConfig.PortBindings}}' $(docker ps -aq)
# docker inspect -f='{{.Name}} {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}} {{.HostConfig.PortBindings}}' $(docker ps -aq)

查找容器名的部分名词字段

docker ps -a --filter name=redis -q
# 7c16765f5ef3
# ecba9578534c
# c1353a0c7231
# 8a3339228398
docker stop `docker ps -a -q --filter name=redis`
docker rm `docker ps -a -q --filter name=redis`

导出和导入docker镜像

docker save mysql:5.7 node:8 | gzip > images.tar.gz  # 压缩压缩多个镜像
docker load < images.tar.gz                          # 导入镜像

docker的常见问题

• Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted

• 报这个错的原因是dbus-daemon没启动。并不是容器里不能使用systemctl命令

# docker run的时候加 --privileged 参数
# CMD或者entrypoint设置 /usr/sbin/init 即可。docker容器会自动将dbus等服务启动起来。