react项目开发中遇到需求，在前端直接将HTML报表内容导出生成word文档，在网上查阅了相关资料，大概找到3种解决思路：
1、使用jquery.wordexport.js插件导出（需要依赖jquery，不想在react项目中引入）；
2、使用npm包html-docx-js；
3、使用ActiveXObject对象。
第3种思路由于找到的文档较少，优先级靠后，尝试了1、2的方案做了些demo，发现都遇到了样式的处理问题（导出页面有较多的表格和纸张方向控制），搜索没有找到很好的解决办法，不过找到了些解决思路，一开始想尝试去阅读html-docx-js的源码，发现有点吃力，加上时间紧，然后去阅读了wordexport插件源码基本弄清楚了其导出原理，后面通过手写获取dom节点内容然后自己拼装成完整的html文档字符串+FileSaver.js 解决问题。
网上看到了都是些思路，并没有给出非常具体的代码实现以及导出中一些细节的处理，在此分享自己的一些实践经验，供参考。
在这里给出jquery.wordexport.js源码，并简单做出分析：
if (typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && typeof saveAs !== "undefined") {
(function ($) {
$.fn.wordExport = function (fileName) {
fileName = typeof fileName !== 'undefined' ? fileName : "jQuery-Word-Export";
// 定义文档模板
var statics = {
mhtml: {
top: "Mime-Version: 1.0\nContent-Base: " + location.href + "\nContent-Type: Multipart/related; boundary=\"NEXT.ITEM-BOUNDARY\";type=\"text/html\"\n\n--NEXT.ITEM-BOUNDARY\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=\"utf-8\"\nContent-Location: " + location.href + "\n\n\n\n_html_",
head: "\n\n\n\n",
body: "<body>_body_</body>"
}
};
var options = {
maxWidth: 624
};
// Clone selected element before manipulating it
var markup = $(this).clone();
// Remove hidden elements from the output
markup.each(function () {
var self = $(this);
if (self.is(':hidden'))
self.remove();
});
// Embed all images using Data URLs
var images = Array();
var img = markup.find('img');
for (var i = 0; i < img.length; i++) {
// Calculate dimensions of output image
var w = Math.min(img[i].width, options.maxWidth);
var h = img[i].height * (w / img[i].width);
// Create canvas for converting image to data URL
var canvas = document.createElement("CANVAS");
canvas.width = w;
canvas.height = h;
// Draw image to canvas
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
context.drawImage(img[i], 0, 0, w, h);
// Get data URL encoding of image
var uri = canvas.toDataURL("image/png/jpg");
$(img[i]).attr("src", img[i].src);
img[i].width = w;
img[i].height = h;
// Save encoded image to array
images[i] = {
type: uri.substring(uri.indexOf(":") + 1, uri.indexOf(";")),
encoding: uri.substring(uri.indexOf(";") + 1, uri.indexOf(",")),
location: $(img[i]).attr("src"),
data: uri.substring(uri.indexOf(",") + 1)
};
}
// Prepare bottom of mhtml file with image data
var mhtmlBottom = "\n";
for (var i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
mhtmlBottom += "--NEXT.ITEM-BOUNDARY\n";
mhtmlBottom += "Content-Location: " + images[i].location + "\n";
mhtmlBottom += "Content-Type: " + images[i].type + "\n";
mhtmlBottom += "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " + images[i].encoding + "\n\n";
mhtmlBottom += images[i].data + "\n\n";
}
mhtmlBottom += "--NEXT.ITEM-BOUNDARY--";
//TODO: load css from included stylesheet
//var styles=' /* Font Definitions */@font-face{font-family:宋体;panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;mso-font-alt:SimSun;mso-font-charset:134;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;} @font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:1;mso-generic-font-family:roman;mso-font-format:other;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face{font-family:"\@宋体";panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;mso-font-charset:134;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}/* Style Definitions */p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;}p.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader{mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-link:"页眉 Char";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;layout-grid-mode:char;font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;}p.