Kuberbetes(三)--部署kube集群dns服务

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1、原理

  每个Kubernetes service都绑定了一个虚拟IP 地址(ClusterIP),而且Kubernetes最初使用向pod中注入环境变量的方式实现服务发现,但这会带来环境变量泛滥等问题。故需要增加集群DNS服务为每个service映射一个域名。到Kubernetes v1.2版本时,DNS作为一个系统可选插件集成到Kubernetes集群中。Kubernetes默认使用SkyDNS作为集群的DNS服务器,kubernetes可以为pod提供dns(skyDNS)内部域名解析服务。其主要作用是为pod提供可以直接通过service的名字解析为对应service的ip的功能。启用了集群DNS选项,需要创建一个运行SkyDNS域名服务器的pod和一个对外提供集群service域名解析服务的SkyDNS service,并且还会为该service绑定一个稳定的 静态IP地址作为入口IP地址。然后,Kubelet被配置成向每个Docker容器传人SkyDNS service的IP地址。作为它们其中一个DNS服务器。每个在Kubernetes集群中定义的service包括DNS服务器本身对应的service都会被映射到一个DNS域名,该域名一般由两个部分组成:service所在namespace和service名。默认情况下,一个客户端pod的DNS搜索列表一般包含pod自身的namespace和集群的默认域名集。

SkyDNS service的域名搜索顺序大致如下。

  • 大型网站高并发解决方案LVS搜索客户端pod所在namespace中所有的service域名记录;
  • 搜索目标域名namespace中所有的service域名记录;
  • 从当前Kubernetes集群中,搜索所有的service域名记录。

    

skyDNS由三部分组成:kube2sky、etcd、skydns。

  • kube2sky的功能是监测api-server中的service的变化,当service创建、删除、修改时,获取对应的service信息,将其保存在etcd的中;
  • Etcd的功能是存储kube2sky保存过来的数据;
  • Skydns,在kubelet创建pod时,会使用为kubelet配置的"KUBELET_ARGS="--cluster-dns=10.254.10.2 --cluster-domain=sky --allow-privileged=true"" 在创建的pod中从而使用对应的dns服务器。而这一dns解析服务,实际是由Skydns提供的。

上面是Kubernetes1.2的,有点原始。 下面主要讲解Kubernetes1.4版本中的DNS插件的安装。 与1.2版本相比,1.4中的DNS增加了解析Pod(HostName)对应的域名的新功能,且在部署上也有了一些变化。

  • 1.2中,需要部署etcd(或使用master上的Etcd)、kube2sky、skydns三个组件;
  • 1.4中,DNS组件由kubedns(监控Kubernetes中DNS服务)和一个健康检查容器——healthz组成。
  • 在搭建PetSet(宠物应用)时,系统首先要为PetSet设置一个HeadLess service,即service的ClusterIP显示的设置成none,而对每一个有特定名称的Pet(Named Pod),可以通过其HostName进行寻址访问。这就用到了1.4中的新功能。以下给出具体的搭建过程。

2、修改配置

2.1修改各个node上的kubelet

修改以下带**部分,完成后重启kubelet服务。
[root@k8s-node-1 /]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
###
# kubernetes kubelet (minion) config

# The address for the info server to serve on (set to 0.0.0.0 or "" for all interfaces)
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

# The port for the info server to serve on
# KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"

# You may leave this blank to use the actual hostname
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=k8s-node-1"

# location of the api-server
KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://k8s-master:8080"

# pod infrastructure container
KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER="--pod-infra-container-image=docker.io/tianyebj/pod-infrastructure:latest"

# Add your own!
**KUBELET_ARGS="--cluster-dns=10.254.10.2 --cluster-domain=cluster.local. --allow-privileged=true"

[root@k8s-node-1 ~]# systemctl restart kubelet.service

2.2修改APIserver

修改以下带**部分:
[root@k8s-master /]# vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver
###
# kubernetes system config
#
# The following values are used to configure the kube-apiserver
#

