@Handler
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
mLooper = looper;
mQueue = looper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
所谓“同步障碍syncBarrier”，可以被理解为一个特殊Message，它的target域为null。它不能通过sendMessageAtTime()等函数打入到消息队列里，而只能通过调用MessageQueue的postSyncBarrier()来打入。 “同步障碍”是起什么作用的呢？它就像一个卡子，卡在消息链表中的某个位置，当消息循环不断从消息链表中摘取消息并进行处理时，一旦遇到这种“同步障碍”，那么即使在障碍之后还有若干已经到时的普通Message，也不会摘取这些消息了。但是如果队列中还设置有“异步Message”，那么还是会摘取已到时的“异步Message”的。 “同步分割栏”这种卡子会一直卡在消息队列中，除非我们调用removeSyncBarrier()删除这个卡子。 在Android的消息机制里，“普通Message”和“异步Message”就只有这些区别。也就是说如果没有在MessageQueue里postSyncBarrier，普通Message和异步Message没有什么区别。
@MessageQueue
// Indicates whether next() is blocked waiting in pollOnce() with a non-zero timeout.
private boolean mBlocked;
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
/** ... **/
synchronized (this) {
/** ... **/
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
// 通过向管道写入数据，唤醒block的线程
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
消息入队的时候，如果插入队列头，且当前线程处于block的状态，或者对列头为同步障碍，当前处于block状态，插入位置前有异步Message， 此时消息入队成功后会通过nativeWake方法唤醒线程。
@Looper.cpp
void Looper::wake() {
. . . . . .
ssize_t nWrite;
do {
nWrite = write(mWakeWritePipeFd, "W", 1);
} while (nWrite == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (nWrite != 1) {
if (errno != EAGAIN) {
ALOGW("Could not write wake signal, errno=%d", errno);
}
}
}
wake()动作主要是向一个管道的“写入端”写入了“W”,调用wake唤醒epoll_wait
@Looper
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
......
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
......
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
......
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
/**
@MessageQueue
Message next() {
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
// 如果从队列里拿到的msg是个“同步分割栏”，那么就寻找其后第一个“异步消息”
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// 处理idle handlers部分
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
当消息队列中没有消息需要马上处理时，会判断用户是否设置了Idle Handler，如果有的话，则会尝试处理mIdleHandlers中所记录的所有Idle Handler，此时会逐个调用这些Idle Handler的queueIdle()成员函数。 我们举一个例子，在ActivityThread中，在某种情况下会在消息队列中设置GcIdler，进行垃圾收集
每当我们向消息队列发送事件时，最终会间接向管道的“写入端”写入数据，于是epoll通过管道的“读取端”立即就感知到了风吹草动，epoll_wait()在等到事件后，随即进行相应的事件处理。这就是消息循环阻塞并处理的大体流程。当然，因为向管道写数据只是为了通知风吹草动，所以写入的数据是非常简单的“W”字符串. 结合native层，Looper循环的整体流程大概如下图：
pollInner()调用epoll_wait()时传入的timeoutMillis参数，其实来自于前文所说的MessageQueue的next()函数里的nextPollTimeoutMillis，next()函数里在以下3种情况下，会给nextPollTimeoutMillis赋不同的值： 1）如果消息队列中的下一条消息还要等一段时间才到时的话，那么nextPollTimeoutMillis赋值为Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE)，即时间差； 2）如果消息队列已经是空队列了，那么nextPollTimeoutMillis赋值为-1； 3）不管前两种情况下是否已给nextPollTimeoutMillis赋过值了，只要队列中有Idle Handler需要处理，那么在处理完所有Idle Handler之后，会强制将nextPollTimeoutMillis赋值为0。这主要是考虑到在处理Idle Handler时，不知道会耗时多少，而在此期间消息队列的“到时情况”有可能已发生改变。
不管epoll_wait()的超时阀值被设置成什么，只要程序从epoll_wait()中返回，就会尝试处理等到的epoll事件。目前我们的主要关心点是事件机制，所以主要讨论当fd 等于mWakeReadPipeFd时的情况，此时会调用一下awoken()函数。该函数很简单，只是在读取mWakeReadPipeFd而已