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter{mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-link:"页脚 Char";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;layout-grid-mode:char;font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;}p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate{mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-link:"批注框文本 Char";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;}span.Char{mso-style-name:"页眉 Char";mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-locked:yes;mso-style-link:页眉;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;}span.Char0{mso-style-name:"页脚 Char";mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-locked:yes;mso-style-link:页脚;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;}span.Char1{mso-style-name:"批注框文本 Char";mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-locked:yes;mso-style-link:批注框文本;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;}p.msochpdefault, li.msochpdefault, div.msochpdefault{mso-style-name:msochpdefault;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:0cm;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:0cm;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;}span.msonormal0{mso-style-name:msonormal;mso-style-unhide:no;}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt;}/* Page Definitions */ @page WordSection1{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;mso-header-margin:42.55pt;mso-footer-margin:49.6pt;mso-paper-source:0;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;}';
var styles = "";
// Aggregate parts of the file together
var fileContent = statics.mhtml.top.replace("_html_", statics.mhtml.head.replace("_styles_", styles) + statics.mhtml.body.replace("_body_", markup.html())) + mhtmlBottom;
// Create a Blob with the file contents
var blob = new Blob([fileContent], {
type: "application/msword;charset=utf-8"
});
saveAs(blob, fileName + ".doc");
};
})(jQuery);
} else {
if (typeof jQuery === "undefined") {
console.error("jQuery Word Export: missing dependency (jQuery)");
}
if (typeof saveAs === "undefined") {
console.error("jQuery Word Export: missing dependency (FileSaver.js)");
}}
该插件的主要原理就是获取dom节点内容，然后将其用模板拼接成字符串，然后生成Blob对象后使用saveAs保存。
了解了原理后其实我们可以不用这个插件自己完成导出。如下是我的项目中的实现：
<pre>
const mhtml={
top: "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"\n" +
" xmlns:w=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word\"\n" +
" xmlns:dt=\"uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882\"\n" +
" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40\">\n_html_</html>",
head: "<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\">\n<style>\n_styles_\n</style>\n</head>\n",
body: "<body>_body_</body>"}</pre>
const exportReport=(styles,html,reportName)=>{
let fileContent = mhtml.top.replace("_html_", mhtml.head.replace("_styles_", styles)+
mhtml.body.replace("_body_",html));
let blob = new Blob([fileContent], { type: "application/msword;charset=utf-8" });
saveAs(blob, reportName+".doc");
}
在此我传入了样式参数styles和报告名称reportName，项目中没有用到图片的导出，所以此处做了简化，导出图片的需要可以直接参考以上jQuery插件的实现。
实际开发中需要注意的是，html文档的有些样式在word中是不能识别的，如后代元素选择器等，我采取的做法是直接在jsx中写行内样式，如：
const tdStyle={ borderTop:'solid black 1.0pt',borderLeft:'solid black 1.0pt',
padding:'5px 0',whiteSpace: 'nowrap'};
报告内容一方面作为html文档要在web上显示，另一方面又需要导出，在样式处理上我采取了一种不太合理的方式，即同样公共的样式我使用了两个文件，如下图：
const styles=`
@page WordSection1{
size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;
mso-header-margin:42.55pt;
mso-footer-margin:49.6pt;
mso-paper-source:0;
layout-grid:15.6pt;
}`
（这在维护上会有点不便，后来在网上看到是否可以采用Juice等包实现一套样式完成此两种功能）
导出word文档过程中遇到的一些细节问题，我是通过直接创建word文档，然后将其另存为html文件去查看其html源码然后再去尝试完成。记录开发中遇到的其它问题处理如下： 1.jsx换行的实现
@page WordSection1
{ size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;
mso-header-margin:42.55pt;
mso-footer-margin:49.6pt;
mso-paper-source:0;
layout-grid:15.6pt;
}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
@page WordSection2
{size:841.9pt 595.3pt;
mso-page-orientation:landscape;
margin:90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:42.55pt;
mso-footer-margin:49.6pt;
mso-paper-source:0;
layout-grid:15.6pt;}
div.WordSection2
{page:WordSection2;}
最后，Talk is cheap,Show me the code。附上demo地址，供参考，欢迎交流！