# The address on the local server to listen to.
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"

# The port on the local server to listen on.
# KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"
KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"

# Port minions listen on
# KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"

# Comma separated list of nodes in the etcd cluster
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://etcd:2379"

# Address range to use for services
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"

# default admission control policies
** KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"

# Add your own!
KUBE_API_ARGS=""

2.3 修改yaml文件

注意修改以下带**部分:
[root@k8s-master /]# vim kube-dns-rc_14.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: kube-dns-v20
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    version: v20
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    version: v20
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
        version: v20
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerations: '[{"key":"CriticalAddonsOnly", "operator":"Exists"}]'
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubedns
        **image: docker.io/ist0ne/kubedns-amd64:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          # TODO: Set memory limits when we've profiled the container for large
          # clusters, then set request = limit to keep this container in
          # guaranteed class. Currently, this container falls into the
          # "burstable" category so the kubelet doesn't backoff from restarting it.
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz-kubedns
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /readiness
            port: 8081
            scheme: HTTP
          # we poll on pod startup for the Kubernetes master service and
          # only setup the /readiness HTTP server once that's available.
          initialDelaySeconds: 3
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        args:
        # command = "/kube-dns"
        **- --domain=cluster.local. 
        - --dns-port=10053
        **- --kube-master-url=http://192.168.245.250:8080
        ports:
        - containerPort: 10053
          name: dns-local
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 10053
          name: dns-tcp-local
          protocol: TCP
      - name: dnsmasq
        **image: docker.io/mritd/kube-dnsmasq-amd64:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz-dnsmasq
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        args:
        - --cache-size=1000
        - --no-resolv
        - --server=127.0.0.1#10053
        - --log-facility=-
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
      - name: healthz
        **image: docker.io/ist0ne/exechealthz-amd64:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 50Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            # Note that this container shouldn't really need 50Mi of memory. The
            # limits are set higher than expected pending investigation on #29688.
            # The extra memory was stolen from the kubedns container to keep the
            # net memory requested by the pod constant.
            memory: 50Mi
        args:
        # cluster.local 部分
        **- --cmd=nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local. 127.0.0.1 >/dev/null
        - --url=/healthz-dnsmasq
        # cluster.local 部分
        **- --cmd=nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local. 127.0.0.1:10053 >/dev/null
        - --url=/healthz-kubedns
        - --port=8080
        - --quiet
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP
      dnsPolicy: Default  # Don't use cluster DNS.

[root@k8s-master dns14]# cat kube-dns-svc_14.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "KubeDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.254.10.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP

2.4 下载下面3个镜像

docker.io/ist0ne/kubedns-amd64:latest 
docker.io/mritd/kube-dnsmasq-amd64:latest
docker.io/ist0ne/exechealthz-amd64:latest 
还是没有国内源,需要先在国外服务器上下载然后打包拷贝到本地,再导入

3、启动

[root@k8s-master dns14]# kubectl create -f kube-dns-rc_14.yaml 
replicationcontroller "kube-dns-v20" created
[root@k8s-master dns14]# kubectl create -f kube-dns-svc_14.yaml 
service "kube-dns" created

4、查看

[root@k8s-master /]# kubectl get pod  -o wide  --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                           READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP          NODE
kube-system   kube-dns-v20-gbd1m                             3/3       Running   0          19m       10.0.27.3   k8s-node-2
kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard-latest-1231782504-t79t7   1/1       Running   0          6h        10.0.27.2   k8s-node-2

使用:
创建web容器-->通过kubectl exec -it Podip /bin/bash进入容器-->cat /etc/resolve.conf-->发现已经指定好DNS服务器IP,接下来可以直接使用其他pod的name了,比如:
#                                        pod名:端口号
root@myweb-76h6w:/usr/local/tomcat# curl myweb:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/8.0.35</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>