情态动词在生活中特别常用,它其实并不是动词,只是用来帮助表达说话人的感情和态度。例如:
他是个老师( 纯叙述,看不出说话人的态度或者情感 )
VS
他可能是个老师 ( 这里使用情态动词‘可能’,就能看出说话人有不确定的感觉 )
情态动词在英语中非常重要,地位跟时态差不多
情态动词大家族
can --> could
will --> would
may --> might
must, have to
shall, should, ought to , be supposed to
need, dare
1 can VS could
- 能力, could 是 can 的过去式
- 许可, could 比 can更委婉
- 推测,can 不能用于肯定句
但有两种情况下可以:
1) 理论上不可能而实际有可能;
2) can 加 only 时,译为‘只可能’
- 有时, can + be / get
- 惊讶, 怀疑
2 will VS would
- 将要, would 是 will 的过去式
- 提出建议或请求, would 比 will更委婉
- would like 是由want 和 like 变时表词而来。ps: I would like a cap of coffee
- 过去或现在的习惯, 倾向性。 多用would。
3 may VS might
- 请允许,只能用在第一人称疑问句中,might 比 may 更委婉; 如:May I come in ?
- 给允许,只能用在第二三人陈述句中,只能用 may;
- 推测, may 不能用于疑问句句首,也就是一般疑问句。might 比 may 的可能性更小, 如果想变大, 加well, 表示加强语气;
- 祝愿, may + 陈述句(动词用原型)。 如: may you be happy.
- 不妨,还是, may / might + as well
4 must VS have to (非情态动词)
- must 表主动,have to 表被动;
- must 可能表推测, musn't 和 have to 不可以;
- 对 must 的否定回答,要用 not have to 或 not need to;
5 should, shall, ought to , be supposed to (非情态动词)
- shall 用于第一人称疑问句中表征求意见, 用于第二三人称陈述句中表命令,警告,承诺,决心等;
- ought to 比 should 语气重, 场合更正式;
- should 等于 be supposed to, 可表推测;
6 need VS dare
- 两者都有情态动词与实义动词两种用法, 在疑问名与否定句中,两种都可以用,在肯定句中只能用实义动词;
need he go ? he needn’t go.
Dose he need to go ? he dosen’t need to go.
- need doing 可以表被动;
the car needs to be washed.
the car needs washing.