一、runtime是什么?
用C、C++和汇编实现的一套API 给OC增加的运行时功能
二、alloc 和 init
+ (id)alloc {
return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
汇编小知识:
bl --- 跳转
ret --- return
register read ----- 读取寄存器中的数据
x 对象内存地址 ----- 查看该对象数据
runtime小知识:
objec_msgSend(id 消息接收者 , sel ) ----- 任何方法调用的底层就是发送消息
sel ----- 方法编号 ,最终的底层是个name
IMP ---- 函数实现的指针
通过sel找到imp
id
_objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
#if __OBJC2__
if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
// No alloc/allocWithZone implementation. Go straight to the allocator.
// fixme store hasCustomAWZ in the non-meta class and
// add it to canAllocFast's summary
if (fastpath(cls->canAllocFast())) {
// No ctors, raw isa, etc. Go straight to the metal.
bool dtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
id obj = (id)calloc(1, cls->bits.fastInstanceSize());
if (slowpath(!obj)) return callBadAllocHandler(cls);
obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, dtor);
return obj;
}
else {
// Has ctor or raw isa or something. Use the slower path.
//**********↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓**************
//**********↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓**************
id obj = class_createInstance(cls, 0);// 这再看不到我也没办法了
//**********↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑**************
//**********↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑**************
if (slowpath(!obj)) return callBadAllocHandler(cls);
return obj;
}
}
#endif
// No shortcuts available.
if (allocWithZone) return [cls allocWithZone:nil];
return [cls alloc];
}
id
class_createInstance(Class cls, size_t extraBytes)
{
return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, extraBytes, nil);// 且听下回分解
}
总结:
- alloc 通过类创建实例对象
- init 直接返回原来的对象,为了设计模式搞的设计
static __attribute__((always_inline))
id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
bool cxxConstruct = true,
size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
if (!cls) return nil;
assert(cls->isRealized());
// Read class's info bits all at once for performance
bool hasCxxCtor = cls->hasCxxCtor();
bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
size_t size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;
id obj;
if (!zone && fast) {
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
if (!obj) return nil;
obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
}
else {
if (zone) {
obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc ((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
} else {
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
}
if (!obj) return nil;
// Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
// doing something weird with the zone or RR.
obj->initIsa(cls);
}
if (cxxConstruct && hasCxxCtor) {
obj = _objc_constructOrFree(obj, cls);
}
return obj;
}
字节对齐:
假如要以8对齐则 7 -> 8 、 10 -> 16 、 23 -> 24等
- (int)func(int x) { return (x+7)>>3<<3; }- (int)func(int x) { return (x+15)>>4<<4; // 以16对齐 }以下三行为个人总结,若有错误,将来会修改:
对象中的属性或变量不够8位补够8位,但多个变量大小加一起不大于8则放在一起
isa 占8位,系统每8位读一次
但假如对象所有占用不到16的倍数,系统会开辟空间到16的倍数,原因如下:
#define SHIFT_NANO_QUANTUM 4 #define NANO_REGIME_QUANTA_SIZE (1 << SHIFT_NANO_QUANTUM) // 16 static MALLOC_INLINE size_t segregated_size_to_fit(nanozone_t *nanozone, size_t size,size_t *pKey) { size_t k,slot_bytes; if (0 == size) { size = NANO_REGIME_QUANTA_SIZE; } // 16位对齐 k = (size + NANO_REGIME_QUANTA_SIZE - 1) >> SHIFT_NANO_QUANTUM; slot_bytes = k << SHIFT_NANO_QUANTUM; *pKey = k - 1; return slot_bytes; }
alloc流程:
- alloc
- _objc_rootAlloc
- callAlloc
- class_createInstance
- _class_createInstanceFromZone
- cls -> instanceSize // 算出属性大小
- calloc // 得出系统分配的内存
- obj -> initInstanceIsa // 实例化isa
三、OC对象的本质
是个结构体 objc_object